(人教版)2019版高中英语电子课本(必修4)(word版,15页)-(高一)AUwMwU
北京十四中学-福建公务员考录网
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising
over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following
J
ane's way of studying chimps, our group are
all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has
studie
d these families of chimps for many
years and helped people understand how much they
behave
like humans. Watching a family of
chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
This means g
oing back to the place where we
left the family sleeping in a tree the night
before. Everybody sit
s and waits in the shade
of the trees while the family begins to wake up
and move off. Then we
follow as they wander
into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either
feed or clean each other
as a way of showing
love in their family. Jane warns us that our group
is going to be very tired
and dirty by the
afternoon and she is right. However, the evening
makes it all worthwhile. We wa
tch the mother
chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see
them go to sleep together in
their nest for
the night. We realize that the bond between
members of a chimp family is as stro
ng as in a
human family.
Nobody before Jane fully
understood chimp behaviour. She spent years
observing and recordi
ng their daily
activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to
work with animals in their own en
vironment.
However, this was not easy. When she first arrived
in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual
for a woman
to live in the forest. Only after her mother came
to help her for the first few mont
hs was she
allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the
way people think about chimps.
For example,
one important thing she discovered was that chimps
hunt and eat meat. Until then
everyone had
thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She
actually observed chimps as a group h
unting a
monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how
chimps communicate with each oth
er, and her
study of their body language helped her work out
their social system.
For forty years Jane
Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest
of the world underst
and and respect the life
of these animals. She has argued that wild animals
should be left in the
wild and not used for
entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to
set up special places
where they can live
safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: I
stop, it all comes cr
owding in and I remember
the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It
affects me when I watch the
wild chimps. I say
to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?And then I think
about small chimps in cages th
ough they have
done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you
can never forget ...
She has achieved
everything she wanted to do: working with animals
in their own environme
nt, gaining a doctor's
degree and showing that women can live in the
forest as men can. She ins
pires those who want
to cheer the achievements of women.
WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?
I enjoyed
English, biology, and chemistry at school, but
which one should I choose to study
at
university? I did not know the answer until one
evening when I sat down at the computer to d
o
some research on great women of China.
By
chance I came across an article about a doctor
called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women'
s
diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed
that she had been very busy in her chosen
career, travelling abroad to study as well as
writing books and articles. One of them caught my
e
ye. It was a small
book explaining how
to cut the death rate from having and caring for
babies. She gave some
simple rules to follow
for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from
sickness. Why did she wri
te that? Who were the
women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?
I looked carefully at
the text and
realized that it was intended for women in the
countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergenc
y
they could not reach a doctor.
Suddenly it
hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get
medical training at that time. That
was a
generation when girls' education was always placed
second to boys'. Was she so much cl
everer than
anyone else? Further reading made me realize that
it was hard work and determinati
on as well as
her gentle nature that got her into medical
school. What made her succeed later o
n was the
kindness and consideration she showed to all her
patients. There was story after story
of how
Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late
at night to deliver a baby for a poor famil
y
who could not pay her.
By now I could not
wait to find out more about her. I discovered that
Lin Qiaozhi had devote
d her whole life to her
patients and had chosen not to have a family of
her own. Instead she m
ade sure that about
50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time
I was very excited. Why n
ot study at medical
college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good
work? It was still not too late
for me to
improve my studies, prepare for the university
entrance examinations, and….
必修4 Unit 2 A
PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of
China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping
considers himself a far
mer, for he works the
land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face
and arms and his slim,
strong body are just
like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for
whom he has struggled for the
past five
decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called
super hybrid rice. In 1974, he becam
e the
first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow
rice that has a high output. This special
strain
of rice makes it possible to produce
one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now
more th
an 60% of the rice produced in China
each year is from this hybrid strain.
Born
into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan
graduated from Southwest Agricultural Coll
ege
in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more
rice has been his life goal. As a young man,
he saw the great need for increasing the rice
output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing
probl
em in many parts of the countryside. Dr
Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests
witho
ut expanding the area of the fields. In
1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty
million tons
of rice. In a recent harvest,
however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice
was produced. The
se increased harvests mean
that 22% of the world's people are fed from just
7% of the farmland
in China. Dr Yuan is now
circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and
many other less devel
oped countries to
increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his
research, the UN has more tools in
the battle
to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice,
farmers are producing harvests twice
as large
as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with
his life. However, he doesn't care about being
famous. He feel
s it gives him less freedom to
do his research. He would much rather keep time
for his hobbles.
He enjoys listening to violin
music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
Spending money o
n himself or leading a
comfortable life also means very little to him.
Indeed, he believes that a p
erson with too
much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He
therefore gives millions of y
uan to equip
others for their research in agriculture.
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice
plants
as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as
an ear of corn and each grain of rice
was as
huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream
with the hope of producing a kind of
rice that
could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr
Yuan has another dream: to export
his rice so
that it can be grown around the globe. One dream
is not always enough, especially
for a person
who loves and cares for his people.
CHEMICAL
OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half
century, using chemical fertilizers has become
very common in farming. M
any farmers welcomed
them as a great way to stop crop disease and
increase production. Recen
tly, however,
scientists have been finding that long-term use of
these fertilizers can cause damag
e to the land
and, even more dangerous, to people's health.
What are some of the problems caused
by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the
land b
y killing the helpful bacteria and pests
as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay
in the gr
ound and underground water for a long
time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals
and huma
ns, since chemicals get inside the
crops and cannot just be washed off. These
chemicals in the f
ood supply build up in
people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals
can lead to cancer or
other illnesses. In
addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown
with chemical fertilizers usually
grow too
fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look
beautiful, but inside there is usually m
ore
water than vitamins and minerals.
With these
discoveries, some farmers and many customers are
beginning to turn to organic f
arming. Organic
farming is simply farming without using any
chemicals. They focus on keeping th
eir soil
rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces
disease and helps crops grow strong and
healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer
using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.
Th
ey feel that this makes the soil in their
fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.
This also kee
ps the air, soil, water and crops
free from chemicals.
Organic farmers also
use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.
They often change the
kind of crop in each
field every few years, for example, growing corn
or wheat and then the ne
xt year peas or
soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put
important minerals back into the
soil, making
it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need
rich and fertile soil. Organic far
mers also
plant crops to use different levels of soil, for
example, planting peanuts that use the
gr
ound's surface followed by vegetables that
put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer
pla
nting grass between crops to prevent wind
or water from carrying away the soil, and then
leaving
it in the ground to become a natural
fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many
different orga
nic farming methods have the
same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging
the environmen
t or people's health.
必修4
Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
As
Victor Hugo once said, is the sun that drives
winter from the human faceand
up to now nobody
has been able to do this better than Charlie
Chaplin. He brightened the lives
of Americans
and British through two world wars and the hard
years in between. He made peop
le laugh at a
time when they felt depressed, so they could feel
more content with their lives.
Not that
Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor
family in 1889. His parents wer
e both poor
music hall performers. You may find it astonishing
that Charlie was taught to sing as
soon as he
could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
Such training was common in ac
ting
families at this time, especially when the family
income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his
father died, leaving the family even worse off, so
Charlie spent his childhood looking after his
si
ck mother and his brother. By his teens,
Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the
m
ost popular child actors in England. He could
mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday
task
s. No one was ever bored watching him -his
subtle acting made everything entertaining.
As time went by, he began making films. He grew
more and more popular as his charming
c
haracter, the little tramp, became known
throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless
man
with a moustache, wore large trousers,
worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He
walked a
round stilly carrying a walking stick.
This character was a social failure but was loved
for his opti
mism and determination to overcome
all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind
even wh
en others were unkind to him.
How
did the little tramp make a sad situation
entertaining? Here is an example from one of
his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is
the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been
di
scovered in California. Like so many others,
the little tramp and his friend have rushed there
in s
earch of gold, but without success.
Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge
of a moun
tain during a snowstorm with nothing
to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a
pair of le
ather shoes for their dinner.
Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as
if they were spagh
etti. Then he cuts off the
leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest
steak. Finally he tries cu
tting and chewing
the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with
great enjoyment. The actin
g is so convincing
that it makes you believe that it is one of the
best meals he has ever tasted!
Charlie
Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he
starred in. In 1972 he was given a
special
Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived
in England and the USA but spent his l
ast
years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
He is loved and remembered as a great
actor
who could inspire people with great confidence.
ENGLISH JOKES
1 There are thousands of
jokes which use on wordsto amuse us. One person
asks a
question which expects a particular
reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of
answer which
makes the situation funny. Now
read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can
you match
the joke with the explanation?
1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I think!
2 C: What's
that?
W: It's bean soup.
C: I don't
want to know what it's been. I want to know what
it is now.
3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes
be long?
W: No, sir. Round.
2 Some
jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story.
The following is one of those jokes a
bout the
famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend
Doctor Watson. Read it and decide wh
ich of
these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give
your reasons.
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor
Watson went camping in a mountainous area. They
were lying i
n the open air under the stars.
Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and
whispered,
when you look at that beautiful
sky, what do you think of?Watson replied, think of
how short
life is and how long the universe
has , Watson!Holmes said. do you reall
y think
of?.Watson tried again. think of how small I am
and how vast the sky ,
Watson!said Holmes.
Watson tried a third time. think of how cold the
universe is and how w
arm people can be in
their said, you fool! You should be thinking that
s
omeone has stolen our tent!
必修4 Unit 4
COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?
Yesterday,
another student and I, representing our
university's student association, went to th
e
Capital International Airport to meet this year's
international students. They were coming to
stud
y at Beijing University. We would take
them first to their dormitories and then to the
student cant
een. After half an hour of waiting
for their flight to arrive, I saw several young
people enter the
waiting area looking around
curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and
then went to greet
them.
The first
person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,
closely followed by Julia Smith fro
m Britain.
After I met them and then introduced them to each
other, I was very surprised. Tony a
pproached
Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the
cheek! She stepped back appearing
surprised
and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed
that there was probably a major
mi
sunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan
came in smiling, together with George Cook from
Canada. As they were introduced, George
reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just
at
that moment, however, Akira bowed so his
nose touched George's moving hand. They both
apol
ogized - another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was
from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he mo
ved
very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved
back a bit, but he came closer to ask a
q
uestion and then shook my hand. When Darlene
Coulon from France came dashing through the
door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling
face. They shook hands and then kissed each other
t
wice on each cheek, since that is the French
custom when adults meet people they know.
Ahme
d Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at
the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other
Muslim c
ountries will often stand quite close
to other men to talk but will usually not touch
women.
As I get to know more international
friends, I learn more about this cultural
language
Not all cultures greet each other the
same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way
with t
ouching or distance between people. In
the same way that people communicate with spoken
lang
uage, they also express their feelings
using unspoken through physical distance,
action
s or posture. English people, for
example, do not usually stand very close to others
or touch stra
ngers as soon as they meet.
However, people from places like Spain, Italy or
South American co
untries approach others
closely and are more likely to touch them. Most
people around the world
now greet each other
by shaking hands, but some cultures use other
greetings as well, such as
the Japanese, who
prefer to bow.
These actions are not good or
bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
developed. I
have seen, however, that cultural
customs for body language are very general - not
all members
of a culture behave in the same
way. In general, though, studying international
customs can cert
ainly help avoid difficulties
in today's world of cultural crossroads!
SHOWING OUR FEELINGS
Body language is one of
the most powerful means of communication, often
even more power
ful than spoken language.
People around the world show all kinds of
feelings, wishes and attitude
s that they might
never speak aloud. It is possible to others around
us, even if they do no
t intend for us to catch
their unspoken communication. Of course, body
language can be misread,
but many gestures and
actions are universal.
The most universal
facial expression is, of course, the smile – its
function is to show happine
ss and put people
at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly
happy, however. Smiles ar
ound the world can be
false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or
worry. There are unhappy s
miles, such
as when someone faceand smiles to hide it.
However, the general purpose o
f smiling is to
show good feelings.
From the time we are
babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.
In most places ar
ound the world, frowning and
turning one's back to someone shows anger. Making
a fist and sha
king it almost always means that
someone is angry and threatening another person.
There are many ways around the world to show
agreement, but nodding the head up and do
wn is
used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people
also understand that shaking the head
from
side to side means disagreement or refusal.
How about showing that I am bored? Looking away
from people or yawning will, in most cas
es,
make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I
turn toward and look at someone or somet
hing,
people from almost every culture will think that I
am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn m
y
head away, I most likely do not believe what I am
hearing or do not like it.
Being respectful
to people is subjective, based on each culture,
but in general it is probably
not a good idea
to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost
every culture, it is not usually goo
d to stand
too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at
a little distance with open hands
will show
that I am willing to listen.
With so many
cultural differences between people, it is great
to have some similarities in bod
y language. We
can often be wrong about each other, so it is an
amazing thing that we underst
and each other as
well as we do!
必修4 Unit 5
THEME PARKS —
FUN AND MORE THAN FUN
Which theme park would
you like to visit? There are various kinds of
theme parks, with a dif
ferent park for almost
everything: food, culture, science, cartoons,
movies or history. Some parks
are famous for
having the biggest or longest roller coasters,
others for showing the famous sights
and
sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you
like, there is a theme park for you!
The
theme park you are probably most familiar with is
Disneyland. It can be found in several
parts
of the world. It will bring you into a magical
world and make your dreams come true, whet
her
traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or
meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney
ca
rtoon character. As you wander around the
fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White
o
r Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the
street. Of course Disneyland also has many
exciting rides,
from giant swinging ships to
terrifying free-fall drops. With all these
attractions, no wonder touris
m is increasing
wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to
have fun and more than fun, com
e to
Disneyland!
Dollywood, in the beautiful
Smoky Mountains in the southeastern
USA, is
one of the most unique theme parks in the world.
Dollywood shows and celebrates
America's
traditional southeastern culture. Although
Dollywood has rides, the park's main
attraction
is its culture. Famous country
music groups perform there all year in indoor and
outdoor theatre
s. People come from all over
America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make
wood, glass
and iron objects in the old-
fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the
same kind of candy tha
t American southerners
made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only
steam- engine train still
working in the
southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald
eagles in the world's largest bald
eagle
preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood
has one of the best old wooden roller
c
oasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for
having the most length in the smallest space. Come
to Dollywood to have fun learning all about
America's historical southeastern culture!
If you want to experience the ancient days and
great deeds of English knights and ladies,
pri
nces and queens, then England's Camelot
Park is the place for you. Every area of the park
is m
odelled after life in the days of King
Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one
place, yo
u can watch magic shows with Merlin
the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with
swords or on
horseback, then the jousting area
is a good place to visit. If you do well there,
King Arthur may
choose you to fight in the big
jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then
visit the farm area,
and learn how people in
ancient England ran their farms and took care of
their animals. To ente
r a world of fantasy
about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!
FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING
Last
week I took a journey deep into space, to the end
of the solar system, and was pulled
into a
black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and
experienced surviving an airplane crash in the
jungle. After that, I joined some divers and
went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange
blind
creatures that have never seen sunlight.
For a break, I took part in some car racing and
then s
kied down some of the most difficult
mountains in the world. I ended my travels by
meeting face
to face with a dinosaur, the
terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!
I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope.
Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the
lar
gest space-age parks in the world. This
science and technology-based theme park in France
uses
the most advanced technology. Its
3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand
new exp
eriences of the earth and beyond.
Visitors can get close to parts of the world they
have never ex
perienced, going to the bottom of
the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting
the edges of the
solar system. The amazing,
up-to-date information together with many
opportunities for hands-on
learning makes the
world come to life in a completely new way for
visitors. Learning centres thro
ughout the park
let visitors try their own scientific experiments,
as well as learn more about spac
e travel, the
undersea world and much mote.
I bought
tickets for myself and my friends at the park's
entrance, but tickets are also availabl
e
online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals,
but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning
fo
r class outings. Classes or other large
groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in
advance c
an get the group admission rate. For
anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has
many ex
cellent hotels nearby, most of which
provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving,
Futuroscope i
s within easy reach of the
freeway. Plan your trip well before starting,
since Futuroscope has so
many shows,
activities and great souvenir shops that it is
difficult to see them all. Come ready to
walk
a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers
or other walking shoes!