人教版小学英语下册电子课本免费下载
观后感300字-学校汇报材料
小学英语1至6年级要点知识点
1
第一部分:基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ ] e [ ]
中元音:[ :] [ ]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ ] [ :] [u :] [ ] [ ]
双元音(8个)
Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [ u]
[ i]
Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i ][ε ][u ]
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
2
第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-
cats,
bed-beds
2.以s. x.
sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-
brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,
再加-es,如:family-families,
strawberry-
strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-
es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men,
woman-women, policeman-policemen,
policewoman-
policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people,
Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)
单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)
以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s
结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,如果把
’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car
汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a
picture of the classroom a map of China
3
第二部分:语法知识
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a an a unit an
uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg an apple
an orange an eraser an answer an ID card
an alarm clock an actor an actress an e-mail
an address an
event an example an opera an
houran old man an interesting
book an
exciting sport an action movie an art lesson
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is>
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:
He has a sweater. The sweater is
new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at
school.
(4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February
the second.
(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning
afternoon evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no
等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are
teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is
Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have
breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often
play football after class. He plays
chess at
home.
_ 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very
well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
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第二部分:语法知识
三、代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
第一
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)
复数we(我们)usour(我们的)
第二
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)
复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)
第三
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
复数they(他们她们它们)themtheir(他们的她们的它们的)
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子
中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较
级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用mor
e, a little来修饰表示程
度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
一般在词尾加er
以字母e
结尾,加r
以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:
well-better,
far-farther)
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第二部分:语法知识
四、数词:基数词、序数词
(1)1-20
> (2)21-99
先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23twenty-
three,34thirty-four,45forty—five,56fifty-
six,
67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-
nine,91ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586five
hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”
前为tho
usand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001one thousand and> 18,423eighteen
thousand,four
hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty
thousand three
hundred and nine
750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
urth,thirteenthirteenth
(2)不规则变化
> (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”
只将个位的基数
词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-
fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
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第二部分:语法知识
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at,
behind等
表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
?at
1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法:
??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
??over the
weekend?在整个周末
??during the
weekend?在周末期间
? (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on
Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching
the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
1)表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和d
uring互换,前者强调对
比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,
the 20th century)在一九
八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
六、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.
我是一个男
孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study
English. 我们学
习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,
it)时,要在动词后加或。如:
Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-
milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-
guesses, wash-washes,
watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-
es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如
worked , learned , cleaned , visited
以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study –
studied
carry – carried worry – worried
(注意play、stay不是辅音字母
加y,所以不属于此类)
双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原
形和过去式:sing –
sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had ,
do – did , go – went , take – took , buy
–
bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew ,
amis – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave
– left , swim – swam , tell – told ,
draw –
drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found ,
drink –
drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构:
be going to + do;
will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will
go swimming
tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时:
am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working ,
singing ,
eating
以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing
,如having , writing
双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting ,
getting