初中英语人教版-现在完成时专题
四川烹饪学校-满月宴贺词
现在完成时讲解与巩固练习
一：定义
（1）过去已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响
（2）动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在
二：基本结构havehas done
Havehas为助动词，帮助动词实现完成时。
变否定句为haven’t
hasn’t；变疑问句时将havehas提前。
例题1. They have
finished their task.
否：They haven’t finished
their task.
三：标志词
1. already, yet,
just
例题：Have you handed in your homework
yet?
I have already handed in my
homework.
I haven’t handed in my
homework yet.
Did you see my book that
I’ve just put here?
【归纳】already意思为已经，放句中，用于肯定句
yet意思为已经，放句末，用于否定和疑问句
Just意思为刚刚，表示刚刚才完成的动作
巩固练习
(
)1.——Have you finished your homework
——Not .
(A)ever (B)already
(C)yet (D)just
( )2. We haven't
finished our homework .
(A)already
(B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )3.——Have you finished your
homework ?
——Yes,I've done that
(A)yet,already (B)already, yet
(C)ever,never
(D)still,just
(
)'s father borrowed some pictures
(A)have already (B)has just (C)have
ever (D)has yet
5.I have already told
him the bad news.(变为否定句)
I _________ told him
the bad news__________.
2.
never(从未有过）与ever（曾经有过）常与以下三个短语一起考察：
Have been
to去过.....表示已经回来
Have gone
to去了...表示还未回来，可用于回答where is sb?的问句
Have been
in...待在...
例句：I have never seen a
better one.
Have you ever been to
Beijing?
【巩固练习】
(
)1.——Have you travelled on the
train.
——Yes, I have.
(A)never
(B)ever (C)just (D)yet
(
)2.——Have you learned English?
——Yes, I've learned a lot.
(A)never,ever (B)ever,never (C)ever,already
(D)
( )3.——Where is your father?
——He ________ America for business.
A. have
been to been to
B. has gone to been
in
3. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)
I ______ ________ been to Macau before.
4. by now=so far到目前为止
例句; By now,
thousands of people have died because of NCP.
5. for+时间段
Since+（过去）时间点、句子（一般过去时）、时间段+ago
例题：I have been
in Chongqing for 10 years.
I have been
in Chongqing since 10 years ago.
I have
been in Chongqing since I came here.
I
have been in Chongqing since 2010.
【归纳】
1. 过去的具体年，月，日，季节等都是时间点。
2.
Since意思为自从......，和for可以同义句转换
3.
在有for和since的现在完成时句子里，必须用延续性动词。
4. 只有have been
in能与for和since连用
5. for和since用how long提问
6.
How long只能提问延续性动词
【拓展】短暂性动词变延续性动词
①arrive atin sw. get toreach sw. comegomove to
sw.
→ be in schoolat homeon the farmbe herebe
there
①comego back, return → be back comego
out → be out
①become → be
①close → be
closed open → be open
①get up → be up
die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleepget tot sleep → be asleep
finishend → be over marry → be married
①startbegin to do sth. → do sth.
①borrow
→ keep
begin → be on
buy → have
lose → not have
put on → wear catchget a cold
→ have a cold
①havehas gone to → have been in
①join the leaguethe Partythe army
→ be a
leaguea Party membera soldier
→ be a member of
the leaguethe Party
→ be in the leaguethe
Partythe army
get to know → know
例题：My cat died ten years ago.(同义句转换）
My cat has been dead for ten yearssince ten years
ago.
【巩固练习】
一.用since和for填空
1. He
has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before
last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were
children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese
_________ three years.
4. She has been
away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left
the city.
二.单选
( )1.----___
have you been here?
----- Since last
year
(A)How far (B)How long (C)How
often (D)How soon
(
)2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.
(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far
(D)How often
( ) long ___he___the library
book .
(A) has,borrow (B)has,kept
(C)has,bought (D)did,buy
( )4. I
haven't heard from him last week.
(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before
( ) father joined the party_________
(A)for three years (B)since
three years ago
(C)three years ago
(D)in two years' time
( ) Enghish
teacher in our school since he to
China.
(A)has taught .. come
(B)taught,…come
(C)has taught,has .. come
(D)teaches,has … come
三. 句型转换
1. I bought a new bike just now.
(用just改写)
I _______ just ________a new bike.
2. We began to learn English three years
ago.(改为同义句)
We _______ _______ English
________ three years
3. He has lived here
since 1999.(就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____
he_______ here?
4. My father got there two
days ago.（同义句）
My father ______ ______ ______
for two days.
5. Mr. Li began to teach
English in this school in 1999.（同义句）
Mr. Li
_______ _________ English in this school since
1999.
6. The factory opened ten years
ago.（同义句）
The factory _______ ________ ______
for ten years.
John left Beijing three years
ago. （同义句）
John_______ ______ ______
Beijing_____ three years.
recent+基数词+years=in the past +基数词+years
例句：In
recent 5 years, I have always been in Chongqing.
【归纳】这两个标志词只能和延续性动词搭配
四：特殊句型
1. It’s
＋一段时间＋since从句（用一般过去时）
2. 时间段+has passed +since
从句（用一般过去时）
五．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：
⑴现在完成时表示过去的
动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动
作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时
间在过去。
The plane has arrived .
飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a
quarter ago.
飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I
have taught here for fifteen years.
我在这儿已经教了十五年。
（表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year.
我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
⑴When常与与一般过去时连用，How long常与与现在完成时连用
When
did you come to Beijing?
How long have you
been in Beijing?
（3）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。
He has
done some washing yesterday.
He did some
washing yesterday.
他昨天洗衣服了。
【巩固练习】
( )1. ——Have you finished your
homework
——Yes, I it last night
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have
finished (D)will finish
( )2.——
you ever to Nanjing
——Yes,I there
last year.
(A)Have…gone, have gone
(B)Have…been , went
(C)Did…go, went
(D)Did…go,has , been
( )3.——When
you Lucy in New York?
——I
here for two years
(A)did…meet,haven't seen
(B)did…meet,haven't seen
(C)did…meet,don't
see (D)would…meet,hadn't seen
(
)_ you to Beijing?
How long
you here
(A)have…come , have…keen
(B)did…come , have…keen
(C)did…come ,
did…go (D)did…come , have …gone
5.
I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I
_________ (see) it last week.
6. Where’s Li
Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s
office.
7. I _____________ (work) here since
I __________ (move) here in 1999.
8. So far I
______________(make) quite a few friends here.
9. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken
Run”.
--- Where and when ________ you _______
(see) it?
--- Last week.
初中时态综合练习
一、单选
1. The total movie ticket sale of the
film The Mermaid directed by Stephen Chow
__________ 3.6 billion yuan so far .
A.
has reached B. reaches C. reached D. will reach
2. I _______ like fish, but I do now, because
it can make us more clever.
A. don’t use to
B. used to C. didn’t use to D. am used to
3. He is an old Party member. He __________
the Party for twenty years.
A. has joined
B. has
joined in
D. has taken part in
C.
has been in
4.---We will leave school
in about two weeks’ time. What’s your plan for the
long
holiday?
----Sorry, I ________ it
a thought yet.
A. wasn’t giving B. don’t
give C. won’t give D. haven’t given
____ plenty of sheep and cows on my QQ farm now.
B. was
on, please! My
father ____ his car in the garden.
washing wash
7.-Where is your father?
-He ______ to Beijing for an important
meeting.
gone B. has been go going
8.-How long can you______ this book from the
library?
-For only two weeks.
9.-Where is your brother>
- He _____ the
film Fast and Furious 7 in the cinema.
s
watching watch
often _____ e-books on
the phone in the bed at night.
s
11.______ stay up too late, Danny. You will
have an important test tomorrow.
’t ’t
’t ’t
_______ lots of fish in the Jialing
River in the past, But the number of
fish
drops greatly now.
13.-
It seems that you enjoy the hot-pot very much.
-Yes, I _____ living in
Chongqing now.
to used to used for
for
careful ! These knives _________ things
. Don’t play with them .
A. used to cut B. are
used to cut C. used to cutting D. are used to
cutting
15. --- Where’s your father ?
--- He _________ a newspaper in the living room .
A. read B. reads C. is reading D.
has read
16.--Have you handed in your English
homework, Lily? X Kb1 .Co m
--Of
course. Shirley ______ it back to me at the end of
this morning reading.
A. had handed
二、句型转换
1. His company closed in 2010.
（同义句）
His company _____ _____ _____ _____
2010.
2. My father bought the car half a
year ago. （同义句）
My father ______ ______ the
car _______ half a year.
3. We got to know
each other for about 15 years. （同义句）
We
_______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.
4. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句）
The film _________ ________ _________ for ten
minutes.
5. I borrowed this book two weeks
ago. （同义句）
I _________ ________ this book for
two weeks.
B. will hand C. has handed D.
handed
6. They have already finished
the work.（否定）
They ______ ______ the work
______.
7. They have cleaned the room twice
this week. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ____ ______
they ______ the classroom this week?
8. My
father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）
My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.
9. The farmers had to cut down the apple trees
in front of their houses.(否定句）
The
farmers_________ ________to cut down the apple
trees in front of their houses.
10. Mr. Smith
has worked in the company since 25 years ago
.（对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ has Mr.
Smith worked in the company ?