公司制度-班级文化建设标语

（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
Unit1 People of Achievement
Reading and Thinking P2

TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖

6 October 2015

This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou
(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for
malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for
millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about
600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is
thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
今年的诺贝尔生 理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发
现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟 疾的新疗法。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，并改善了数百
万人的健康状况。全世界每年有超过2亿人罹 患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为
治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救1 0万人的生命。

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December
1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she
worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese
government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for
malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou
went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she
became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to
find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical
texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they
discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in
the fight against malaria.
屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家 ，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业
于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中 国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了
一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦 呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开
始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。1 969年，她成为北京项
目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她 的团队查阅
了2000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。在他们 的研究
中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet
wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found
no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to
treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not
acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one
sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the

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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to
draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the
team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the
medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria
patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a
standard treatment for malaria.
一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发 烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青
蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提 取的液体来治疗疟疾，
但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分 析了一遍
医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了
190多 次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身
上测试药物，以确 保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试
患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿 素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。

According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that
she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team
behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional
Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to
be spread around the world.”
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己 被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：
“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。 这一成功证明
了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”

Using Language P8

THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
一个改变了我们对宇宙的认识的人

Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered
one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the
most well- known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. Einstein
was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦，也许是近代物理学界最伟大的科 学家，常被认为是有史以来最聪
明的人之一。他为世界做出了无数的贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和 著名的E=mc 2公
式。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，他还是一位勇敢善良的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。

This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to
enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance
exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year,
he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁那年，他试图进入瑞士的大 学
学习，尽管在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于在入学考试中，他的综合部分分数
很 低，没有通过。在又学习了一年后，他成功地通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年

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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
毕业。

After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss
patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study,
earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year
in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became
famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his
job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the
1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
在找了两年老师的工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局做了一份文员的工作。在那里工作 期
间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年，也就是
后来被誉为科学界的奇迹之年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐以 新艾萨
克-牛顿 的 身份在全世界范围内闻名。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做
全职研究。1922年，他 因对光电效应的解释，获得了1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was
Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence he had to flee
Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great
achievements in physics and mathematics.
1933年，希特勒在德国上台后，情况发生 了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机
构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲呆了 一段时间后，他终于在美国普
林斯顿高级研究所担任研究员。此后，他继续在物理学和数学方面取得巨大 的成就。

To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick
moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an
electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends birthdays.
But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story
about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.
In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help
explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I
am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”
在公众眼里，他是一个长 相略显古怪，但善良风趣的人。他留着浓密的小胡子，长长的
白头发，有时还像刚被电击过一样，长长长 的白头发竖起来，好像刚被电击过一样。虽然他
是个天才，但他有时也会忘记一些事情，比如朋友的生日 。但是，尽管他的性格有些怪癖，
但他却深受朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至还有一个故事，说他曾帮助过一 个敲开他家门的小女
孩，让他帮忙做作业。其实，爱因斯坦在街上经常会遇到一些人拦住他，请他帮忙解 释事情。
经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：对不起! 对不起! 总是把我误认为是爱因斯坦教
授!

On 18April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world
mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世 界都为这位杰出的科学家的逝世而
哀悼。


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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译

Unit2 Looking Into the Future
Reading and Thinking P14

SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER

智能家居让生活更轻松

Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to
switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources,
and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in
smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV
when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more
comfortable environment to live in.
你有没有曾忘记锁门？或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？这种事情经常发生在 我们
身上，浪费资源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当
我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门；当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。这些
智能住宅将使 我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。

Intelligent Controls
智能控制

Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls
for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day
for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated
sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all
by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home
will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you
get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your
favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All
controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say
aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器 。在未来，我们每天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感
器来告诉 你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开
和关闭开关。你的家也 会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为
你准备好。你一进家门，灯就会亮起 ，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且
你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。并且你会发现你 的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会
响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声 说出你想要什么，家庭系统就
会服从。

Regular Health Checks
定期健康检查

In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for

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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If
you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give
you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping
constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal
or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健 康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质
量。它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题， 它会向你的手机发送警告。它还
会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录 你的健康状况。如
果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可 能挽
救你的生命。

No More Disasters
没有更多的灾难

Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water
pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and
provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before
your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
智能家居将能够防止事故造成 的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的
智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息 。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解
决这个问题。

This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available
and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. < br>这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。从这
种意义上来 讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术
还需要几年的时间。



Using Language P20

Should We Fight New Technology
我们应该与新技术对抗吗？

This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless
Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing
driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be
dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper
reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the
deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people
would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon
今天早上，我看到了令人震惊的头条新闻。无人驾驶汽车撞死了乘客。在文章中，不

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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
同的人说，公众应该反对发展无人驾驶汽车的想 法。他们说，有些科技进步是没有必要的，
甚至会有危险。因此，我们应该停止接受技术，不要因为技术 是新的，就停止接受它。据该
报报道，汽车公司已经就此次事故道歉，但死者家属表示，这还不够。尽管 如此，该公司仍
然声称，大多数人很快就会有一天乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。

On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live
happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group
of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet.
They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the
same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,
family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives
of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish's quality of life is better since they
live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
一方面，世界上有很多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下生活得很幸福。最为 人
所知的可能是阿米什人，这是一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们不拥有或驾驶汽车，不看
电 视，也不使用互联网。他们自18世纪以来主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们
很可能也会以同 样的方式生活。他们崇尚简朴的生活，强调勤劳、家庭和社区。他们认为这
比关心奢侈品或追随名流富人 的生活要好。甚至可以说，阿米什人的生活质量更高，因为他
们生活在自然环境中，欣赏自然环境，而不 是生活在污染严重的大城市，所以生活质量更好。

On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits
over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots
of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has
made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides
of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to
make larger networks of friends through using social media.
另一方面，这些年来，新技术给各地的人们带来了很多好处。例如，最新的天气追踪计< br>算机程序给人们提供了很多关于潜在的自然灾害的预警，挽救了很多人的生命。此外，互联
网使人 们的朋友和家人即使身处天涯海角，也可以很容易地保持联系。它还使人们可以通过
社交媒体结交更多的 朋友，使人们在生活中寻找机会变得更加容易。

Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an
Al designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has
also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the
way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of
change and accept it rather than resist it.
就我个人而言，我从科技的进步中受益颇多。我 是通过社交媒体网络找到了自己的职业
--Al设计师。我一直戴着的健康监测仪，也帮助我进入了人生 的最佳状态。当然，当新技术
改变了我们的生活方式，这可能是一个可怕的前景。尽管如此，我还是会始 终从积极的一面
去看待变化，接受它而不是抵制它。





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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
Unit3 Fascinating Parks

Listening and thinking P26

Sarek National Park--Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure

萨勒克国家公园——欧洲隐藏的自然宝藏

1 A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is
brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle,
where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent
and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow
through the valley below. I’m in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place
with no roads or towns.
风噼里啪啦地拍打着我的 帐篷，我在这声音中醒来。即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上
还是晚上。我在北极圈上方，夏天太阳永不 落山。我看了看手表，发现已经是早上7：30。
我离开帐篷，走到山边。拉帕河的支流在我面前展开， 流经下面的山谷。我身处瑞典北端遥
远的萨勒克国家公园，一个既没有道路也没有城镇的地方。

2 A Land of Mountain and Ice
Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice
melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the
reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult,
so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national
park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their
traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is banned
within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by,
there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.
萨勒克的山脉曾经被巨大的冰层覆盖。大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约
10 0条冰川。不久之后，驯鹿来到这里。在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家
落户。到达这里 相当困难，所以除了萨米人以外，很少有人见过萨勒克。1909年，萨勒克
被列为国家公园，以保持该 土地的自然状态。虽然萨米人被允许在公园里继续他们的传统生
活方式，但其他人不可以在这里生活，公 园范围内的一切新开发项目都被禁止了。在山谷的
另一边，可以看到一座古老的萨米人小屋。附近，有几 只驯鹿在草地上觅食。

3 Man at Peace with Nature
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. They used the
reindeer’s meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making clothes and tents. Since
reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.
Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life just like their
neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of
Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I’
ve adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed
over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my

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tent.
数百年来，照 顾驯鹿一直是萨米人的生活方式。他们用驯鹿肉做食物，用鹿骨做工具，
用鹿皮做衣服和帐篷。由于驯鹿 总在移动，萨米人会收拾他们的帐篷并一路陪伴它们。如今，
大多数萨米人在萨勒克附近的村庄有房子， 并且与他们邻居一样过着现代化的生活。但每年
春天，仍有少数萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨勒克山谷， 住在帐篷或旧农舍里，享受他们的
传统。我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我已经接受了他们的一些习惯。例 如，今天早上，我的
早餐是在火上烤的扁面包，驯鹿肉干，还有一些我在帐篷附近找到的酸甜浆果。

4 A Land of Adventure
After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my food and
supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like yesterday, it will be
full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of
the valley. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel
blessed to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoying
this great adventure. What could be better?
早餐过后，我收拾行李，再次出发。由于我必须随身携带所有的食物和用品，我的包大
概有30公斤重。如果今天和昨天差不多，那将会充满汗水和艰辛，因为我要徒步跨越这片
地形 艰险的土地，到达峡谷另一端的目的地。但是，我不能抱怨。身处这样一个美丽而荒凉
的地方，我感到活 着是幸运的。我独自一人在这广阔的天空下，呼吸着新鲜的空气，享受着
这伟大的冒险。还有什么能比这 更好的？


Using Language P31

Theme Parks
主题公园
Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with
different parks for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons movies, history, and so on.
Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing
famous sights and sounds. Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park
that will appeal to you.
你喜欢参观哪一个主题公园呢?主题公园的种类繁多，不同 的公园有不同的主题，几乎
囊括了一切:食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影或历史。有一些公园以拥有最大 或最长的过山
车而闻名，有些则展示了文化中那些著名的声音和视觉景象。不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么 ，
总会有适合你的主题公园。
The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, which can be found in
several parts of the world. Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your
childhood dreams come true. Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an
adorable fairytale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland. As you wander around the
fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the
street. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging
ships to scary free fall drops. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland
你最熟悉的主题公园可能是迪斯尼乐园，世界上好几个地方都 有迪斯尼乐园。无论你是
在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人 物，迪斯尼

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会把你带到魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变为現实。 当你在梦幻乐园漫步时，你可能公在游行队
伍中或者大街上看到白雪公主或老鼠。当然，迪士尼乐园里还 有很多刺激的游乐项目供你娱
乐，从巨大的摇摆船到恐怖的自由落体，都可以让你乐在其中。如果你想玩 得开心，且有更
多的收获，那就来迪士尼乐园吧。

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is unique because it
shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Famous country music groups
put on performances there all year round, indoors and outdoors. People come from all over
America to see skilled workers make wood, glass and iron objects in the old- fashioned way.
Visiting the candy shop and trying some of the same kind of candy that American southerners
made 150 years ago is a rare experience. Riding on the only steam engine still working in the
southeastern United States is a special treat. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has a
superb old wooden roller coaster, Thunderhead. It is word-famous for having the longest track in
the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical
southeastern culture.
位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉的多莱坞，因展示和庆祝美国传统东南文化而独 树一
帜。著名的乡村音乐团体全年都在那里举行室内外演出。人们从美国各地来到这里，是为了
看到熟练工人用老式的方法制作木材、玻璃和铁器。参观糖果店并尝试一些150年前美国南
方人制作的 糖果是一种罕见的经历。坐在美国东南部唯一仍在运转的蒸汽机上是一种特殊的
享受。对于那些喜欢坐过 山车的人，多莱伍德有一个很棒的老式木制过山车，雷暴云砧。它
以在最小的空间中有最长的音轨而闻名 。来多莱坞了解美国东南部的历史文化吧。

Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in Zhuhai, China, is one of the leading ocean-themed parks in the
world. Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium-the world's largest-and see up to 20,
000 fish, in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length. Watching the dolphin and sea lion
shows is both educational and fun. Of course, you can also see all kinds of interesting animals,
including polar bears. The park has more rides than you can imagine: join a water fight against
pirates, get turned upside down by an exciting roller coaster, or get wet in one of the water rides!
Then at night, see the splendid Journey of Lights Parade and fireworks display Hungry? The park
has plenty of restaurants with tasty food for every appetite—you can even eat while watching
the fish swim by. If it is ocean entertainment that you are looking for, come to Chimelong Ocean
Kingdom!
位于中国珠海的奇美隆海洋王国，是世界上首屈一指的海洋主题公园。在这 里，你可以
走到世界上最大的鲸鲨水族馆下，除了看到一条68米长的鲸鲨外，还可以看到多达2万条< br>鱼。观看海豚和海狮表演，既益智又有趣。当然，您还可以看到各种有趣的动物，包括北极
熊。园 区内的游乐设施之多超乎您的想象：参加水上对抗海盗的战斗，乘坐一辆刺激的过山
车，或者在水上游乐 设施中淋湿衣服！然后，您还可以在园区内欣赏到绚丽多彩的海洋世界。
到了晚上，还可以看到绚丽的 灯光之旅 巡游和烟花表演，饿了吗？园区内有很多餐厅，
提供适合各种胃口的美味食物，您甚至可以一 边吃东西一边看鱼儿游来游去。如果您想看海
洋娱乐，就来奇美隆海洋王国吧!



Unit4 Body Language

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Listening and thinking P38

Listening to How Bodies Talk

倾听身体的诉说

We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our
interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching
their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move
their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
在与他人 交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察别
人的身势语，我们可以了解 很多他们的想法。言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移
动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情 绪。

Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is
using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making
eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In
other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle
Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it
may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相
适应。例如，在有些国家，眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛——是表现兴趣的一种方式。相反，
在 另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，男女不允许在社交场合
进行眼神交流。 在日本，和年长的人讲话时，目光向下以表示尊敬。

The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who
witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person
encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid
making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
“ OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，如果看到另一个人用这个手
势，可能认为这意味 着钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。但是在
巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个 手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。

Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries,
shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and
southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we
touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we
meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek
when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the
head when they meet someone else.
甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势，在世界各地也不 同。在许多国家，摇头表
示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种 手势的含义
是相反的。差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们与谈话对象的距离，以及我们见面或告< br>别时的行为。在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其
他地方 ，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。

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Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together
and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of
saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的含义。双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时 闭上眼睛表示
“睡觉”。用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示“我饱了”。

Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile
can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can
breakdown barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to
start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel
happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing
the smiling face of a good friend.
有些身势语有许 多不同的用途。最好的例子也许是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，
在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑 可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，跟某人打招呼，
寻求帮助或者开始对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑 来让自己更快乐、更坚强。而且如果我们感
到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。

Using Language P43

How Do I Know My Students?
我如何了解我的学生？

As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my
students. Many students are quite shy and don't speak all that much. At the same time, in a
classroom of more than forty students, it is hard to have many one- on-one conversations with
each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick? < br>作为一名教育工作者，经常有人问我如何了解学生的思想动态。很多学生都比较腼腆，
不怎么说话 。同时，在四十多个学生的教室里，很难和每个人进行很多一对一的交谈。那么，
如何才能真正了解每个 学生的特点呢？

My answer? I look at their body language
我的答案是什么？我看他们的肢体语言

It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and
make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they
look confused. I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward
and look at me. People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a
student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the
minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are probably
writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
Some students look up, but there is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they
always have the same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep with their
eyes open.

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学生对某堂课感兴趣是很容易识别的。大多数人 会抬起头来，进行眼神交流。当我讲笑
话时，他们会微笑。当我讲到一些困难的东西时，他们会显得很困 惑。然而，我知道什么时
候学生真的感兴趣，因为他们会向前倾，看着我。人们有一种倾向，就是对任何 他们感兴趣
的东西都会往前靠。所以，如果一个学生低着头看表，就意味着他很无聊，只是在计算下课< br>的时间。如果两个朋友的头靠在一起，可能是在给对方写纸条。当然，并不是每个抬头的人
都在上 课时专心听讲。有些学生抬起头来，但没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上总
是带着同样的冷漠表 情。就好像他们睁着眼睛在睡觉一样。

Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time looking anywhere
but at me. Then again, some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming. With their chins on
their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are
certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted
students that they need to pay attention in class.
一些学生被其他事情逗乐了。他们总是在看 任何地方，就是不看我。有些学生最喜欢的
活动是做白日梦。他们用手托着下巴，通过盯着窗外或天花板 来充实自己。他们当然对某些
东西感兴趣，但谁知道是什么呢? 最主要的是提醒分心的学生，他们需要在课堂上专心听讲。

While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is
sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students who are angry,
afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs
closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or worried will nearly
always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or
ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the
teacher. However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from
weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having
serious conflicts with other students or at home. Whatever it is, I know I need to inquire and
assess what is going on.
虽然很容易 察觉到学生什么时候感兴趣、无聊或心不在焉，但有时要区分学生什么时候
有烦恼就难多了。生气、害怕 、焦虑的学生可能会双手交叉在胸前，双腿合拢或交叉，像是
在保护自己的身体。悲伤或担忧的学生几乎 都会皱着眉头。他们也会用手掩面，像是感到尴
尬或羞愧。有些学生之所以有这样的行为，只是因为他们 害怕被老师叫住。但是，如果一个
学生不屑于梳理自己的头发，而且眼睛哭得通红，那么我可以推断出有 更深层次的问题在作
祟。可能是她与其他同学或家里发生了严重的矛盾。不管是什么，我知道我需要询问 和估算
发生了什么。

Ultimately, my duty is helping every student to learn. Their body language lets me know
when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so
they can get the most out of school. Reacting to body language is an important component of
being a teacher.
最终，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候应该调整课堂
活动，什么时候 应该干预，什么时候应该与学生单独交谈，这样他们就能从学校得到最大的
收获。对肢体语言做出反应是 作为一名教师的重要组成部分。

Unit5 Working the Land

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Listening and thinking P50

A Pioneer for All People

造福全人类的先驱者

Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous
scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his
research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom
he has devoted his life.
袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他
为之奉献 了一生的千百万中国农民一样。

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in
science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose
to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然 而，最让
他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。

After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields
were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this,
could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could
be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a
species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional
crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice
was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid
rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output
greatly.
19 53年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面
积，而是农民们需要 提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有
挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以 在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两
个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点 是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是
否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充 满争议的问题。人们普遍认为
这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1 974年研制出了
第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产 量。

Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is
comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s
farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed
not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.
Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in

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China and abroad.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，
这些品种(形 成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助
养活了中国，也养活了许 多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的
贡献。袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项 。

Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to
a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at
heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large
donations to support agricultural research.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 然而，
事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不
太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。

What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.
Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom,
and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could
feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a
reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for
rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision,
and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前 ，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻
穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多 人口的水稻。
他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地 ，
用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下
一 步的梦想。
Using Language P55

Chemical Versus Organic Farming

化学与有机农业的比较

Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the
middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a
great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some
scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples’
health.
自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开 始使用的
时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，< br>一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,
but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water
sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and
humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even
cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of

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（2019新人教版）高中英语选择性必修一课文翻译
the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown
with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside,
but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as
well.
例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破 坏土地。
此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。
事实上 ，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化
肥，使用化肥种植 的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是
必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道 往往也较差。
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have
turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming
without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease
through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as
fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and
crops free of chemicals.
作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择
有机食品 。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持
土壤肥沃和没有疾病。 例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地
里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还 能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the
kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field
one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put
important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops.
Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For
example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots.
The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage
to the environment or to people's health.
有机农民还使用许多其 他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。他们经常改变每年在每块田里种植的
作物种类。例如，他们可能会在某块田里 种植玉米或小麦，然后在第二年种植豆类。为什么
要种植不同的农作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质释放 回地里，让它再次为下一批农作物做
好准备。有机耕种的农民还种植多样化的作物，利用不同深度的土壤 来帮助保持土壤的肥沃。
例如，花生生长在地表，但许多其他蔬菜却把根扎得很深。使用不同的有机耕作 方法的目的
是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.
What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for
food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there
is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while
keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
有些人希望在农业中完全停止使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是 ，化学农业服
务于全世界对食物的高需求。有机农业远远不能满足这种需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解
决方案，既能让餐桌上有足够的食物，又能让人们和环境尽可能地保持健康，还有很长的路
要走 。

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