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一、古生物篇
minds: Parrot Alex 鹦鹉
y,Alex has grasped quite a lot of
vocabulary(not given)
the beginning of the
study,Alex felt frightened in the presence of
human.(Not given)
usly,many scientists
realized that animal possess the ability of
thinking.(False)
has taken a long time before
people get to know cognition existing in
animal.(True)
Alex could approximately
imitate the sounds of English words,he has capable
of roughly
answering Irene’ s questions
regarding the world.( True)
breaking in other
parrots as well as producing the incorrect
answers,he tried to
focused.(False)
After the training of Irene, Parrot Alex can
use his vocal tract to pronounce more than 100
English
words, while other scientists believe
that animal have no this advanced ability of
thinking, they
would rather teach chimpanzees.
Pepperbere clarified that she wanted to conduct a
study
concerning avian cognition,but not to
teach him to store’s assistant picked out a bird
at
random fro her sake of avoiding other
scientists saying that the bird is particularly
chosen
afterwards.
did Alex reply
regarding the similarity of the subjects showed to
him. Color
is the problem of the young
parrots except Alex? Wrong pronunciation.
some extent, through the way he behaved what we
can cal him ? Teenager.
etic Design
生物仿生设计
Parker failed to make effective water
device which can be used in desert.(NOT
GIVEN)
of lizard easy to get wet when it contacts
water.(False)
ists apply inspiration from
nature into many artificial engineering.(True)
and thin hair under gecko’s feet allows it to
stick to the surface of object.(True)
gecko
climbs downward,its feet release a certain kind of
chemical to make the
adhesive(NOT Given )
cases stimulate a large number of successful
products of biomimetics in real life.(false)
is well-known for its bionics design.(True)
Fearing made tiny components of robotic fly in
computer by specialized techniques.
robotic
fly’s main structure outside is made of carbon-
fiber and long and thin wires
which make it
unlike a fly at all.
ky applied an artificial
material in stickybot’s limbs as a tendon to split
pressure like
lizard’s does.
bot’s feet
doesn’t have self-cleaning function which makes it
only be able to walk on
smooth surface.
are planning to use stickybot for surveillance.
ky assume that stickybot finally has potential
in lifesaving or other human-related
activities.
ication in color(用颜色交流)
situation can be inferred from the passage
that a chameleons will display the most
eye-
catching color?
When a rival shows his
contrast to the background.
one is not
mentioned as the case that a chameleons will
change its color?
When a lurking chameleon
want to hide it coloration in background avoid
being attacked by
a bird.
kind of climate
do most chameleons live in?tropical
was the
new species named after? Magomherae forest.
part of the body is unique to the species
kinyongia agomberae? Nose
creatures can
change color as effectively as cuttlefish(true)
eons can imitate a pattern provided there are
more than two colors.(True)
eons appear to
enjoy trying out new colors(not given)
matters more than color when male chameleons
compete.(false)
a fight,the defeated male
hides among branches of a tree.(not given)
popular explanation of why chameleons change
color has been proved wrong(true)
are more
predators of chameleons is grassland habitats than
in others.(Not given)
ing animla’s visual
systems necessitates removing them from their
habit.(false)
your neighbor(向邻居学习)
butterflies’ colors of wings reflect the sense of
warning to other predators. False
s my
imitate butterflies’ wing pattern as well.(True)
altitude of butterfly is determined by their
foot (Not given)
oni agreed with flight height
hypothesis and decided to reassure its
validity(False)
sacha has the richest
diversity of breeds in the world (Not given)
oni has more detailed records on the location
of butterfly collection than others(ture)
is
correct about butterflies flight altitude?Each
butterfly has its own favorable height.
is
correct about Beccaloni next investigation after
flight height?
Try to find connections between
larval height and adult ones.
t:the Giant
deer(巨鹿的灭绝)
Having been preserved well in
Europe and central Asia,the remains of the Irish
elk was initially
found approximately
40,000years 8000 years ago,they were driven to
live in the plain
after being restricted to
the Ural g was considered as one of the important
factors of Irish elk’s extinction,people have
not started hunting untile 7000 years ago when
Irish
elk used to get through under a variety
of climatic huge antlers may possibly
contribute to the reason why Irish elk
extinct,which was highly controversial as the
pleasantly
over the span of wooded nly ,it is
well known that ,at the last maximum ice
age
,mammals become extinct about 10,500 years ago.
kink of physical characteristics eventually
contributed to the extinction of Irish ilk?
male’s huge antlers.
kind of nutrient
substance needed in maintaining the huge size of
Irish elk? Minerals
geographical evidence
suggested the advent of human resulted in the
extinction of Irish
elk? Habitat destruction.
files”the paleobiology
Database”(古化石数据库)
two correct description
about the Paleobiology Database in this passage.
Intrigues both positive and negative opinions
from various experts.
Aims to embrace all
fossils information globally.
ing to the
passage,jellyfish belongs to which category of
the paleobioology
Database?
Untraceable
species.
is the author’s suggestion according
to the end of the passage?
Try to create a
database of living creature.
Fall in
Americas(消失的巨兽)
hs are animals that
Faced
extinction at least10000years ago.
people is
a group of people who may be the main cause of
extinction of
mammoths.
opher Johnson
suggested that researchers in the passage may not
be contradictory to
each other.
did giant
ground sloth live? The Americas
fossils
could be regarded as evidence of vegetable
consumed in a fire?charcoal
kink of tools
did the clovis develop to hunt vanishing
mammoths?spear points
in the wild(动物健康)
is for ten years that Dr Engel has working on
animal self-medication. True
order to find
plants for medication,animals usually need to walk
a long distance. Not given
such as Macaw,are
seen eating clay because it is a part o their
natural diet(False)
ing to Dr Engel,it is
expecting that research into animal self-
meditation can be helpful
in the invention of
new .
nzees food(pitch of veronia )
----contained chemicals named terpenes which can
kill
parasites.
food(seeds ---contain
alkaloids and clay)----clay can detoxify the
poisonous
contents in the food.
nzee (food
Leaves with tiny hooks on surface)---such leaves
can catch and expel worms
from intestines.
Animal self-medication has been supported by
an increasing amount of of them is
called
geophagy,a soil-consuming behavior commonly
found across animal species,Because
earth
,especially clay,can neutralize the toxic content
of their r behavior can also be
found among
humans in Africa,where patients will buy clay
tablets as medical stalls to heal
r one is
related to chimps who eat leaves with unpleasant
taste probably,but with
medical value due to
their special structure.
h Kill(猛犸的灭绝)
The
reason why big size mammals extincted 11,000 years
ago is under hot debate. First
explanation is
that hunting of human made it is so called over
kill model began from
1960s suggested by an
expert,who however received criticism of lack of
further
r assumption is that deadly disease
from human causes their
e,who supported this
idea,suggested that he required empirical
evidence to
testify its proposed a third
hypothesis that climatic instability in
Pleistocene
epoch drove some species
disappear,reduced geographical ranges posed a
signal to these
giants,and Younger Dryas event
finally wiped them out.
cy:can animals tell
numbers?
s performance of two groups is almost
identical
chose between two sets of balls of
shapes which are altered
bird seems to have
ability to calculate
nders offered clear
tubes containing different quantities of fruit
flies
tofish these are used to check
influence of total surface area and brightness
had to learn where sugar water was stored
es are better at identifying the larger to two
numbers if one is much bigger than
tautz
trained the insects in his experiment to recognize
the shapes of individual
numbers?False
research involving young chicks took place over
two separate given
experiment which chicks
suggests that some numerical ability exists in
newborn
chers have experimented by
altering quantities of nectar or fruits available
to certain
wild animals. Not given
assessing the number of eggs in their nest,coots
take into account those of other birds.
True.
whales
The scientists have studied right
whale by setting up an archive(存档).one of their
interests is a
whale named Calvin who lost its
mum when it was very ists were worried about the
baby whale’s future until it appeared again in
July ,it was found to be a girl
whale ,being
precious in the was quite plump（丰满）,which was a
main symbol of
unately,in summer of 2000,it
was discovered being twisted in fishing gear like
polyblend ropes,and then it was seen months
later,people tried to slice away
part of ropes
wrapping round it body,which were cleared during
the next year.
ian tiger extinction if
forever?
Tasmanian tiger is a big dog headed
animal with a catlike striped coat and a millions
of years, tasmanian tigers used to live widely
in the continent of Australia before the arrival
of
dingoes approximately 4000 years ago,they
afterwards survived in Tasmania where there were
no government gave order to get rid of
thylacines as European settlers wrongly
considered they posed threat to their ,the
thylacines cynocephalus had become
extinct
when last living specimen died in captivity(囚禁) in
the year of 1936.
of the animal has not been
cloned as mentioned in the passage.
A mammoth
called bucardo
is the main idea of this
article
To show how scientists try to conduct
some researches on saving extinct animals.
ated Dinosaur Era
rare element,iridium
,was presented both on earth and in
meteor
impact theory had been suspected before the
discover of the impact site and
supporting
ints are of little value in providing
information ,in comparison to fossil bones,because
individual species cannot be identified
with footprints False.
ing to scientists ,the
transition to a dinosaur-dominated era took place
very quickly by
geological time
creatures that disappeared in the extinction were
dominantly the 15-foot-long rauisuchians
and
large crocodiles. False.
osaurus rex was
larger in body size than other carnivorous given
dinosaurs died out but small ones evolved and
competed with birds and mammals. Not
given.
bite that heat
l was unluckily hit by
electronic shocks and nearly lost his life during
his vacation. False
disease Micheal had
suffered from for eight years was caused by an
given
l is grateful for the bark scorpion bite
because it helped him recover from the ankylosing
spondylitis. True
4. No venom is just
responsible for one
is no different between
Venom and poison False.
can kill while it can
also be used as medicine to
treatments for
cancer are now available in the market False.
far 20 million venom toxins have been checked for
medical use. False.
9. The majority of mammals
carry venom inside their .
way how venom
works is compared to that of medicines.
11.A
venom source such as puffer fish has helped to
present complex facts about how nerve
cells
convey information to each other.
of
thousands of animals have developed glands and
apparatuses which are respectively
responsible
for storing and letting out venom.
makeup of
venom of a snake may change with places ,ages and
diet.
animals uses venom to warn rival males
of its exclusive power during the mating
season.
dinosaur Footprints and
extinction
Paul Olsen and his colleagues
believe that asteroid knock may also lead to
dinosaur’s boom.
True.
and movie like
Jurassic Park often exaggerate the size of the
dinosaurs. Not given
ur footprints are more
adequate than dinosaur skeletons. True
prints
were chosen by Dr Olsen to study because they are
convenient to tracked down to a
date of
geological precise with thousand years True
axa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer
exact information of the trace left by
individual species. False
can find more
Iridium in the earth’s surface than in meteorites
False.
Olsen and his colleges applied a
phenomenon named ecological release to explain the
large
size of the Eubontes,which is a similar
case to that nowadays reptiles invade a place
where there
are no competitors For example ,on
an island called Komodo, indigenous huge lizards
grow so
big that people even referring them as
r ,there were no old impact trace being
found?the answer may be that we have
overlooked the craters are difficult spot or it
probably vanished due to the effect of the
earth a crater formed in ocean had been
swallowed up under the impact of crust s,the
third hypothesis is that the potential
evidence some caters may be misdated.
last March of the emperor penguins
is
female emperor penguin that carried more
incubation duty False
lical christian lives a
similar lifestyle as penguin. Not given
the
advanced satellite photographs,fluctuation of
penguin number is easily observed. False
winds caused by Ozone depletion ,blow away the sea
ice. True
are several reasons of why emperor
penguins are vulnerable to sea ice
of all
,they are not agile enough to walk on steep rocks
that all over wouldn’t be
able to breed
,Next,emperors need to mount at certain time of
year,which protects them from been
killed by
freezing y,emperor penguin’s food called krill is
also connected to
availability of sea ice.
U-evolution of the Turtles
are the two
amazing features for turtles?
Some turtles can
breathe oxygen from the body part in the rear end.
They had evolved back to the water,and they
then re-revolved back onto the land.
have to
be the first migrated species of lives which
ensure others evolving from the sea
onto the
land? The plants.
transfer can be a
significant leap as evolving from the water to
land is
connected ?Breathing to reproduction.
is,being absent in whales or dolphins,the one
of the proofs to show they may have
evolved
back from the land to grills.
kink of animal
showed that if the fossil looks like those ,it
indicates the species is
living in the sea
even in ancient ns.
Scientists can tell
whether a species is living in the sea or land by
examining the
fossils can not serve as
definite proofs for determining where one ancient
species lived in
dinosaur period from another.
Not given.
land tortoises are ne group of
turtles that stayed on land ever since and all
through the
ancient time false.
Walter
joyce and Jacques gauthier,at Yale university,took
three key measurements in the arm and
land
bones of a group of living turtles and used
triangle graph paper on which to
draw and mark
the data was found that all the land tortoise and
the water turtles
species formed cluster of
points in the different parts of the patterned
graphs obtained;yet the
clusters formed in
those ambiguous species indicate there were kind
of situation like between
half-wet and half-
dry .As a result,the fossils of both these ancient
turtles’ limbs and with their
clusters show us
both these ancient creatures were living in dry
land.
二、 人物篇
Noble
first Nobel
Prize was awarded in 1895 False
’ s father
wanted his son to have better education what he
had had. Not given
was an unsuccessful
businessman .False.
von Suttner was selected
by Nobel himself for the first peace Prize. False.
Noble Foundation was established after the
death of Nobel. True
’s social involvement was
uncommon in the 1800’s. True
Having
accumulated a great fortune in his business,Nobel’
s father determined to give his son
the best
education and sent him to be trained in chemical
Nobel’s study in
Pairs ,he worked in a private
laboratory,where he came in contact with a
youngengineer Ascanio
Sobrero and his
invention nitroglycerine, a more powerful
explosive than gunpowder.
Nobel became really
interested in this new explosive and experimented
on nitroglycereine
was too dangerous and was
banned for experiments within the city of Nobel
had
to move his experiment to lake. To make
nitroglycerine easily usable,Nobel invented
dynamite
along with detonator wihile in the
meantime pneumatic drill became popular,all of
which
dramatically lowered the cost of
construction works.
2. Amateur Naturalists
waiter Coated’s record,there are plenty of
information of beekeeping.
Marsham is well-
known for noting animals and plants’ life cycles
number of waterfowl in north America
decreases because of increased droughts according
to some phenologists.
do a lot of
scientists questioned the amateurs data?
Amateur data is not reliable sometimes.
e
of leaves Mark Schwartz used to explain that
valuable information is accurate one.
suggestion of scientists for the usage of amateur
data?
Use modified and better approach.
’s
the implication of phenology for ordinary people.
It arouses public awareness about climate
change.
left-handed in a Right-handed world
study of twins show that genetic
determination is not the only factor for left-
handedness
True
Dax’ s report was widely
accepted in his time False
Wada based his
findings on his research of poeple with language
problems Not given
tend to be more men with
left handedness than women. Not given
children
a has a long history of selecting
talented students into different categories. True
rs and schools in Britain held welcome
attitude towards government’s selection of gifted
students false.
parents agree to move
near reputable schools in Britain. True
-class
parents participate their children ’s education
Not given
and Finland comply with selected
students policy False
ng-selection-policy only
works in a specific environment. True
’ Laszlo Polagar’s point of view towards
geniuses of children.
Geniuses can be educated
later on
is the purpose of citing Zsofia’s
example in the last paragraph.
Practice makes
genius.
:the practical prophet
great
eastern was specially designed with a large size
for carrying more fuels and was to
take long
voyage to Australia,However due to physical
condition,Brunel couldn’t be able to go
with
maiden ly the Great Eastern was unprofitable
because the construction of Suez
canal But
soon after there was an ironic opportunity for
the Great Eastern which was to carry
and to
lay huge telegraphic cable in Atlantic Ocean
floor.
igence and Giftedness
purpose of
the text is to demonstrate the limitation of test
sor Binet devise the test to choose the best
one.
test is designed according to age.
army used intelligence tests to select officers.
the intention in designing the test by
professor binet has been misunderstood. True
tests of Sir Cyril Burt are only intended to be
used in Paris
in was a counter-example of IQ
given
test may probably lead to racial
discrimination as a negative effect. True
9.
The author regards measuring intelligence test as
a goal hardly attained. Not given.
Franklin:the discovery of the slowness
In his
personal correspondence to and in his published
memories by Sten Nadolny,John Franklin
was
depicted as a man dedicated to the exploration,and
the word of “slowness ”was used to define
his
personality;when Franklin was in his childhood,his
determination to the bully of the
schoolboys
was too slow for him to fall into Franklin was
said to be a boy dreaming
finding in a place
he could enjoy the timelessness in the in the
20
th
,his biography of
discovery of
slowness has been adopted as a guidebook as for
the movement such as sustainable
development
,or management science,motoring policy.
does
the author mention “the ice is a slow mover”in the
geological article,to demonstrate
the idea
that explorer like Franklin should posses the
quality of being patient
Franklin was on
board with sailors,how did he speak to his follow
sailors?
He spoke in the words and phases he
previously memorized.
effort to overcome his
slowness in marine time life had finally won the
respect for him as
he insisted to overcome his
difficulties.
is the book The Discovery of
Slowness sold more than a billion copies
It
contains the aspects of the life people would like
to enjoy.
hours of the iceman
ing to the
author,there must be another complete human corpse
older than the iceman.
False
iceman might
be the leader of the society,and he was very rich.
Not given
ists guessed the iceman’s
information perfectly,and finally got the real
cause of the death.
False
testing the
iceman’s body, we know where he came
iceman has been placed in a refrigerated high tech
room since 198.
iceman might get stomach
distress ,for eggs of the whipworm parasite were
found in his
gut.
are a variety of mosses
and liverworts found around the iceman such as
Neckera
complanata.
route of the iceman’s
last movement might not be straight.
or
machine
took Honda 17 years to make ASIMO,a
human-looking robot that attracted broad interests
form audience,Unlike ASIMO,which has to be
controlled through a computer installed in the
backpack,MIT’s scientists aimed to make robots
that can imitate human behavior and interact
with of such particular inventions can
express its own feeling through facial
r
innovative project is a robot called Cog,which is
expected to learn from its
environment to
gain some intelligence.
Man
lake Mungo
remains offer the archeologists the evidence of
graphic illustration of human
activity. True
lake Mungo remains,weapons were found used by
the Mungo. Not given
Man is one of the
oldest known archeological evidence in the world
of cultural
sophistication such as a burying
ritual. True
man and woman’s skeletons were
uncovered in the same year. False
is
controversy among scientists about the origin of
the oldest Homo sapiens. true
of Africa
supports have criticized Australian professors for
using outmoded research method.
NOT given
and expert
:need study principles and
rules under the guidance of a mentor
yman
start to identify patterns of behavior for cases
with or between study more
complex ways of
doing things create new knowledge.
:perform
task independently
s and experts use the same
system of knowledge to comprehend and classify
objects.
False
focus of novices’ training
is necessarily on long term memory Not given
working out the problems,novices want to solve
them
handling problems,experts are always
more efficient than novices in their fields False
tend to review more than novices on cases
when flaws or limit on understanding took
.
expert outperform novices and machines in
pattern recognition and problem
predictions
of future behavior or events are seldom as
accurate as simple actuarial
,some have tried
to explain that experts differ when using
cognitive models to
chers believe it is due to
human biases,However attempting endeavor of
finding
answers did not yet produce consensus.
study:Two of a kind
firs one that
conducted research on twins is called Francis
Galton,He separated twins into
two
categories:non identical and identical twin
research was used in medicine
application in
as early as the year of 1924
fields
that had been carried out in Ohio,maryland and
Twinsbrugh: sense,sound boldness
of men
results that had been verified in this passage:
Non-identical twins come from different eggs.
Genetic relation between identical twins is
closer than non-identical one.
Genetic
influence to smoking is superior to environment’s
have star performers!
ey who wrote The
war for Talent had not expected the huge influence
made by his book
NOT given
ic condition
become one of the factors which decide whether of
not a country would
prefer to hire foreign
employees. True
collapse of Enron is caused
totally by a unfortunate incident instead of
company’s
management mistake. False
ll
clubs that focus making stars in the setting are
better than simply collecting stars True
An
investigation carried out on1000 star-stock
analysts participants of a survey by Harvard
Business Review found a company hire a star
performer has negative instance ,they
behave
considerably worse in a new team than in the
working environment that they used to
move
faster than wall street and increase their salary
.secondly,they faced rejections or
refuse form
those rivals with the , the one who made mistakes
had been punished by
selling his stock share.
am Gilbert and Magnetism
is less famous
then he should be True
was famous as a doctor
before he was employed by the Queen True
lost
faith in the medical theories of his given
There are three discoveries of Gilbert
Metals can be magnetized.
Stars are at
different distances from the earth
The earth
wobbles on its axis.
三、历史篇
ers
provide more Questions Than answers
An ancient
huge sunk cargo vessel was found accidentally by
sponges ship loaded
with luxury items such as
bronze and r,an archaeologist found a junk similar
to
a gearwheel which has Greek script on
inspiring and elaborated device was found to be
the
first analog computer in the world.
eper :Invention of Marine Chronometer
is
with no great effort by sailors to calculate the
position when in the center of the
determine
the longitude,a measurement of distance from moon
to a given star is must .False
theory,by
calculating the longitude degrees covered by a
sail journey,the distance between the
start
and the end points can be obtained. Not given
Hundred years ago,sailors tried to identify
their time by checking the sun or stars,but the
trouble
was that they did need a reliable
clock which showed time of the timekeeper
required
would be to precisely tell a tangible
time lapse confined to 2.8 extraordinary
craftsman,Harrison,once created a novel clock
which did not rely on oil to work
on,competitive mod of sextant was another
prominent device designed by Hadley, which
calculated angle between sun and the
earth,base on Harrision’s effort ,Earns haw
eventually
implement key component for marine
chronometers which had used ever since.
y in
Easter island!
first inhabitants of Easter
Island are Polynesian,from the Marquesas or
society
given.
uction of some moai
statues on the island was not
Moai can be
found not only on Easter Island but also elsewhere
in
archaeologists recognized the religious
and astronomical functions for an ancient
.
structure on Easter Island work as an
astronomical outpost fore extraterrestrial
visitors Not
given
theory that depleted
natural resources leading to the fail of Easter
Island actual has a
distorted
Many
theories speculated that Easter Island’s fall
around the era of the initial European
say
the resources are depleted by a growing
population;the erroneous theories
began with a
root of the racist assumption advanced by some
writers did not have
adequate archaeological
and historical understanding to comprehend the
true nature of events on
the social
devastation was in face a direct result of inhuman
behavior of the first
European settlers.
tions in mapping
ing to the first
paragraph,mapmakers in the 21 century;
Combine
technologies to chart unknown territory.
library of congress offers an opportunity to
create individual computer maps to order
y
alerted his contemporaries to the importance of
organizing maps to reflect accurate
ratios of
distance
invention of the printing press
changed the approach to map making.
writer concludes by stating that: the fundamental
aims of map-making remain
unchanged.
Ancient maps allow us to see how we have come
to make sense of the also reflect the
attitudes and knowledge of the first great
step in mapmaking took place in Egypt in the
3
rd
century continued in this
tradition until the 2
nd
century AD but was
then abandoned for
over a thousand
years,during which time maps were responsibility
of monks rather than
ately,however,the
writings of Ptolemy had been kept,and interest in
scientific
mapmaking was received as scholars
sought to produce maps,inspired by the accounts of
travelers,these days satellites are vital to
the creation of maps and radar has allowed
cartographers
to map areas beyond our
immediate addition,this high-tech equipment is
not only used to
map far away places ,but
cheaper versions have also been developed for use
in cars.
ipity:the accidental Scientists
The word Serendipity was coined in the
writing of Horace Walpole to Horace derived
it from a fairy tale, the character of which
were always making fortunate discoveries by
stem serendip was a former name for Sri Lanka.
does”inductive” mean in paragraph A
Observation without anticipation at the
beginning
ific discovery should be between the
two extremes
writer mentions Luigi Gavuanti’s
observation to illustrate the happy accident in
scientific
discovery
does the writer
mention the example in YOsemite Valley in
paragraph G?
To illustrate the conflict
between reality and expectation
Francis
Ronald and Telegraph
were carved in the
experimental dials when doing Ronald’s experiment
in his garden.
Letters and numbers
were
enclosed with the buried telegram wires when
Ronald did the improved experiment?
Glass
tubes
is the greatest distance Ronald
believed his telegram can send ?800km
kind of
power supplied to keeping the wire charged
continuously
Frictional-electrics machine.
s of Bluetooth wireless technology
is the
reasons that make bluetooth successful?
Legislation forbids hand use of mobile when
driving.
Bluetooth installation cost little
while profit enlarged
Variety of application
guarantees its expansion.
Attractive headline
usually technological product as “win-take-all”
unately,several competitors would be
coexisting rather than happened like
heless,negative predictions still exist about
some technology’s
example,they insist that
Wi-fi and Wimax pose destructive threat to mobile
networks of 3G,or
popular smart phones would
be the terminator to ipod or r,lessons from
bluetooth indicate that they are “horse for
course”
and the industrial revolution
industrialization did not happen in china because
of inefficient transport Not given
and beer
protect people from waterborne disease. True
Porter disagree with the proposed
theory. False
reason of lower child deaths is
fully explained by food .False
british made
beer by themselves. Not given
on malt
indirectly affected the number of population. True
origin of ancient writing
research at the symposium regarded the story of
the king of Uruk s ridiculous because
Writing
probably developed independently of speech
ing
to the writer ,the story of the origins of writing
Shows some awareness among Sumerrians of the
purpose of writing
was disagreement among the
researchers at the symposium about the meaning of
certain
abstract images.
opponents of the
theory that writing developed from tokens believe
that it evolved from
pictures.
archaeological evidence show that the people of
Mesonpotamia invented writing around
3300,BC,their script was written on clay
tablets Uruk and was called cuneiform .their
script
originally showed images related to
political power and business,and later developed
to become
more abstract.
Tunguska Mystery
of the following statements are correct
according to this passage
Craters of explosion
has not been found yet
Friction of atmosphere
lead to meteorite explosion
n immigration of
Canada
With the saturation of Eastern
Canada,Western rural area would supply homesteads
for the
descendants of easterners. Politicians
also declared that western area got potential to
increase
agricultural output of Canada
according to wheat crop that consumed in the East.
federal government bought a land from private
company, and legally offered certain area to
people who stayed for a qualified period of
time. Then,a mounted Police force was found to
secure the land .however,the best way to
protect citizens was to build a transcontinental
railway to transport the migrants and goods
between the west and the east.
四、教育篇
ties for children
1. According to American
Heart Foundation,cholesterol levels of boys are
higher than
given
2. British children
generally do less exercise than some other
European
3. Skipping becomes more and more
popular in schools of UK Not given
4.
According to Healthy kids,parents should encourage
their children to do more activities. False.
5. According to paragraph A,what does Neil
Armstrong concern about?
Future health of
British children
6. what does Armstrong
indicate in Paragraph B?
We should to more
activity of exercise heart.
7. What is aim of
First kid’s training?
To guide parents how to
organize activities for children.
8. what did
Lifshitz suggest in the end of the passage?
Create opportunities to exercise your body.
9. what is main idea of the passage?
Children in UK need proper exercises.
en’s literature
en did not start to read
books until 1700 False.
Trimmer believed that
children’s books should set good examples. True
s were concerned about the violence in
children’s given
interest in the folklore
changed the direction of the development of
children’s books. True
children’s book
writers believe their works should appeal to both
children and adults.
True
utive and
simultaneous translation
which way does
author state translation a the beginning of the
passage?
Geneal and specific meaning
ation
of headphone in a UN conference tells us that:
Language practice is in the process
the
passage ,what is author’s purpose of citing Tower
of Babel?
Consecutive interpreting has a long
history
simultaneous interpreting ,which of
the following is true?
It relies on
professional equipment.
consecutive
translation,if the section is longer than expected
,what would an interpreter most
probably do ?
He or she has to remember some parts ahead.
The cycle from year to voice normally last
about 2-3 seconds ,which depends on sophisticated
of
paper,for example,it could go up to 10
seconds expert took close research on
affecting elements,they found appropriate
speaking speed is somehow among
100-200w.p.m
.However,the maximum of speed was about 200w.p.m.
In a specific
experiment,ear-voice span speed
increased between 95-164w.p.m,the accuracy of
interpretation
dropped.
four of the
following are the factors that affect
interpreting?
Speed of incoming sound
sourcenoisy of backgroundculture of different
backgroundequipment of scene
pment
of public management theory
are the features
and advantages for Bureaucratic management?
Employers’ promotion can be much fairer which
is based on job duties not on characters
These
employers can dedicate themselves to the public
for stabiltity of a long term job.
are
limitations for the ideas of Bureaucratic
management?
Commitment of the employee is not
taken into consideration enough
It is not
applicable to dynamic organizations where change
is very fast
are the aims of management as
Douglas mcgregor’s work of the theory Y
Employees has natural tendency for rest or
play
Manager may guide employees in a
cooperative manner towards objectives.
are
the limitations for the theory Z
Not all
employee set higher interest in the job than that
of wages
Personalization remains un-eliminated
in organizations
ion philosophy
1.18century
Need for children to work
19century
Rise of middle classemergence of
a kindergarten
20century
The kindergarten
in the spread around us
to achieve happiness
source of happiness is not mentioned in this
passage?
Dinner
is the most popular
factor regarding to happiness mentioned in this
passage?
Health
is not mentioned in this
passage affect the happiness
Electricity
4.A research in the 21 century indicate that
Modern life makes people not happy
suggestion is not mentioned in last paragraph for
achieving happiness
Consult a physician
6.a study of reared-apart twins identified
that environment is not sole factor affect
happiness
left prefrontal of human can cause
more happiness when it is active
living in
modern city may need close circle of friends for
achieving happiness.
ation of false
belief experiments
In 1980s a theory called
Theory of mind designed to research if children
have the ability to
represent the reality.
First experiment carried out on the subject of a
boy. And questions had
been made on where the
boy can find the location of chocolate But it was
accused that it had
excessive information So
second modified experiment was conducted involving
tow dolls, and
most children passed the test
at the age of 4, then Lewis and Dunn researched
older children in a
certain place,and found
children who play with adults have better
performance in the test,and peer
interaction is challenging because of
consisting pretending elements.
ge strategy in
multinational company
’s often encounter
language barrier in their daily strategy, then
they seek several
approaches to solve such
problems. First ,native language gives them a
realistic base in a different
language
speaking country, but problem turned up when they
deal with oversea clients, for
example,
operation on translation of some key documents, it
is inevitable to generate differences
by rules
from different countries. Another way is to rely
on a combination of spoken language and
body
language, yet a report written that over one–tenth
business transaction processed in a party
language setting. Third way: hire translators
,However, firstly, it is costly, besides if they
are not
well-prepared they have to take
assumption work.
understandable reaction does
Training pay attention to according to the author
Personal development
what term does the
writer describe training during economy
depression?
Luxury
contribution does
Volkwagen group do for multinational companies?
Model
does Volkswagen Group consider
language training as in their company
Strategic solution
many states are needed
from basic course to advanced in training
6
stages
long does a refresher course need
normally
90 hours
least how long is
needed for a specific professional to acquire a
foreign language?
3 years
8. What is the
main function of this passage?
To evaluate
various approaches for language barrier in
multinational companies.
9 learning by
examples
1. the field trip to Israel was to
investigate how black rats learn to strip pine
cones?false
2. the pine cones were stripped
form bottom to top by black rats True
3. it
can be learned from other relevant experiences to
use a
4. Stripping the pine cones is an
instinct of the black rats. False
While the
nutcracker is more able to cache seed, the jay
relies less on caching food and is thus
less
specialized in this ability,but more social. To
study their behavior of caching and
finding
their caches, an experiments was designed and
carried out to test these two birds for
their
ability to remember where they hide the seed. In
the experiment, the cacher bird hid
seeds
in the ground while the other watched. As a
result, the Nutcracker and the Mexican
Jay
showed different performance in the role of
observer at finding the seeds----the observing
Nutcracker didn’t do as well as its
counterpart.
:language we all speak
was
the study of animals music uncertain?
Tunes
are impossible for animal to make up
is the
main subject of this passage
Role of music in
human society.
tative research in education
Quantitative research in education has
sparked debate that whether it is valid in
scientific area.
Piaget’s experiment involved
children’s steps on development, which used equal
amount of
liquid in a couple of containers, to
test if student would be able to judge their size.
Another
quantitative research was carried out
by Mehan, he showed children a picture, and
requested
children to make answers, but
ultimately most of them failed. IN 1960S, another
method
emerged along with quantitative
research ,schools in the UK was taken as
experiment sites in
application of the
combined approach.
1. choose three correct
statements of “quantitative research ”features
below
record researching situation and apply
note taking
design the interview to be in an
atmosphere like easy conversation
questionnaires full of requiring open-ended
answers.
2. what is the main idea of this
passage?
To explain that quantitative research
ideas, characteristics from related criticisms
endangered language
1. What is purpose of
master-apprentice program sponsored by the ford
foundation?
Preserve endangered language.
should majority language speaker should do
according to the last paragraph?
They should
be more tolerant to minority language speaker
adolescents
adolescence
The same as
others
Beginning to form individual thinking
without family context
adolescence
Interested in the opposite sex
Exposure to
danger
Intellectual booming
adolescence
Less need approval of friends
adolescent
lacks the ability of thinking abstractly False
cents may have deficit in their language
ability. True
adolescent experiences a
transition from reliance on his parents to
independence. True
14. the psychology in
happiness
1. which two of the following
beliefs are identified as mistaken in the text
An optimistic outlook ensures success
Unhappiness can and should be avoided
order to have a complete understanding of how
people’s minds work, Marin suggested that
research should examine our most positive
moods as closely as it does our psychological
problems
after arriving at a milestone in
their lives, people become accustomed to what they
have
achieved and have a sense that they are
lacking something.
who are pessimistic by
nature are more likely to succeed if they make
thorough
preparation for a presentation.
15. The secrets of persuasion
experienced
“principles of influence ” himself in realistic
life True
ples of persuasion has
different types in different countries NOT GIVEN
New Zealand ,people tend to give tips to
attendants after being served a chocolate. False
4. Elder generation of New Zealand is easily
attracted by extra service of restaurants by
principles of reciprocity. Not given
of
the following is not true about Robert?
He is
a representative of saponaceous sales.
of the
following is correct according to towel experiment
in the passage.
Customers behave more
ecologically after renewed the message.
of
the following is correct according to the candy
shop experiment in the passage
Resenting way
affects diner’s tips.
ing voices
and his
wife can speak English because they have learned
it at school. False
means nothing other than
killing .false
3.A tuvan would be judged to
have a bad character if he killed an animla with a
gun of knife True
4. Nowadays languages in the
world are spoken
aspects of culture are
doomed to loss if one vulnerable language is
translated into a
dominant language. NOT GIVEN
五、植物篇
1. a wander
plant—Bamboo
problem does the bamboos root
system prevent? Soil erosion
bamboo product
is experiencing market expansion. Paper
ris
formation of ambergris experiences several
stages. First, when sperm whale eats the hard and
sharp beaks of squid, its intestine will
produce ambergris to facilitate the passage, then,
ambergris
can be vomited up by sperm whale and
float on the water. After months of exposure on
air , it
hardens and the color turns dark grey
or black.
2. In the 20
th
century, most
ambergris was made in the process of killing sperm
whale. True
3. Ambergris’s cost increased
recently. Not given
4. Ambergris still remains
in the perfume making. Not given
5. Ambergris
is still most important amber odorant in perfume
manufacture. False
ersity
term
“biodiversity ”consists of living creatures and
environment that they live in True
are
spicies that have not been researched because It’s
unnecessary to study all creatures
false
is not necessary to investigate all creatures in a
certain place. True
press are often than no
focus on animals well-known. true
5. There is
a successful case that catus moth plays a positive
role in the US. False
6. Usage of hardwoods is
forbidden in some European countries. Not given
7. Agriculture experts advise farmers to plant
single crops in the field in terms of sustainable
farming. Not given
Because of the
ignorance brought by media, people tend to neglect
significant creatures called
keystone. Every
creature has diet connections with others, such as
fig which provide a majority of
foods for
other species. In some states of America, decline
in number of sea otters leads to the
boom of
urchins. An impressing case is that imported
cactus moth successfully tackles the plant
cacti in Australia. However, the operation is
needed for the government to increase their
financial
support in public education.
y
of bitterness
The reason why grapefruit tastes
bitter is because a substance called Naringin
contained in it.
However, bitter plays a
significant role for plants. It gives a signal
that certain plant is poisonous.
For human
beings, different person carries various genetic
ability of tasting bitterness. according
to a
scientist at the University of Utah, supertasters
have exceptional plenty of taste buds, which
allows them to perceive bitter compounds.
1. What is the main feature of AMP according
to this passage?
Offset bitter flavor in food
2. What is the main function of G protein?
transmitting bitter signals
Bananas
was first eaten as fruit by humans almost ten
thousand years ago
was first planted in
South-East Asia
3. Wild banana’s taste is
adversely affected by hard seeds.
is
the oldest known Fruit. Not given
Michel is
till being used as a commercial product. False
is a main food in some countries. True
va:ancient Bristecone Pine
ing to passage
A, what aspect of bristlecone pines attracts
author’s attention?
Remarkable long age
do we investigate bristlecone pine in higher
altitudes of California’s White Mountains?
Because oldest ones researched in this region
3. why there are repeated patterns of wide
and narrow rings?
Because variation of climate
change is different.
The bristlecone’s special
adaptation is benefit for photosynthesizing, and
reserving the energy of
leave replacement and
providing sufficient chlorophyll. Probably because
seed do not rely on
primary stratification,
Germination rate is high,Because of cambium
dieback, only narrow bark
complete. Due to
multiple factors such as windy ,cold climate and
dry air ,bristlecone’s rings
have tight and
solid structure full of resin. Moreover,
bristlecone stands are safe from fire because
of little ground cover plants spread in this
place. The summits of Owens Valley is higher than
they emerge if you observe from a distance.
ves forests of the tide
Mangroves are
outstanding adapters who are able to live life in
hard environment. There are two
systems
---ultrafiltration system and complex root system
enabling them to survive at the
intersection
of land and sea. Meanwhile ,Mangroves have
strategic importance. river-borne
sediments
can be held by the roots and the erosive power of
waves can be reduced by their trunks
and
branches.
ves are various and similar. False
can find mangroves in Singapore .Not given
ves had played an important role in the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami and saved lives. Not
given
4. Bangladesh is mentioned to have
spent a huge sum of money on the mangroves. True
5. In order to avoid loss, shrimp farmers will
cut down the amount of ponds regularly .False
farming will greatly influence the function of
mangroves that holding the carbon. True
two
of the following are not mentioned to have put
mangrove survival in danger?
Increasing
greenhouse gasshrimp export
of species&
continent Formation
Wegener found that
continental drift instead of “land bridge” theory
could explain strange species’
distribution
phenomenon .In his theory, vegetation and wildlife
migrated intercontinentally.
However, Eduard
Suess compared the winkle of curst to withering
skin of an old apple. Now it is
well known
that we are living on a constant mobile tectonic
plates instead of what Suess described.
Hot
pot in biogeography are switched to concern
between two terms: dispersalism and
vicarisanism.
ch on the tree crown
ists keep trying new methods to access to the
canopy of the treetop. Though early attempt
succeed in building an observation platform
yet the help of the locals was imperative: Further
innovations made by the French who built a
platform with quipments by using balloons. Later
the
“floating ” platform of raft is
serving as an island in the treetops. Then finally
, there came the
next major breakthrough inn
Panama, Scientist applied cranes to access to the
treetops, which are
proved to be he center of
canopy research in today and in the future.
hunting
purpose of collecting seeds now is
different from the past true
millennium seed
bank is the earliest seed bank not given
3.a
major reason for plant species extinction is
farmland expansion. True
approach that
scientists apply to reserve the seeds is similar
to that used by farmers true
pment of
technology is the only hope to save plant species.
False
6. The works of seed conservation are
often limited by financial problems True
Some
people collecting seeds for the purpose of
protecting certain species from extinction, others
collect seeds for their ability to produce
drugs or crops .They are called seeds hunters. The
pioneers of them included both gardeners and
botanists, such as Sir Joseph banks who
financially supported collectors out of his
own pockets. The seeds collected are usually
stored in
seed banks, one of which is the
famous millennium seed bank, where seed are all
stored in the
underground vaults at a low
temperature.
Which two of the following are
provided by plants to the human.
Food and
fuels
11. the extinct grass in Britain
name of interrupted brome comes from the
unprepossessing grass disappeared from places in
the world from a period. False
upted brome
became extinct because there are no seeds in the
lab area at Pampisford. False
smith comes
from university of Cambridge. Not given
h
nature will operate to recover interrupted brome
on the success of survival in Kew True
interrupted brome seeds were brought into Britain
Exactly the year on demand for fodder
crop
feeding horses and other livestock. False
upted brome grow poorly in some modern
agricultural with other plants thrived True
publicity plays a significant role to make
interrupted brome continues to exist. Not given
12. the perfume hunters
ctures can choose
to use synthetic odors for the perfume nowadays.
True
scar is chosen to be a place for hunting
plants which are rare in other parts of the world.
True
ing the smell is one of the most
important things for creating new aromas not given
4. The technique the hunters used to trap
fragrance molecules is totally out of their
ingenuity.
False
customers prefer the
perfume made of substance extracted from the musk
glands of
animals. Not given
treatment
2:reed bed
red bed system is a conventional
method for water treatment in urban area. False
2. In the reed roots, there’s a series of
process that help breakdown the pollutants. True
chia coil is the most difficult bacteria to be
dismissed not given
advantage of the down-
flow system
It can deal with a more seriously
polluted efflunent
The disadvantage of the
down-flow system
It has more beds than
otherit can’t work all the time because the pool
needs time to rest
and recover after a certain
period.
The advantage of the horizontal flow
system
It needs less control and doesn’t need
to be taken care of all the time
The system is
easy to be built
The disadvantage of the
horizontal flow system
It is less effective
and efficient
Which are the two benefits of
natural bed system when compared to the
conventional systems
They are visually good
and environmental friendly
They are easily to
be built and cost less.
14. when the tulip
bubble burst
1624, all the tulip
collection belonged to a man in Amsterdam. True
was first planted in Holland according to the
passage False
3. Popularity of tulip in
Holland was much higher than any other countries
in 17
th
century true
4. Holland was
the most wealthy country in the world in the 17
century not given
5. from 1630,Amsterdam stock
exchange started to regulate tulips exchange
market false.
Dutch concentrated on gaining
independence by fighting against Spain in the
early 17
th
century,
consequently spare
resources entered the area of commerce. prosperous
traders demonstrated their
status by building
flower gardens in surroundings. Attracted by the
success of profit on tulip,
traders kept
looking for flower lovers and speculator for sale.