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阅读理解练习题含答案含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解

There's a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.
Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the
lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too --- that's why it made Nov 16th


But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance
consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each
other's fool --- that is the first law of nature.

Very often, people don't realize that they're intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to
do with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is in part about the treatment of females by
males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don't put
themselves in the shoes of women.

It's worth thinking a little about the words and Are they the best
words to describe the evils of which we're speaking here? To agree to be
isn't necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's
something wrong with them.

Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that
we all share. That's the reason we should be tolerant. It's a little like generosity. We can give
things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.

（1）What's the purpose of the UN

A. To arouse people's awareness of tolerance among people. B. To celebrate the founding of
the UN.

C. To solve the problem of global warming. D. To change peopled opinion towards
globalization.

（2）Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?

A. Because men don't realize the purpose of the UN. B. Because men are physically stronger
than women.

C. Because men don't appreciate the shoes of women. D. Because men are not willing to
understand women.

（3）Why is it meaningless to use the words

A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B. Because they don't express the exact
meaning people refer to.

C. Because they can't be translated into other languages. D. Because they can't be used in a
respectful way.

（4）In what sense is

A. Humans are advised to treat others better. B. Humans leant to find faults in others.

C. Humans need to give something to others, D. Humans will change their attitudes to
others.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【 分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了国际宽容日，联合国国际宽容日的目的
是唤起人们对宽容的意识。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Marley understood that part of the reason why there
are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands
this too --- that's why it made Nov 16th 'International Day for Tolerance'.”可推断，世界上的人
们缺乏包容，因此联合国把11月16日设置为 “国际宽容日”是为了唤起人们的包容意识。
故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But often, the behavior of men toward women is
intolerant because men don't put themselves in the shoes of women.”可知，男性对 女性不包容
是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Are they the best words to describe the evils of
which we're speaking here? To agree to be 'tolerant' of someone isn't necessarily a very
respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's something wrong with them.”
可知，对某人宽容并不一定是一件值得尊重 的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问
题，因此推断使用“宽容”或者“不宽容”是没有意义的， 因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的
意思。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's a little like generosity. We can give things to
another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.”可推断，在我们给与别人谅解时，宽容
有点像慷慨。故选C。
< br>【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系 ，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。


2．阅读理解

Even if you've never been to Phoenix, you know this about the place It's hot. From June to
September, the temperature can easily surpass the century mark. But that doesn't stop hikers
from attempting the 1.3-mile hiking to the top of the city's famed Camelback Mountain. Signs
warn that the trail is
liter of water per person. And if you're still not stopped, another sign farther up declares:
you're halfway through your water, turn around!

Unfortunately, many people to not take the warnings seriously. Fortunate y, Scott Cullymore
does. The 53-year-old Cullymore can be found hiking up and down Camelback a couple of times a
day, giving out cold bottles of water to worn- out hikers. He has helped hydrate so many hikers
that he has earned a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel.

Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in 2015 when a British tourist died after being
lost for nearly six hours in the July heat. That experience inspired him to start helping people
caught unaware by the cruelty of Mother Nature.

overestimate what they can do, and they get themselves in trouble.

One hiker who was offered water agrees.
here in the desert and it surrounds you like a blanket,
high school friend. They were lucky, he said pointing to Cullymore. ran into this Good
Samaritan here.

（1）What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The risks involved in the hiking. B. The seriousness of the warnings.

C. The distribution of signs that warn hikers. D. The influence of the temperature on hikers.

（2）Why did some hikers on Camelback Mountain get in trouble?

A. They were not well trained in hiking.

B. They forgot to take enough water with them.

C. They were too optimistic about the situation.

D. They were not fit enough to hike the mountain.

（3）What can we know about Austin Hill?

A. He agreed to help others. B. He was saved by Cullymore.

C. He hiked alone in the desert. D. He regretted taking a blanket.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. The Camelback Mountain B. Surviving the Heat

C. Hikers in Need D. The Water Angel

【答案】 （1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，远足者低估夏日的Camelback Mountain 同时 高估自
己的能力，所以在远足途中遇到麻烦，Cullymore了解情况后决定帮助他们。Cully more通
过在炎炎夏日给那些远足者提供水而被人们亲切地称为“水天使”。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的”From June to September, the temperature can easily
surpass the century mark“；”Signs warn that the trail is ‘extremely difficult’“；”If you continue,
a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person. “和“If you're halfway through your
water, turn around!”可知在夏天去Camelback Mountain远足是非常艰难的，原因有两个：一
个是温度很高，另一个是水。 故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”They underestimate the mountain, and they
overestimate what they can do, and they get themselves in trouble.“可知人们低估了这座山 ，
同时高估了自己的能力，因此他们陷入麻烦中，即对情况感到过于乐观导致他们涉险。故
选C 。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”They were lucky, he said pointing to Cullymore. ‘We
ran into this Good Samaritan here.’”可知Austin Hill说他们很幸运，因为他们遇到了< br>Cullymore这个乐善好施的人，故推测Cullymore救了他。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“He has helped hydrate so many hikers that he has
earned a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel.”和最后一段中的“And with that, the Water Angel

goes in search of another hiker in need.”以及文章主要内容可知，本文主要叙述了Cullymore
通过在山上给登山者发 水来帮助他们，从而得到“水天使”的昵称，即本文主要讲述“水天
使”的故事。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇故 事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和 归纳，从而选出正确答案。


3．阅读理解

Basic information about three classical movies

1 Forrest Gump

is as stupid does,says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning
performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a
bus. Despite his sub- normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of
the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century... (Click here to show more)

Rating: PG-13 (Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)


Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance

Directed By: Robert Zemeckis

Written By: Eric Roth

In Theaters: Jul 6, 1994 Wide

On DiscStreaming: Aug 28, 2001

Box Office： $$ 330,000,000

Runtime: 142 minutes

Studio: Paramount Pictures

2 Rain Man

Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his long-
estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitt's $$ 3 million estate,
Charlie learns that all he's inherited is his dad's prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster.
Discovering that the $$ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his
home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is…(Click here to show more)

Rating: R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)

Genre: Drama

Directed By: Barry Levinson

Written By: Ronald Bass, Barry Morrow, David Rayfiel, Barry Levinson

In Theaters: Dec 16, 1988 Wide

On DiscStreaming: Jan 1, 2000

Runtime: 133 minutes

Studio: MGM

3 The Shawshank Redemption

In 1946, a banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even
though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. He's sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank
State Prison in Maine, where another lifer, Ellis
the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. But... (Click here to show more)

Rating: R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)


Genre: A Prison Drama

Directed By: Frank Darabont

Written By: Frank Darabont

In Theaters: Sep 10, 1994 Wide

On DiscStreaming: Jan 27, 1998

Runtime: 142 minutes

Studio: Columbia Pictures

（1）Who is the director of Rain Man?

Darabont.

Morrow.

Levinson

Zemeckis.

（2）The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .

drama

e





（3）Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?

Dufresne.

e Babbitt.

t Gump.

Man.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文， 介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。这三部电影是
《阿甘正传》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救赎》。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Rain Man部分中的“Directed By: Barry Levinson”可知，Rain Man
的导演是Barry Levinson。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据The Shaw shank Redemption部分中的“Genre: A Prison Drama，”
可知，The Shaw shank Redemption电影的体裁是A Prison Drama监狱剧，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Forrest Gump部分中的is as stupid does,’says Forrest
Gump ... Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（Forrest
Gump）的饰演者汤姆·汉克斯 说...。尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘过着一种真正
令人神往的生活。可知，阿甘的智力 不高，所以不聪明。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅 读，考生需要准确掌握细节
信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


4．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
you have just read.

When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If
that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a
little discouraging.

But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at
that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —
something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.

It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found
herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the
work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling
people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This,
naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances
became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as
modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she
brought the style to life.

In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her
expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The
expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this
lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.

Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either
completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she
started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one
moment Duncan doubted her own genius.

There is an old quotation
life believing that it is stupid.
a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.

（1）What does the underlined phrase

used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.

was good at burning away everyday troubles.

es turned Duncan into a confident girl.

es lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?

experience in New York was the foundation of her career.

teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.

dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.

mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.

（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?

is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.

ody is a genius in his own way.

es come from human stupidity.

rs can impact students greatly.

（4）What is this passage mainly about?

a Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.

's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.

a Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.

's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文， 伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述
了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Not only was she already talented enough to earn
money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使 在那个年龄，她也有足
够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that is
already burning inside of her ”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为
“用困难推 动她向梦想前进”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted,
confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the
world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these
instances became less frequent. ”可知，她自信地 告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在
世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑， 但随着她的工作越来越
多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。 故选
C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will
live its whole life believing that it is stupi d.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都
会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊 莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光
彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人 都是独特的天才。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞 ，文章主要介绍了她的经历
以及所取得的成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细 节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息 的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


5．阅读理解

On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic
devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a

professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all
this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.

Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot
of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力
的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.

So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired
brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world
attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take
time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat
and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.

Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying
outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is
another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband
and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.

At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to
nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm
the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with
nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in
nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.

（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?

A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.

B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.

C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.

D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.

（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?

A. To try another lifestyle. B. To refresh our brain.

C. To make better decisions. D. To play with our family and friends.

（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?

A. Reborn B. Memorable C. Remarkable D. Tiring

（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?

A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain. B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.

C. Tips on Using New Technologies. D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】 【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因
而鼓励人们多进行户外活 动，让大脑休息。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news
and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信
息 给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选

C 。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature ,
Strayer claims , helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可
以让我们疲惫的大脑远离 科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据前文Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys
camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work
he must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好 准备，故
可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。

（4）主 旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们
多进行户外活动，让大脑 休息，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型 的考查，是一
篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略< br>读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上
下文进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


6．阅读理解

Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You
hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else's life. At one type of library, you
can do just that--even though there's not a single book.


At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as
human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book --meaning they would have a
one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's
experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧
视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other
aspects of their life

For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are
as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with
some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a
homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge
their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise
make a quick judgment about.

According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected,
appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and
understand the experiences of others in their community.

The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel,
his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern
European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of
this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.

Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren't places at all, but events.
Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don't need a library card—anyone can come
and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in
universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.

The stories these tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in
between. And that's the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed
up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by
its title or label.

（1）The “books” in human libraries are____________.

A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble

C. events in which people can talk to volunteers D. unfairly-treated people sharing their
experiences

（2）The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______.

A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence B. attempted to replace traditional
physical libraries

C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization D. led to a pleasing development for
the community with racism

（3）In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________.

A. deepen their understanding of people B. enrich their own personal experiences

C. hear the stories from all over the world D. make quick judgments about the “books”

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to _________.

A. compare and evaluate B. inform and explain

C. discuss and persuade D. analyze and suggest

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信
息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿 者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故
事，加深对他人的了解。

（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的 “At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow”
people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the
book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a
dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who
have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age,
lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上
人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了 种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这
些人交谈，了解他们的经历。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in
Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a
four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence

among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization,
which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事 举行
了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建< br>立了the Human Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知 ，在Copenhagen举
行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organ ization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠
定了该组织的基础，故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and
understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会给提
供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过the Human Library， 人们可以加深对他
人的了解。故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human
Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还 介绍了
the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human
Library，结合选项，告知解释。故答案选B。

【点评】推理题的解题方法： （1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段
话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分 析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，
从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。（2） 整合全文（ 段）信息进行推断。有时需要在
弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判 断，确定最佳结
论。（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬 性
反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就
能在 把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。 （4）根据文章的结论推断作者
的态度。 作者态 度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描
写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同 情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色
彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的 词语之中。 （5）根据上下文的逻辑得出
结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例 证等一系列论据材料进行推
理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去 理解文章的
内涵。 （6）结合已有的知识进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己< br>掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。


7．阅读理解

It took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to
get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so
dark that I couldn't see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the
weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm.

There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的)anymore. There was still no
power, hot water or food. Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed
since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who
had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.

As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less
severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However,

I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we
shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a run-down
hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no
running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.

I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving
around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head
west towards where I had come from.
remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport
was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.

All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record
the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many
people would go into the eye of an intense storm.

（1）We can know from the passage that “Rita” is ________.

A. a pet B. a storm C. a friend of the author D. a citizen in Houston

（2）What can we infer from the passage?

A. The author was a storm chaser. B. The storm lasted for at least a week.

C. The author didn't like Houston at all. D. Houston was very badly damaged by the storm.

（3）How did the author probably feel after the storm?

A. Anxious. B. Disappointed. C. Satisfied. D. Scared.

（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Ways to survive in a storm. B. The weather changes in Houston.

C. The author's experience in the storm. D. Damages caused by the storm in Houston.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的 一场风暴Rita，作
者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者 非常热
爱自己的这份工作。

(1)推理判断题。由第二段Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed
since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who
had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.可知，天气预报报道R ita离
开了，它让许多人们失去了家园，甚至失去了生命。结合第一段中I took a pressure reading
from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the
storm.可推知，是一次风暴，选B。

(2)推理判断题。由第三段However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45
gallons of petrol.可推知，作者是一位风暴追逐者，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由最后一段All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it
again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous,
I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.可推知，在这次风

暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C。

(4)主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并
且记录 这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作，故
选C。

【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只 能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手
段中体会出来。

询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说),
advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例
说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。

询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的),
satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的),
matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的),
doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。


8．阅读理解

Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative
interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be
frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.

Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching
people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of
positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from
the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer
satisfaction and productivity levels.

More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you
experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body
produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and
activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You assume that situations are worse
than they actually are.

When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive
exchanges increase your body's production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to
communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are
less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.

We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange.
Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you're having a conversation, keep this
simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what's
going right.

Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely
spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly
20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a
person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the

remaining time to address weaknesses.

（1）The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means

A. stop listening B. change one's mind C. sing aloud D. be crazy

（2）What will happen if you experience negative emotions?

A. The situations are sure to become worse. B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.

C. You will feel an urge to improve and become better. D. You'll be motivated to resolve
conflicts with people.

（3）From Paragraph 4, we can learn that

A. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling B. positive interactions have
greater effects than negative ones

C. our conversation should center on what needs improvement D. the effect of negative
feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Harmful Negatives B. More Positive Interactions

C. How to Be a Productive Manager D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要讲述通过一些关于日常经验的研 究证明，当你因为
批评或遭到拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你 的
思维，激活冲突和防御的机制。而当你体验到积极的互动时，积极的交流会增加你与他人
沟通 、合作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极的影响更持久，它需要三到五个积极
的互动才能去掉一个 负面互动。这给我们一个启示，在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会
调动人的积极性。

（1）考查猜测词义题。根据第一段中的内容可知，一些关于日常经验的最好研究是建立在
积极和消极 互动率的基础上的，这证明了盲目的积极或消极会使其他人感到沮丧或烦恼，
或者干脆把不理睬。分析选 项的内容可知A项符合题意。

（2）考查细节理解题。根据第三段中的中间部分“When you experience negative emotions
as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress
hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates （激活） conflict and defense
mechanisms （机制）.” 可知，你经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，
它关闭了你的思维机制 和激活你的防御机制。由此可判断B项是正确的。

（3）考查细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less
dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”可知，积极面事件的影响不如消极的影
响更持久。由此判断出D项正确。

（4）考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一些关于日常经验的研究证明，当你因为批评或遭
到拒绝而经历 负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你的思维，激
活冲突和防御的机制。而当你 体验到积极的互动时， 积极的交流会增加你与他人沟通、合
作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极 的影响更持久，它需要三到五个积极的互动才

能去掉一个负面互动。这给我们一个启示， 在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会调动人的
积极性。分析选项可知B项正确。

【点 评】科普文客观题的解题方法1.“找”。读完材料，审完题干(题干不可不审清)，可根据
题干确定选 项的大致范围，开始找与选项相对应的句子，然后再进行合理的想象、推理及
判断。有时候选项的语句散 见于文章的各处，也一定找准原句。2.“比”。比较时重在关注意
思、关注逻辑关系。有时需要统观全 篇，不能只盯住一处。3.“判断”。推断时，切不可只凭
主观臆断，一定要找到确切的根据，找到合理 的解释。


9．阅读理解

America is well known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but
nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.

Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live alongside third-generation Greeks and first-
generation Koreans, all united by a common feeling of pride in their American identity. However,
they are also proud and curious about their ancestral roots. National Geographic's Genographic
Project, also known as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the origins by examining their
genetic makeup using a simple DNA test. What interested them more was something that
intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry. One recurring theme among immigrants seems
to be the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants
now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too. Here is one Queens resident's story.

Richard, 38

My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother
had died, and his father remarried. Tomas didn't like his stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium,
where he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a
job on the railroads in California. Then one day he saw an announcement in a newspaper that
was read by immigrants. It was from his brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in
America and was looking for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion in New
York, where Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that my grandmother has passed down
to us, to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is an amazing woman and I suppose: the
one who holds us all together. She's actually quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family
details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong family bond and a strong sense of
belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.

（1）What is special about Queens?

A. Conflicting ethnic minorities live here.

B. Many foreigners like to travel to this place.

C. The pronunciation varies from person to person.

D. Many different people and cultures are gathering here.

（2）What does the

A. A sad experience. B. A common subject.

C. An unknown topic. D. An unusual quality.

（3）Which of the following can best describe Tomas?

A. Brave and independent. B. Tough and honest.

C. Talented and persistent. D. Kind and hard-working.

（4）What can we know about the immigrants from the text?

A. They are ashamed of their roots.

B. They feel attached to their family.

C. They can't fit in with the new surroundings.

D. They are less interested in recent generations.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，美国是一个种族和文化的大熔炉，尽管移民在
美国生活了几代，但他们 仍对自己的祖辈感到骄傲和好奇。祖辈的努力和牺牲让他们有强
烈的家庭归属感，也激励着他们更加努力 。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“America is well known for being a melting pot of
different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in
Queens, New York.”可知，美 国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，但这种多样性在纽约的皇后区
最为明显，即：皇后区汇集了不同种族的人 和文化。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be
the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants now
feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too.”移民中 ……似乎是为了建立新生活他们所
付出的努力和牺牲，以及他们的后代应该感到有责任通过努力工作来纪 念他们的努力。联
系上下文，可知这是很多移民谈到的话题，故推测划线部分的意思是“一个共同的主题 ” 。
故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship
to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in
Cali fornia.”可知Tomas没有买票一个人坐上了到美国的轮船，到了美国后身无分文在火车
站找 了一份工作，这些体现了Tomas的勇敢和独立。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“What interested them more was something that
intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry.”和最后一段中的“She's actually quite forgetful
now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong
family bond and a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to
steered here.”可知美国移民对他们 祖辈的历史更感兴趣；Richard的祖母忘不了家庭细节意
味着他们有强烈的家庭纽带和归属感，即 这些移民看重家庭以及对家庭的依恋。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测 和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟
类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻 辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


10．阅读理解

Do you have a spare room in your house? What about a driveway for your car? Both of these
can help you make money. Many people who are feeling the pinch are taking advantage of what's
been called the “sharing economy”.

Perhaps the best-known example of a company in this field is Airbnb---an American web
business which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers. It says it operates in
34,000 cities and it has over 1,500,000 seems to have concerned the market!

A British company is doing something with parking spaces. JustPark's founder, Anthony Eskinazi,
says,“When I had the original idea, Ispotted a driveway close to a sports stadium. It would have
been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in commercial car
park.” And he has a big clientele（客户）:around 20,000 people have advertised their spaces on
the site, and he says around half a million drivers use it. There are other sites doing very similar
things, like Uber and Lyft---these let drivers share their cars with other passengers. Any driver
knows how valuable a place to park is .A church near Kings Cross in central London has
apparently made over £200,000 by renting out space in its yard to travelers!

Because this is a new business world, those rules aren't there yet and many people are happy
to share...as long as it pays!

But the sharing economy has its critics: the competitors of these new companies. People who
run things like traditional B&B, commercial car parks and taxi services are afraid of ending up out
of pocket. And there is another issue: regulations on these new business are unclear. How will
renting out your driveway affect your neighbor?

（1）What does the underlined phrase “feeling the pinch” probably mean?

A. Lacking in money B. Full of curiosity

C. Willing to help others D. Unsatisfied with their life

（2）Who may be against the sharing economy?

A. A taxi driver who can't find a parking place B. A priest in the church near Kings Cross

C. A traveller who needs accomodiation D. A well-known high-end holiday hotel

（3）Why are many people pleased to share according to paragraph 4?

A. They can gain huge profits B. They needn't pay any fee

C. There are few rules to limit them D. The new business has no risks

（4）Which of the following words can best describe the booming business?

A. Creative and developed B. Competitive but unpractical

C. Effective and worrying D. Traditional and acceptable

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【 分析】本文是一片应用文，介绍了一些能够获益的方法与例子．文中通过几个
例子告诉我们只要能够用心 观察每一处的机会，你就会成功从中获益。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Both of these can help you make money”推出feeling
the pinch指的是那些缺钱的人出租自己的东西来获取利润。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。 在第二和第三段举了很多出租自己物品的例子，如：出租车司机，教
堂里的牧师，旅行者。一家住房率很 高的知名酒店肯定不需要共享。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Because this is a new business world，those rules
aren't there yet and many people are happy to share-as long as it p ays!”这句话告诉我们这种共

享经济由于是新事物而且没有规则约束，受到很多人的 欢迎。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。文章介绍里一种出租自己闲置物品的赚钱途径即共享经 济，可以带来
利益，但在最后一段中的“regulations on these new businesses are unclear”对这个新行业的规
则还不明确。所以确定答案为Effective but worrying。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型 的考查，是一篇介绍类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案 。


11．阅读理解

The great- grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is at the age of
91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo. Takamizawa was one
of the more than 200, 00 people who requested to volunteer for Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is
not required for service, but it is a useful skill for volunteers to have.

But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa
said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said,
English was banned because it was the enemy language.

Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn.

one word a day' Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and main English teacher. Natsuko
sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone every day. They also often work together
directly on phrases that Takamizawa will need for the Olympics.
Olympic stadium, how can I help you?
she has learned. Natsuko explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy.


The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a country. Japan
ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language. This situation is slowly
changing as younger generations welcome English. However, Takamizawa believes real change
will not happen unless Japanese people become more open to the rest of the world. With around
500 days to go until the games begin, the whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the
world to Tokyo.

（1）Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?

A. Because English was useless. B. Because she was too young to learn English.

C. Because English was forbidden to learn. D. Because she was unwilling to learn English.

（2）What can we know from the third paragraph?

A. Takamizawa gets strong support from her family.

B. Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.

C. Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher.

D. Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.

（3）What does the underlined phrase

A. English is not the first language in Japan.

B. The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low.

C. Younger generations in Japan welcome English.

D. Japanese people become open to the rest of the world.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. It is never too late to learn.

C. The early bird catches the worm. D. Two heads are better than one.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa为了做好迎接在东京举行的2020奥运会的志愿工作，在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下开始学习英语。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the
language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War
Two started. She said, ‘In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy
language.’”可知，是在她高中二年级时第二次世界大战大战爆发了，而英语因 为是敌人的语
言被禁止了，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade
her that she was not too old to learn. ‘When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they
said, ‘It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ”.可知她的孙辈说服并且帮助她学习
英语，因此推断她从家人那里得到很大的支持。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not
the first language.” 在英语不是第一语言的国家中，日本排名第49位。可知“This situation”
指的是在日本人的英语水平相对较低，故选B。

（4）考查 主旨大意。文章主要介绍了日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa在孙辈的鼓励和帮助
下学习英语，从 她身上体现了“活到老，学到老”的精神，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义 猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上 下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


12．阅读理解

Research finds out why some people are constantly under attack from the bloodsucking insects
while others walk free.

For those unfortunate enough to feature highly on the mosquito hit list, summer nights can be
synonymous with mosquito bites. Yet others hardly ever get bitten. So how do the bloodthirsty
insects select their victims?

The insects' tastes may seem arbitrary. However, research shows that when mosquitoes make
their choices between potential victims, it all comes down to scent (气味).

“Mosquitoes are attracted by carbon dioxide and heat, which everyone gives off. But
mosquitoes are also attracted by certain scents,” says Karl- Martin Vagn Jensen, the head of
research at the Department of Agricultural Science at Arhus University.

According to Jensen, it has not yet been confirmed exactly what the scents in question are. But

research does indicate that some scents are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.

“All the lab employees rubbed petri dishes (培养皿) against their stomachs. In that way, their
scents were put on the dishes, which were then put in a container full of mosquitoes,” he says.
“The mosquitoes repeatedly landed on some of the petri dishes, but didn't go anywhere near the
others.”

Perhaps taking inspiration from popular fiction, there are also those who consider garlic as an
excellent repellent (驱虫剂) against the winged bloodsuckers. According to the researcher, this
strategy may not be entirely fruitless. “As far as I know, there is no scientific proof that eating
garlic works. But there may be something to the theory that it's possible to mask scent with
garlic,” he says. The only reliable method of protection against mosquitoes is to use repellents
that are sold over the counter. It contains some smells that can confuse the mosquitoes. When
the mosquito comes closer, it uses smell, heat and carbon dioxide to decide whether to bite. But
if it is confused by a repellent, it will never get that far.

（1）Which of the following can best replace the phrase underlined in Paragraph 2?

A. Be equal to. B. Be accessible to. C. Be harmful to. D. Be beneficial to.

（2）What can we infer about the scents attracting mosquitoes?

A. Mosquitoes can be attracted by various scents. B. Some kinds of scents appeal to
mosquitoes in particular.

C. The lab employees use petri dishes to deposit their scents. D. Mosquitoes are arbitrary
when it comes to different scents.

（3）What is the main idea of the last Paragraph?

A. A new strategy is used in researching repellents. B. Garlic is considered to be an excellent
repellent.

C. Using repellents is an effective way against mosquitoes. D. The inspiration against
mosquitoes is from popular fiction.

（4）Where is the text most probably taken from?

A. Science fiction. B. A biography. C. A medical report. D. A research paper.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了为什么有些人经常受到吸血昆虫的攻击。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“For those unfortunate enough to feature highly on the
mosquito hit list, summer nights can be synonymous with mosquito bites. ”对于那些不幸被蚊子
叮咬的人来说，夏夜可以成为蚊子叮咬的同义词。也就是说“夏夜 等同于蚊子的叮咬”，故
选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Mosquitoes are attracted by carbon dioxide and heat,
which everyone gives off. But mosquitoes are also attracted by certain scents,”可知，某些种类
的气味对蚊子尤其有吸引力。故选B。

（3）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“The only reliable method of protection against

mosquitoes is to use repellents that are sold over the counter. It contains some smells that can
confuse the mosquitoes.”可知，使用驱虫剂是对付蚊子的有效方法。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Research finds out why some people are constantly
under attack from the bloodsucking insects while others walk free.”可知，这篇文章最有可能来
自一篇研究论文。故选D。

【点评】本题考 点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑 关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。



13．阅读理解

Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and
habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing
fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise
in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime
coral bleaching (白化现象) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to
abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a
study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them
sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs
and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the
Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the
largest coral reef system in the world.

coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the
whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a
place to settle,
UK.

By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract
twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.
crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way
could help to kick- start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many
coral reefs around the world,

（1）What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?

e species.

pollution.

g industry.

ng temperatures.

（2）What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?

ng damaged coral reefs.

loudspeakers to keep fish away.

ng new homes for sea species.

g certain sounds to appeal to fish.

（3）Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?

provide some findings of the study.

show the progress of the experiment.

explain reasons for the new approach.

give another solution to the problem.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

attempts are in vain.

l recovery is impossible.

l success has been achieved.

coral reefs have returned to normal.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、
更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系 统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近
使用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释 了采用这一方法的
原因以及这一新方法获得了初步成功。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, the rise in average water temperatures due
to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime u coral bleaching events that
damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them .”然而，由于气候变化
导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它们的健康 ，导致鱼
类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists
from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near
damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the
natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life fo rms.”为了恢复这一脆弱的生
态系统，来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损 的珊瑚礁附近使用
水下扩音器，让它们听起来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及 其
依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-
the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.”健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的
地方——虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知，引用Steve Simpson的话是为了解释采用这
一新方法的原因。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of
dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds
were played.”通过使用扩音器来模仿 这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没有声音的地
方能吸引两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得 了成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保 类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


14．阅读理解

As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and
hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold
out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.

While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from
Brigham Young University(BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than
previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor
determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.

For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare
daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with
emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated
at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.

Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown
that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it
does on darker days. What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in
turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.

If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers
found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar.
Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an
impact on mental health.


were not significantly correlated with clients' scores on the distress measure once we had
accounted for suntime,Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the
study's lead author, told The Huffington Post.
other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.

（1）What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?

ed the benefits of sunshine.

hibernating in springtime.

up in a blanket in cold weather.

sunshine even in cold weather.

（2）The underlined word

sharply.

unstably.

slightly.

greatly.

（3）What does the passage say about the research done by BYU?

is done on normal adults of various ages.

is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone.

concludes the sunshine means happiness.

finds that temperature affects mental health.

（4）What can be inferred from the passage?

vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic

research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief.

more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel.

link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 研究表明：阳光照射是影响心理健康结果的最重要
的天气因素。换句话说：阳光越多，幸福越多。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But making time to get outside in the sun, even when
it's cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might rea lize”花时间晒太阳，甚至当外
面很冷的时候也要这样做，这可能对你的情绪有很大好处。可知，作 者建议我们晒太阳，
哪怕天气很冷。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should
remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is
reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar.”如果你获得足够的阳光，你的情绪应该会保持相
对地稳定。可以推知，当光照量减少的时候，人们的情绪就不会那么稳定，痛苦情绪就会
增加。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest
weather- related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine,
more happiness. ”研究发现，阳光照射是影响心理健康结果最重要的天气因素。换句话说：
阳光越多，越快乐。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and
other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that”人们倾向
于将雨天、 污染和其他气象现象与悲伤或抑郁联系起来，但我们的研究没有发现这一点。
可知，BYU的研究结果和 大众的看法不一致。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题 型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，从而选
出正确答案。


15．阅读理解

In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who
suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later,
KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is
largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.

Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in
newsrooms. is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all

newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.

Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said,
your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So
much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's
door. You just sit at your desk and do it.

Another journalist says,
the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work
in.

In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote,
worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced
report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens
of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.

And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is
becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret
Sullivan. and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely
important to question and to prove before publication.
doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors,
of the advantage of a story
another bite at the cherry.

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.

count a lot

ces are limited

s are tight

lists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

can't sell without something related to the truth.

are like a flame blown by the wind.

people are easy to cheat by the false news online.

D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?

ve.

tive.

cal.

l.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

of false stories.

of online false news.

of journalists.

ve laws needed to regulate the online news.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B
< br>【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象
的原因及 人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print
something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”可知Brooke Binkowski
认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue
of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与
D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than
ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret
Sullivan认为编辑一定要 更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻
是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对
此的 态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是 一篇社会现象
类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确< br>答案。


16．阅读理解

I am astonished at the way God knows when to send a special gift of encouragement at just the
right time! It might be in a dream, a lost letter, a memory, or something found that we'd
forgotten about.

My grandmother was from a town in Michigan. And summer after summer I enjoyed staying
with my grandparents as a young child. I was from the city and loved the small town where they
lived. People knew everyone, their children, their pets, their ancestors.

Grandma was always using her hands for something exciting …She would make sandwiches and
we'd have tea parties, plant flowers and carefully tend them. She loved knitting sweaters as well
as making beautiful quilts for her grandchildren. I remember the small thimble ( 顶 针 ) she
would place on her finger while doing her needlework.

A few years ago, when Grandma left this earth for her new residence in Heaven, I bid farewell
to my loving grandmother. How quickly our lives can change! We had just had tea together a
couple of months earlier, on her 91st birthday. I missed her very much, but I noticed it mostly on
my birthdays, because there was no card from Grandma. She'd never forgotten my birthday!

On one particular birthday when I was feeling a little low, something happened and made me
feel as if she was sharing that special day with me. I was arranging some colorful pillows that she
had made, and suddenly I felt something inside one pillow; it was small and hard. I moved the
object to a seam (缝) that I carefully opened, and, to my delight, out came a tiny silver thimble!

How happy I was to find something that had been a part of her! Not realizing k had fallen off

her finger, I pictured her sewing h into that little pillow that I just happened to fluff (抖松), to
place on my bedspread (床罩) that day. I carefully laid the thimble alongside the others Id
collected over the years. What a precious memory of a very special lady who, somehow, I knew,
was laughing in delight at sewing her thimble into my pillow. I heated the kettle and made some
tea, using my best china, as Grandma always did, and then enjoyed my tea and Grandma's
thimble. What a wonderful birthday that was!

（1）In the author's memory, what would her grandmother do?

A. She would make sandwiches and hamburgers for her family. B. She would wear a thimble
for needlework every day.

C. She would make beautiful quilts for money. D. She would look after the flowers in the
garden.

（2）What does the underlined word

A. The modern world's fast-changing life. B. The fact that the grandmother had passed away.

C. The author's missing her grandmother. D. The love the author got from her grandmother.

（3）How did the author feel when she found the thimble?

A. Surprised. B. Regretful. C. Guilty. D. Lonely.

（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. Grandma's Thimble B. Grandma's Life Story

C. The Joy of Finding Something Lost D. The Importance of Putting Things Away

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过祖母生活的点滴及她的 银顶针对作者的影
响，表达了作者和祖母之间浓浓的亲情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She would make sandwiches and we'd have tea parties,
plant flowers and carefully tend them.”可知，在作者的记忆中，她的祖母会照看花园里的
花。故选D。

（2）考查代词指代。根据第四段中的“I missed her very much, but I noticed it mostly on my
birthdays, because there was no card from Grandma. She'd never forgotten my birthday! ”我非
常想念她，但我大部分时间都是在我生日那天 注意到的，因为奶奶没有卡片。她永远不会
忘记我的生日！由此可知it指“作者想念她的祖母。”故选 C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“to my delight, out came a tiny silver thimble!”可知，当
她发现顶针时，她感到惊喜。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“I heated the kettle and made some tea, using my
best china, as Grandma always did, and then enjoyed my tea and Grandma's thimble. What a
wonderful birthday that was!”可知，本文主题是奶奶的Thimble。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理 解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基 础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26,
2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable
quotes for you?

Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group

— no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.
If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the
war,said Ma in Davos, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest
companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something
good.

Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD

is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help
people,分化的) world? That's the
topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can
unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and
we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,

Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip


first of all, shows that tourism is in Davos.
ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas,
these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,

Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun


cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use
'cloud', and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,Hu told
Xinhua in Davos.

（1）What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?

A. More huge jumps in profits. B. The joined efforts of mankind.

C. Reducing production costs. D. The role of science in business.

（2）What is the main business of Ctrip?

A. Tourism. B. The creation of AI. C. Computer. D. Financial service online.

（3）What does Hu think will promote global economic development?

A. Economy recovery. B. The World Economic Forum.

C. Cloud computing. D. Financial efficiency.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介 绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观
点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Jack Ma部分中的“I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one

can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.“和Richard Liu部分中的“I think a very important
thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think
we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people,
countries and companies and partners.”可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努
力，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Jane Sun部分中的“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered
Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.”可知
Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一部分中的“In 2018, people will see the development in
various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises
and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud'. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency
of technology and finance”可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提 高
技术和金融的效率。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型 的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。要求考
生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，从而选出正确答
案。


18．阅读理解

Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the
First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the
phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting,
didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62
floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who
also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black
smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her
jacket to keep the smoke out.

Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That
meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and
hope someone would come to rescue them.

Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to
breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they
crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly
smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything
they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt
weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.

As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m.,
firefighters found them.

Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter.
She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possible—the gift of
life.

（1）What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?

A. they tried to run down the stairs. B. they called their families.

C. they waited where they were. D. they rushed back and shut the door.

（2）The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .

A. calling 911 for help B. shutting the door and keeping the smoke out
with a jacket

C. breaking the windows to get some fresh air D. crowding in a small workroom for clean air

（3）What can we conclude from Skaar's action in the fire?

A. she was trained as a firefighter. B. she was cleverer than Oksas.

C. she had had the experience of being caught in fire. D. she remained calm in the face of
danger.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个女孩由于大火被困在 36层的大楼内，面
对危险她们临危不惧，终于安然脱险，幸免于难的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by
a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of
the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”可知他们走到走廊时想下 楼时，一团黑烟迎
面扑来。他们赶紧跑回去关上门，用她的夹克填满了门底部的空隙，把烟挡在外面。故 选
D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom
of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”；第二段中的“Then they called 911.”；以及
第三段中的“Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded
there.”可知在火灾中Skaar and Oksas为了生存做的事，C项没有，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space
at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. Looking
around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.和
they tried to break the windows,”这些Skaar的行为可知，面对火灾她保持镇静，从容面对。
故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确 掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


19．阅读理解

Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through
the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).

The brown- headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp
and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits,
which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small
insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours
climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.

The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and
female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a
single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about
16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed
spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.

Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very
intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like
spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus
(属)name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs.

Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern
South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.

（1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.

A. insects B. fruits C. flowers D. leaves

（2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?

A. They have five legs B. They live in small groups

C. Their tails can take their weight D. Their genus is the same as spiders'

（3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Permitted B. Forbidden C. Encouraged D. Ignored

（4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?

A. In a large community B. In trees with high branches

C. On their mothers' backs D. On their mothers' stomachs

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不
够时，也可以以花朵，种 子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈
的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈 的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large
community of about20to100 male and female monk eys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社
区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails
around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong m emories.蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相
用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为 他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒
与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。< br>
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Hunting the brown- headed spider monkey is now
barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for
their meat for hundreds of years.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的
记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs

until about 16 weeks old.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。

【点 评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息 ，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答
案。


20．阅读理解

Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (光合作用) while animals have all the
fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions
between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (协同进化) started with ants feeding on
plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.

Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have
evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even
mаmmаlѕ. Тhеѕе іnсludе hollow thorns that аntѕ will live іnѕіdе, or ехtra nесtаr (琼浆) оn lеаvеѕ
or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will
stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them
move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The
ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a
nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't
have to compete for resources.

But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got
started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their
neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a
chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take
advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.

The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's
not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance.
Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex
interactions evolved.

（1）Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to .

the ants

a fool of ants

e nutrition for the seeds

the seeds moved around

（2）What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

plants and ants interact.

ants do to protect plants.

plants and ants survive attacks.

plants and ants need co- evolution.

（3）Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?

depended more upon plants.

caused a race for better evolution.

it got started was uncertain.

was of little value for future studies.

（4）What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?

introduce a science research method.

inform readers of a latest research finding

arouse readers' interest in science research.

criticize people's traditional views about plants.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植 物之间的互动有着悠
久的历史。蚂蚁和植物的共同进化始于蚂蚁以植物为食，植物进化出对蚂蚁友好的特 征。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds
around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它
们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。故选D 。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of different structures that are
specific for ant use.”植物有许多不同的结构，这些结构是专门为蚂蚁使用的；以及“Some
ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything
that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by
providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”，有些蚂蚁会偷取花蜜逃跑，但
有些会留下来攻击任何试图伤害植物的东 西。其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是
在种子上附加丰富的食物包。可知，第二段主要讲了植物 和蚂蚁如何互动，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary
relationship between ants and plants got started.”但是科学家们并不确定蚂蚁和植物之间的进
化关系是如何开始的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that there is a long history of
interactions between ants and plants.”一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。是全文的主题句，由此推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者最新的研究结
果，故选B 。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。