人教版英语七年级下册教材详解
雷锋纪念日-班级活动策划书
人教版英语七年级下册教材详解
Unit 1
国家
America; 美国
the United States(the U.S.A)
国家人
American
语言
English
某国的，
某国人的
American
British
French
Japanese
Chinese
Canadian
Britain英国；England;
Englishman English
the United Kingdom(the U.K.)
France 法国
Japan日本
China中国
Canada加拿大
Frenchman
Japanese
Chinese
Canadian
French
Japanese
Chinese
English, French
1、 live 动词，表“居住；生存”，短语有：
1) live on 以…为食；以…为生 Tigers live on meat.
2) live in 住在某地 He lives in Beijing.
2、
dislike 不喜欢（=don’tdoesn’tdidn’t like）如：I dislike
to go to the cinema.
3、 重点句子
1） Where is
he from ? = Where does he come from?
2） He is
from Japan. = He doesn’t come from Japan.
3）
Where does he live ? ----He lives in Tokyo.
4） Please write to me soon. (write to sb.
写信给某人= write a letter to sb.)
Unit 2
1、street 表“街道”，短语：on in the street 在街道上。
2、介词短语
⑴ near 在…附近 ⑵ next to 紧挨着 ⑶
across from在…对面
⑷ between ….and… 在Ａ和Ｂ之间
⑸
in front of 在…外面的前面 ：There is a tree in front of a
house.
⑹ in the front of在…里面的前面：The teacher is
in the front of the classroom.
⑺ behind
在…外面的后面：The ball is behind the door.
⑻ in the
back of 在…里面的后面 My friend sits in the back of the
classroom.
3、through, across，over,
和past都是介词，不能单独做谓语，必须与动词连用才能做谓语。
1）through
从物体内部穿过， 如：walk through a forest. 穿过一个森林
2）past 从物体外面绕过, 如：walk past a post office
经过一个邮局
3）across 从物体表面横穿，如：go across the road
横穿马路
4）over 从物体上空越过, 如：fly over the city 飞过城市
【注意】pass（经过），cross (横穿)
都是动词，可作谓语，相当于“动词+pastacross”.
如：①I pass (walk
past) a post office every day. ② Don’t cross (walk
across) the road.
4、straight ⑴形容词，笔直的，直的：She
has straight hair. 她长着直发。
⑵副词，直接地 Go
straight down the road and then turn left.
5、turn (1)动词，拐 turn left 向左拐 (2)名词，拐弯 No left
turn ! 禁止左拐弯
6、on the right 在右边， on the
left 在左边
7、open (1)动词，打开 Open the door.
(2)形容词，开着的 The door is open.
【注意】close 动词，关
→closed 形容词，关着的。The door is closed.
8、clean
(1)动词，打扫 He is cleaning the room. (2)形容词，干净的 The
room is clean.
9、Welcome to + 名词，表欢迎到某地
Welcome to China. 但Welcome back home.(home
为
副词，副词可以直接修饰动词。因此，前不用介词to)
10、enjoy doing
sth. 喜欢做某事 （enjoy 后只能接动名词v-ing）I enjoy .
(read)
11、walk 可作名词，如：take a walk 散步； twenty
minutes’ walk 20分钟的步行
12、beginning 名词，开始 It’s
a good beginning. 那是一个好的开端。
短语有：the beginning
of …的开始； at the beginning of 在,,, 的开始；
in
the middle of 在…的中间； at the end of 在…的最后
13、visit (1)及物动词 ①参观,访问visit Beijing ②探望 visit
my grandpa.
(2)名词，短语： on a visit to
参观某地
They are on a visit to Beijing. = They
are visiting Beijing.
14、have fun 玩得开心，过得愉快 =
enjoy oneself = have a good time
have fun
doing sth. 在做某事中过的很愉快 I have fun English.
(learn)
15、hope 希望，后不接双宾语，既不能说hope sb. to do
sth. 如：I hope him to help me.(×)
但可接宾语从句，此句可改为
I hope (that ) he can help me.
16、重点句子：
(1)问路 ①Where is the hotel ? ----It’s next to
behind in front of the school.
②
Can you tell me the way to the hotel ? (the way to
去某地的路)
(2) 指路 Go straight and turn left at New
Park . 笔直往前走，在新公园向左拐。
Go through Six Avenue
.穿过六街
Go down the street and it’s on your
left. 沿着街往下走，它在你的左边。
Unit 3
1、动物名称词 tiger,
elephant, dolphin, panda, lion, penguin企鹅,
giraffe长颈鹿, koala.树袋熊
2、形容词：cute可爱的, clever
聪明的，smart聪明可爱的, ugly 丑陋的，friendly
友好的；
beautiful 漂亮的；shy 害羞的； lazy 懒惰的。
3、(1)
other 形容词，别的，其他的。What other things do you want? =
What else do you want ?
(2) others
代词，还有一些。常与some 连用。（some…, some…,others…一些…., 一些…,
还有一些）如: There are many flowers, some are red,
some are white, others are yellow..
(3)
another 表又一个，另一个。Have another cup of tea.
再喝一杯茶（已经喝了几杯）
(4) the other （两者中）剩下的 I have
two pen,. One is red, the other (one ) is black.
(5) the others 其余的人或物 There is only ten
boys in my class, the others (=the other
students) are boys.
【注意】others 和 the
others 是代词，代替一些人或物。它们后不加名词，用法同名词性
物主代词（yours,
hers, ours….）
4、sleep 动词，睡觉。从上床到熟睡的过程有：
feel sleepy感到困倦→ go to bed上床→ fall asleep go to
sleep入睡→ be asleep sleeping
睡着了→wake up醒来→ be
awake醒着的
Last night, I felt sleepy. And I
went to bed early. After reading some stories, I
fell asleep.
When I was sleeping, the clock
woke me up. Since then, I was awake till the next
morning.
4、 during 表在…期间，常可以与in 替换。如：during
the day = in the day 在白天。
5、 at night = in the
night 在晚上
6、 relax 动词，放松，休息。We can
relax (ourselves) on weekends.
【扩展】relaxing
令人放松的，轻松的。Relaxed 感到放松的。加ing
表“令人…的”，加
ed表“感到…的”，类似的词有：exciting(令人兴奋的),
excited（感到兴奋的）;
interesting(令人感到有趣的)，interest
ed（感到有趣的），surprising 令人感到吃惊的，
surprised 感到吃惊的。
8、play with ⑴和某人玩 I like to play with you
（2）玩弄某物 Look, the boy is playing with a
basketball. (比较：play with a basketball玩篮球；play
basketball 打篮球)
9、重点句子：
(1) What animal do
you like ? 你喜欢什么动物？
(2) What other animals do
you like ? 你还喜欢别的什么动物？
(3) Why do you like
dogs? ---- Because they are friendly and clever.
(Why问句用because 答)
Unit 4
1、give sb.
sth 给某人某物 = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
Give
me the book. = Give the book to me.
2、put on
穿 → wear 穿着；
①He got up quickly, and
his uniform.
②Look, he is a uniform.
3、teach sb. sth. 教某人某事， 不能说成 teach one’s sth
教某人的某事。
Mr Liu teaches our English。（改错）→
。
4、kind of = a little一点 My work is kind of
dangerous.
A kind of 一种 Dogs are a kind of
friendly animals.
5、go out to dinners
到外面吃饭，下馆子。I’m busy, let’s go out to dinners.
6、重点句子：
（1）问职业：What does your father do ?
= What is your father’s job ? = What is your
father ?
（2）问理想：What do you want to be ?
你想成为什么？---I want to be a teacher.
（3）We have
a job for you as a waiter. (for表适合于；as 表作为 )
（4）Do you want to work for a magazine ? (work
for 为… 工作、效力)
（5）Do you like to work with
other young people ? (和某人一起工作，合作)
（6）Do you
want to be in the school play ? (be in 参加)
（7）We want a P.E. teacher to teach soccer.
(want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事)
Unit 5
1、介词on 还可以用于电子媒体前，如: on the phone, on TV, on
the radio, on the Internet; on the
computer .
题：I often learn English the radio. (A. in
B. on C. at )
2、wait
是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，须与for连用。 Wait me (×)→wait for me
(√)
3、去购物 = do some shopping
4、语法：现在进行时态结构：be (am, is , are) + v-ing.
现在进行时态用法：
⑴ 表示正在进行的动作
I am writing a
letter now. (常与now, listen, look 等词连用)
⑵
表示最近一直在做的一件事（但说话时不一定在进行）
I am reading Harry
Potter these days. （常与these days weeks 等连用）
⑶ 表示即将发生的动作
I am coming.
我马上来。（此类动词常表位置移动：go, leave for, visit, arrive 等）
⑷ 表示总是出现的事情（含有感情色彩，批评或表扬，常与always连用）
He is always borrowing money from me.
他老是找我借钱。（批评）
He is always helping
others. 他总是帮助别人。（表扬）
5、重点句子：
(1) What’s he
waiting for ? 等什么
(2) Who are they
talking to ? 和谁谈
(3) What are they talking
about ? 谈论什么
【注意】what和who 分别是代事物和人的疑问代词，作wait
for, talk to, talk about 的宾语，
而wait,
talk都是不及物动词，所以后要加介词，即 wait for what, talk to who,
talk about
what。 疑问代词还有，which, whom 等。
问时间when, 地点 Where，方式 how 等不是代替人或事物的词都是疑问副词，因为副
词
可以直接修饰动词，所以不及物动词可以直接使用，如:① Where are they
talking ?（ talk后
不带to）② When will he arrive ?
(arrive 后不加at, in )
（4）Here are some of my
photos. 我的照片中的一些在这儿。
【注意】of 可表“…中的…”，如; one of
…中之一；some of …中的一些；many of …中的
很多; most of
…中的大多数。Some ,many, most 也可以不与of 连用，后直接接名词， 如
some of my photos 或 some photos of mine, 不能说成
some my photos.
（5）I am with my sister Gina.
(be with sb 和某人在一起)
Unit 6
1、rain
(1)名词，雨 Don’t go out in the rain. It is a heavy
rain. (2) 动词，下雨 It is going to rain.
rainy
形容词，下雨的。It is rainyraining. I don’t like a rainy
day.
2. snow (1)名词，雪 Snow is white. (2)动词，下雪
It snowed heavily hard yesterday.
snowy
形容词，下雪的 It is snowy snowing.
3. cloud 名词，云→
cloudy 多云的； wind 风→ windy 有风的；sun太阳 →sunny 晴朗的
4. cook ①动词，煮，做饭。He is cooking. ②名词，厨师 My
father is a cook.
cooker 名词，炊具,锅 A cook uses
a cooker to cook meat.
5. study
和learn的区别，他们都表学习，常可互换，但study有研究意思，比learn
学得深
一些。I enjoy studying learning English.
6. Lie有平躺，位于的意思，lie还有撒谎的意思。Lay意思为放，搁，下蛋。其过去式、过
去分词、现在分词如下：
lie (平躺，位于)－lay－lain－lying
如：①He is lying on the beach. ② It lies in Hubei.
lie(撒谎)－lied－lied－lying 如：Don’t lie to me.
lay(放，搁，下蛋)－laid－laid－laying 如：He laid his
coat on the bed.
题：Don’t your coat
on the floor. It easily gets dirty.
A. lie
B. lay C. lied D. laid
7. Cool ①凉爽的
It’s cool in fall. ② 好极了 They look cool.
8.
heat ①名词，热量 I am surprised they can play in this
heat. (在这样的高温下)
②动词，给…加热 heat the milk
9. 短语：① On vacation 在度假 ② take a photo 拍照
③look at 朝…看
④have a goodgreatwonderful time
玩得高兴，过得愉快 = enjoy oneself = have fun.
⑤in this
heat. 在这样的高温下
10、重点句子：
(1)问天气: How’s the weather? = What’s the weather
like?---It’s sunnywindycloudyraining.
(2)How’s it going ? (你过得)怎样？---Pretty good相当好
Great很好 Not bad 还可以
Terrible 真糟糕
Review of units 1—6
1、describe 动词，描述 Words
can not describe my feelings. 言语不能描述我的感受。
description 名词, 描述 Your description of the man is
correct. 你对他的描述是正确的。
2、following
下面的，放于所修饰词前，如：the following words 下面的单词。同义词below(下
面的)和反义词above(上面的)都用于所修饰词后，如：the words below
above.
3、look for 寻找；find找到；I looked for it
everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
4、talk about 谈论； talk to with 和某人交谈
5、improve 动词，改善，提高。I tried my best to improve
my English.
6、in order to 表“为了”，后接动词原形。I get
up early in order to catch the early bus.
【扩展】⑴ in order to= so as to 表“为了，以便” 后都接动词原形,
否定形式分别为：
in order not to 和 so as not to 如：She
got up early in order to so as to catch the early
bus.
② in order to 可放句首，而so as to 不能。
③ so as to 可分开使用，而 in order to 不能。 如：
The
teacher spoke so slowly as to be understood by the
students.
(2) so that 和 in order
that 都表“为了，以便”后都接句子。
so
that引导的从句只能放在句中，而in order
that引导的从句既可放在句首也可放在句
中。另外，so
that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，例如：
① She got up
early so that in order that she could catch the
early bus. (为了，以便)
② Jack is badly ill so that
he has to rest. （因此）
Unit 7
1、popular
adj. 受欢迎的，流行的。短语：be popular with 受某人的欢迎
Li
Yuchun is popular with young people. 李宇春受年轻人的欢迎。
2、tall与high
都指高，但tall常用于人、树木等细长物（反义词short短、矮），high
用于
指物而不指人（反义词low低的）。如：a tall man, a high
mountain.
【扩展】tall high
是形容词，名词为height（高度），如：The mountain is high, the
height
of it is 5 kilometers above the sea.
类似的有：long 长的→ length 长度；
wide宽的→width
宽度；heavy重的 → weight重量
3、a little bit 一点儿
4、joke 名词，笑话。He loves to tell jokes（讲笑话）
【短语】play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 He likes to play
a joke on me.
5、stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情；stop
to do sth.= stop doing A to do B 停下来去做另件事
比较：stop talking （停止讲话）；stop to talk （开始讲话）。类似的有：
go on dong sth. 继续做某事（同件事）；go on to do sth.
接着去做某事（另件事）
题: ①You have worked for a long
time. You should stop (have) a rest.
② You should stop （smoke）.
It’s bad for your health.
7、 people 和 person
（1）person指人，是可数名词。指具体的人，侧重于个体，无男女性别之分，常和数
词
连用，一般用于数目不大且比较精确的场合。例如：
A young person
came in. 一位年轻人走了进来。
（2）people
泛指人们，是集体名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Some
people speak French in this country. 在这个国家一部分人讲法语。
【扩展】people还可表示民族；种族，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。例如：
There are fifty-six peoples in China.中国有56个民族。
题：① The on the bike is my sister.
② There are a lot of in the room.
8、
look 除作动词“看”，还可作名词，常用复数，表“长相”。如：She has good
looks.
8、remember 动词，记得。remember doing sth.
记得做过某事（做过）；remember to do sth.
记
得要去做某事（事还没做）。类似用法的动词有 forget doing sth.
忘记做过某事；forget to
do sth. 忘记要做某事。如：
① I
remember forget telling you.我记得忘记告诉过你了 (告诉你已经发生过)
；
② I will remember to tell you. = I won’t
forget to tell you我将记得告诉你。(目前还没告诉)
10、not …any
more
(1) not...any more = no more表示次数不再继续；如：
I won’t be late any more. = I will be no more
late.
(2) not ...any longer = no
longer表示时间不再继续。如：
You are not a child any
longer. = You are no longer a child.
11、nobody= not anybody 没人 There is nobody in
the room. = There is not anybody in the room.
12、Class Five, Grade Nine = Class 5，Grade 9
(九年级5班)
【注意】专有名词要大写，名词在前，数字在后，前不用 the .
题：She is in . A. room 102 B. 102
Room C. the Room 102 D. Room 102
13、Yes,
that’s her. 那就是她。 It’s me. 是我。（用代词宾格her, me ）
14、the captain of …的队长 He is the captain of
basketball team. (captain 还表“船长，机长”)
15、重点句子
（1）问长相：What does he look like ?----He is of
medium height build. 他中等身高体型。
短语: be
of medium height build 中等身高体型
（2）She is tall.
She has curly hair. 她很高，长着卷发。
动词be
后常接形容词作表语，用来描述主语是怎样的。have
除了表“吃喝；有”的
意思外，还可以表“长着”，He has two big eyes.
Unit 8
1、drink 除了表“喝”，还可以作名词，表饮料，常用复数。
2、不可数名词不能直接用数词来修饰，须与数量词连用，结构为：数词+量词+of +名词。
如a cup of tea → two cups of tea 两杯茶; a
bowl of rice → two bowls of rice两碗米饭
a bag of
salt → two bags of salt两袋盐; a bottle of water →
two bottles of water 两瓶水
【注意】数词大于1，量词要用复数，但不
可数名词没有复数。可数名词也可以与数量词
连用，但要用复数形式。如：a bag of
apples → two bags of apples
题：Would you
give me________, please?
A. two papers B.
two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D.
two pieces of papers
3、would like (想要)= want
后接名词或动词不定式，即：would like to do sth. 想去做某事。
如：I’d like to play basketball with you.
4、重点句子：
（1）问种类：What kind of noodles would
you like ?---I’d like beef noodles.
（2）问尺寸:
What size bowl of noodles would he like ?---He’d
like a small medium large
bowl of noodles.
Unit 9
1、what about = how about
用来询问“... 怎么样?”，about是一个介词，后接动词ing。如：
What
about playing basketball ? --- Good idea.
2、stay at home 呆在家里
3、do some reading 阅读
（类似的短语有：do some shopping 购物；）
4、practice
动词，练习。 practice doing sth. 练习做某事。 （只能接动名词，不接不定式的
动词有： enjoy喜欢,
finish完成，practice练习,；allow允许，consider考虑, discuss讨论
advise建议； mind介意, stand忍受）
题：① I enjoy
(practice) (speak ) English every day.
② You have finished (read). Would
you mind (lend) it to me ?
5、辨析take；cost；spend；pay
主语为人的有spend和pay；主语为物的有cost；主语常为“it”的有take.
(1) spend表“某人花费时间或金钱做某事在某事上”，用于：
Sb spend
some money time (in) doing sth. 或 Sb spend some
money time on sth
(2) pay常表“某人花钱买某物”。用于：Sb.
pay some money for sth.
(3) cost
常表“某物花费某人某些钱”，用于：Sth. cost sb. some money.
(4) take尤指“做某事花费某人某些时间”, 常用于：It takes sb some
time to do sth
【例题】How much money did you
in fixing your watch?
A. cost B. pay
C. spend
6、go for a walk 去散步
7、study
for a test 复习备考
8、It’s time to do sth. = It’s
time for sth. 该是…的时候了。
如: It’s time to go to
school. = It’s time for school. 该上学了。
9、suggestion 和 advice 都表“建议”，但suggestion
是可数名词，而advice 是不可数名词。
题：I have a to
make.
10、重点句子：
（1）What did you she they
do last weekend ? ---I She They went to movies.
（2）I have no friends = I don’t have any
friends.
He want to do nothing. = He doesn’t
want to do anything.
【总结】可以在动词后接否定的宾语，也可以用助动词否定动词。完成下题目：
① He
have money. = He has money.
②
He knows nobody in the town. = He know
in the town.
11、语法：一般过去时态
Unit 10
1、fantastic 极好的= great , 如：It was a fantastic
great movie.
2、expensive 昂贵的，反义词：cheap
3、think of 想起 ；考虑，认为 > think about 考虑，认为
4、in the corner of a room 在房间的角落里； on the
corner of a street 在街道拐角。
5、decide 决定，用法：
(1) decide on sth 选定决定某事物：We will try to decide on
a school.
(2) decide to do sth. = decide on
doing sth. 决定去做某事 I decide to study hard.
6、crowd ①动词，拥挤 ②名词，群 → crowded 形容词，拥挤的
⑴crowd around 拥挤在…的周围 A crowd of people
corroded around him.
⑵a crowd of 一群, 一堆
There are a crowd of people in the room.
⑶be crowded with 挤满了… The room
was crowded with people.
⑷crowded 拥挤的, 挤满的
a crowded train
7、discuss doing sth.
讨论做某事：They discussed (sell) the house.
8、be get lost丢失了；迷路了 ①My keys are lost.② The
boy was lost.
9、重点句子
（1）Where did you go
on vacation？ 你去哪里度假？---I went Summer Palace.
（2）I found a small boy crying in the corner.
(句型：find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事)
（3）I walk
back to the hotel. (walk to 走向… walk back to
走回…)
Unit 11
1、can’t stand doing sth.
无法忍受做某事 I can’t stand listening to the loud music.
can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 The movie
is so moving that I can’t help crying.
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地去做某事 I can’t wait to
fly there.
2、Would you mind (not)doing sth.
你介意(别)做某事吗？（礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事）
回答去做的有：Not at all 或
Of course not或 Certainly not 回答不去做的有:Sorry，I
won’t .Yes, please don’t. You’d better not.
Would you mind myme smoking here?(常用物主代词 my,
her, his, our 等，很少用代词宾
格me, he, us 等)
1、 in
fact 事实上 In fact, you are wrong.
4、agree 的用法：
(1) agree with 后常接人或what引导的从句，表同意某人，如：
①I
agree with you. ②I agree with what you said.
(2) agree to sth.，表“同意某事”，接表示建议、计划、条件、安排等的词。如：
I agree to the plan.
(3) agree to do sth
表“同意去做某事”，如：I agree to help you.
(4) agree on
about sth. 关于某事方面表示同意，如：I agree on the matter.
5、sunglass（眼镜），常用复数并用 a pair of（一副，一双）修饰，a
pair of sunglasses.
6、a thirteen-year-old boy
一个13岁大的男孩 （连接号构成的词视为一个形容词，形容词
没有复数，所以year不加s.
但用于短语时要加s）
题：He is a boy. = He
is thirteen old.
7、重点句子:
(1)
What do you think of sports shows? = How do you
like sports shows? 你认为…怎样？
---- I don’t
mind them. I can’t stand them. I love them. I
think they are exciting.
(2) Cooking is
for moms. 做饭是妈妈们的事。
(3) I enjoy nice words
about my looks. 我爱听有关我长相的好话。
(4) I don’t
mind what people think of me . 我不介意人们怎样看我。
Unit 12
1、fight（打架，战斗）用法有：
①fight
against 为反对…而斗争
They fought against the
government.他们反对政府而战
②fight for 为(支持)…而斗争
They fought for freedom. 他们为自由而战
③fight with 同…战斗打架
He often fights
with his brother.
2、have to 和must
have to强调客观上“不得不”做某事；must指主观上“必须”做某事。have
to有人称和数、
时态的变化。而must没有人称或数的变化。例如：
（1）He has
to go there．（人称数的变化）
（2）He had to pay for it.
(时态的变化)
可以把have to 当做行为动词对待。对它提问和否定用助动词。Does
she have to study hard.
She doesn’t have to
study hard.
3、描述禁止的标志牌可以用“No + 名词动名词”，或“Don’t
+动词原形”。如：
①No talking = Don’t talk ②No
photos= Don’t take photos
③ No parking =
Don’t park cars here. ④ No left turn = Don’t turn
left
4、order = book 预定，order book a room for
sb. 为某人定一个房间。
5、重点句子：
（1）What are the
rules at your school ? 你们学校的规则有哪些？
（2）Can
sb. do sth.? 问某人能不能做某事?
（3）Do Does sb. have
to do sth ？问某人是不是不得不做某事 ？
（4）What else do
you have to do ? 你还不得不做什么？（What else 的用法）
6、祈使
句用以表达命令，要求。表肯定的祈使句常以动词原形开头，否定的祈使句只要在
动词原形前加“Don
’t”，如：Stand up → Don’t stand up. 也可以把“please”放前。如：
Please stand up.→ Please don’t stand up.