小学英语大全讲解
投诉信怎么写-关于时间的名人名言
词法复习第一组 名词篇
1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
2.可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有可数形式，不
可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形
式
many+可数名词复数
mucha little+不可数名词
some, any , a lot of
(lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3.可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词
对可数名词的数量提问用how
many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：
1） some, much ,a
little ,a lot of ,a bit of ,plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a
lot of,lots
of ,most of 等。
如there is
much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell
you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。
1）单数
如 a
desk（一张桌子）
an old desk（一张旧书桌）
2）复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式
规则变化
1）一般情况下加-s
如book--books（书） desk--
desks（书桌）
2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es
如box--
boxes（盒子） bus--buses(公共汽车)
注意①以 th 结尾加-s,
month--months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市)
country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es
如knife-
knives(书) , half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife
,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)
5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es
如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)
potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-
photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)
kilo-
kilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不规则变化
1) 元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人)
， woman--women(妇女)
tooth--teeth(牙齿) ，foot--
feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠) ，policeman--
policemen(警察)
policewoman--policewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩) ， ox--
oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼)
，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，chinese--
chinese(中国人)
yuan--yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)
注意
①不说an english，要说anenglishman.
②fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。
fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。
如people(人，人们)these people
(不说a people，可说a person)
police(公安，警察)ten
police
(不说a police，可说a policeman)
5)
由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
，
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
注意
以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如 boy student-boy students(男学生)
girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)
7)
有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair ofscissors(一把剪
刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装
裤)compasses(两脚
规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings
(储
蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数
形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成
men(women)。
如englishman--englishmen(英国人)
frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german不是复合词，它的复数是germans
TIME TO
PRACTICE:
__________ still some apple juice in
the fridge. It’s not necessary for us togo
to
the supermarket now.（2013南京中考题）
A. was
B. were C.
is D. are
2.当代的汽车由于耗油量太大正陷入困境之中。
Today’s car are
_____ ______ because they use too much
gas.(第十五届新课标五级考试原
题）
3.“Excuseme, are
you _______? ”
“No,we are _______. ”
an,
Englishman B. American,Germans
an, Germen
D. Englishman,Americans
词法复习第一组 形容词篇
语法点：
1. 形容词的比较级变化规则
1. 一般单音节词+ er
strong—stronger，high—higher
，slow—slower，great—greater
2.
单音节并以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的词，双写末尾辅音字母再+er
hot—hotter,big—bigger
3. 双音节以y结尾的词，去掉y
再+ier
pretty—prettier,early—earlier
4.
一般两个或两个以上音节的词，前面+ more
expensive—more
expensive
5. 不规则词
goodwell—better;
badill—worse;
far—fartherfurther,little—less,o
ld—older(较老的）elder（年长的）
（1）.形容词原级的基本用法
①
as…as… 像……一样
structure： A +be 动词 + as + 形容词原级
+ as +动词+ B
example: Lucy works as hard as
Jerry.
The balloon is as big as a
watermelon.
② not asso …as… 不像……一样
structure：（1）A + 动词+ not as + 形容词原级 + as + B
example：Lucy dances not so well as
Cindy.
（2）A + be+ not as + 形容词原级 +
as + B
My mother is not as tall as
my dad.
③ so…that… 太……以至于……
structure：A +
动词be + so + 形容词原级 + that + 句子
example： I am
so busy that I have no time for sports.
④
such…that…如此……以至于……
structure：A + 动词be +
such+形容词原级+名词+ that + 句子
example： Leo is such
a hard-working dancer that he spends 10 hours
practicing dance
everyday.
（2）.形容词比较级的基本用法
structure：A + 动词be 动词 +
形容词比较级+ than+ B
example：His brother is younger
than me.
注意:
（1)表示“越来越.....
structure：比较级+and+比较级
example：The weather is getting warmer and
warmer.
（2）表示“越....就越....
struc
ture：the+比较级....,the+比较级....
example：The
sooner,the better.(越快越好）
The
busier he is,the happier he feels.
2.
形容词的最高级:用于比较三者或三者以上的人、物
1. 一般单音节词+ est
strong—the strongest
2.
单音节并以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的词，双写末尾辅音字母再+est
hot—the
hottest
3. 双音节以y结尾的词，去掉y 再+iest
pretty—the prettiest
4.
两个或两个以上音节的词，前面+ most
expensive—the most
expensive
5. 不规则词，good—the best;
badill—the worst;
far—the
farthestfurthest,little—the least,old—the
oldest(最老的）the eldest(最年
长的）
形容词最高级的基本用法
structure：A + 动词be 动词 +
形容词最高级+ ofin...
example：Spring is the best
season of the year.
She is the
youngest in the class.
注意:
（1)表示”是最....之一
structure：one of the+形容词最高级
example：Shanghai is one of the most beautiful
cities in china.
(2)表示“大多数，大部分的....
most+复数名词 Most people
like apples.
most of the+复数名词 Most of the boys
are good at football.
（4）补充：
我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种形式来表达最高级,如下：
She is the
best students in her class.(最高级）
=She is
better than any other student in her class.(比较级）
=No other student in her class is as good as
she.(原级）
TIME TO PRACTICE:
(1）If there
are__________people driving, there will be
__________ air pollution.
—Yes, the air will
be fresher. (第十六届新课标五级 23)
less
; fewer fewer less
（2）Mybedroom
is not as ____asyours.(第十五届五级24)
table
confortable comfortable most comfortable
(3)The class is ________ in the school.
A. best B. better than all the classes
C. the better than any other class
（4）I am surprised that John is only 25.I
thought he was________,for he seems to be
in
his thirties.
r
（5）这是如此棒的一部音乐剧以至于我看了10次。
It’s
________musical that I’ve seen it ten times.
形容词篇的答案:
1.D 2.A 3.D a wonderful
词法复习第三组: 情态动词篇(常考点)
常见的情态动词有
can,may,need,must,should,以及与 can 对应的 could 和与 may
对应的
might。
考点一:情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”、“应当”、“必
要”等。
注意情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词表示推测的用法:
“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。
1、can 表示推测时一般用于否定句,
,如:It can ́t be real. 2、must 表示肯定的推测,意为
“,
一般用于肯定句中。如:He must be in his office now.
3、might 表示推测时不一定是 may 的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小。如:The
man may be the
headmaster.
4、Could
表示推测时,语气 can 比要弱,说话者留有余地。如:—Could it be an
animal?—It could
not be, because it is not
moving.
5、Should 表示推测的可能性比较大,仅比 must 的可能性
小一点。如:It is already 10 o’clock
now they should
be there.
考点二:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同:
1.(1)can’t
可译为“不会”, 如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。
(2)当句子表推测时,用 can’t 表达不可能, 如:He
can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.
That will make her swallow them.那样会使她吞下那些药片。
他不可能病了,他正和 Tom 下棋呢。
考点四:
(3) can’t
还可用来回答“ May I ...? ” 这样的问句。 如:May I come in ? 我
可以进来吗?No, 情态动词的被动语态
you mustn’t. can’t.
不,你不能。
注意:
She can’t help crying.
她不禁大哭起来。
意为”不可能“
can’t 还可用于固定习语中。
(1)can’t help doing 禁不住,...情不自禁...
(2)can’t
wait to do sth 迫不及待...
The children can’t wait
to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开
盒子。
2. may
的否定式为 may not,译成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他
也许不在家。
3.(1)mustn’t 表示不许,禁止的语气。如:You mustn’t
talk in class. 你们不 可以在课上说
话。
(2) mustn’t
也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如:—May I stand here?
我可以站在
这里吗?—No, you mustn’t (can’t). 不,不行。
’t 意为“ 不必”。如:You needn’t meet him unless you’d
like to.你不需 要见他,
除非你愿意。
5. shouldn’t
表示不应该。如:You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such
little things. 对
于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。
考点三:
make、let
make+名词代词+不带 to
的不定式表示”迫使“、”致使“,let+名词代词+不带 to 的不定式表
示”允许”。
如:Let me think.让我想想。
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为: 情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。
做题时要兼顾情
态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
More and more trees
must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。 Many of the
stars
can not be seen because they are far
away from us.很多星星
我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。
Time to practice:
1.---I am feeling much
better now so you _________call the doctor.(第十五届
新课标五级)
A. could ́t B. would ́t C. can ́t 2.
The sports shoes must be Linda ́s.
No,
they_________ be. They are too small for her.
A .mustn ́t B. can ́t
not D. might not
is a sign there. You_________ park here.
A. mustn ́t B. needn ́t C. can ́t D. shouldn
́t
4. Some of the plastic bags can
́t_________ after June. Yes, people will use
environment
bags instead.
A. use use
used
D. needn ́t C. may
D. are used
情态动词篇的答案：
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
词法复习第四组：代词篇
（1）常见代词分类
【1】人称代词
主格，I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格，me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
【2】物主代词
形容词性，my, your, his, her, its, our,
their
名词性，mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,
theirs
【3】反身代词 myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves
【4】指示代词，this, that, these,
those, such, some
【5】疑问代词who, whom, whose,
which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
【6】关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as
【7】不定代词one some any, each every, none no, many
much, few little a few a
little,other another,
all both, neither either
语法重难点：
（1）反身代词的用法：
a.表示动作的主语和宾语都是同样的人，有人称和数的变化，后缀-self或-selves, 例：say
to oneself 心里想着，自言自语
b.
“by+反身代词”指靠某人自己而没有别人的帮助独立完成，例：by oneself
独自的，独立
c.含有反身代词的一些特殊短语：help oneself to...随便吃
behave oneself守规
矩，好自为之
（2）不定代词的用法辨析
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问
句和否定
句。
One should learn to think of
others.
Do you have any bookmarks? No, I don’t
have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to
ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give
me some money?
3) some
和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
I have read
this article in some magazine. Please correct
the mistakes, if any.
4)
some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are some
3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any
better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数
可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三
个以上。
Each
student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has
a dictionary. We each have a
dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points.
Every one of us hasstrong and weak points.
3.
none和no：
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语
用单数，代替可数名词，
谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in
the bottle.
How much water is there in the
bottle? None.
None of the students are (is)
afraid of difficulties.
注意：
【a】.no one=nobody,泛指没有人，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Nobody likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不礼貌的人。
【b】.none强调三者或三者以上，可与of连用，谓语动词用单数或者复数，暗示一种数量，即数
量上为零。
None of us havehas seen
him.我们没有人见过他。
【c】.nothing表示什么也没有,谓语用单数。
There is nothing in the box.盒子里什么也没有。
4.
other和another:
1)
other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day,every other
week, some
other reason, no other way,
the
other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：
He holds a
book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the
others passed theexam.
2)another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me
another (one).
The trousers are too long,
please give me another pair someothers.
Some
like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，
其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用
neither和none.
Allof the books are not written in English.
Not all of the books are written inEnglish.
Both of us are not teachers. Not both of us
are teachers. Either ofus is a teacher.
Time to practice:
't worry about the can
take care of_________.
ves lves lf
lf
2._________my mother or my sister watches
TV plays,they like going shopping.
r
3._________my uncle_________my aunt
are reporters.
r,nor ,or only,but
also ,and
stay awake,he finished a cup of
coffee and ordered_________.
other
others r
got up to get some
sleeping pills but found there was _________ left
at home.A. nothing
B. none C. something
D. many birds can you see in the tree?
_________.All the birds have flown away.
one g D.A few
代词篇的答案：
1.B 2.C 3.D
4.D（D改成another）.5.A 6.A
词法复习第五组：介词篇
1. 介词的分类
1) 简单介词
通常指一个单词的介词 如：at，between，in，to等
2) 合成介词
指有两个单词和在一起构成的介词 如：into，upon，without
3) 介词短语
指有两个或两个以上单词组合在一起所构成的介词，如becauseof，in front of
等
2. 常用介词用法辨析
1. 表示时间的介词
(1)表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on
A at用于表示时刻、时刻的某一点
e.g. at eleven o’clock at noon at present
B
on用于表示某日，某天的上午、下午、晚上 e.g. on Saturday OnMarch
8th
C in用于表示一段时间或季节 e.g. in December
inspring
(2). 表示前后用before，after
A.
before:在….之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at
any timebefore eleven.
B. after:在….之后 e.g.
Spring comes after winter.
(3).
表示期限等用by，until，till
C. by:在….之前，不迟于 the time
I arrived, she had already gone.
D.
Until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night
till last night.
(4).
表示期间等用for，during，through，between
A.
for:达….之久（表示过了多少时间）e.g. My Johnson stayed in China
for 2 weeks.
B. during:在…时期当中 e.g. He
wokemany times during the night.
C.
through:在整整一段时间内 e.g. She sat there,alone, all
through that day.
D.
between:在（两个时间）之间，突出时间的起点和终点，相当于from….to
e.g.
He kept on working between seven and twelve last
night.
(5) 表示时间的起点用from，since
A. from:从….起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he
waited.
B. since: 自从….以来 e.g. Since my last
letter I have heard fromhim twice.
(6)
表示时间的经过等用in，within
A. in:过….后（未来时间） e.g. I
heard that she would be back in a month.
B.
within: 以内，不超过 e.g. He willarrive within an
hour.
2. 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词：at，in，on，a
bove，over，under，below，near，by，between，among，
ar
ound，round，about，in front of，behind
e.g. There
are many trees around the lake.
【注】表示“某地在….里”时
要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”时要用on或to；如果两
地有空间距离（不接壤）时，必须
用to
(2) 表示方向的介词：in，into，out of，along，down
，across，through，to，towards，for，
from，over，by，pa
st
e.g. You must put the dirty paper in the
basket.
3. 表示原因的介词
(1) 常用来表示原因的介词有because
of，for
e.g. Because of her illness my
grandma stayed in bed for a week.
(2)某些其他介词也可用来表示原因，如at，from，with，of e.g. The
old man died ofcancer.
4. 其他介词的用法
(1)
表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by