初中英语-被动语态知识点和练习(无答案)
创业活动-合工大考研分数线
被动语态
【教学目标】
1．掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态的构成和基本用法。
2．掌握带有can，may，must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。
一.被动语态的定义
主动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。 语态有两种：
被动语态
如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
口诀: 谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
二.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，在句中be动词要有人称和数的变化。
【口诀】：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
三.主动语态和被动语态的转换
(一)主动语态变被动语态
1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变为主格。
2．把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)。
3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
【口诀】：
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
例如： He
mended the bike yesterday．→
主 谓
宾 、
The bike was mended
by him yesterday．
主
宾
(二)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be
+过去分词”构成，原来带to情态动词变成被动语态后“to”要保留。
【口诀】情态动词变被动， 情态加be加“过分”， 原来带to要保留。
例如：
We have to look after the dog．→ The dog has to be
looked after by us．
(三)含有宾语补足语的被动语态
含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。例如：
We keep food cold in the fridge．→ Food is kept
cold in the fridge．
注意：
主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带
to的不定式，在变成被动句中的主语补足语时，to不能省去。例如：
She heard him
sing a song just now．→ He was heard to sing a song
just now．
基础过关
1.—How beautiful your
hometown is!
—Yes，a number of trees ____
around Dazhou every year．Our environment is
getting better and better．
A．are plant
B．are planted C．are planting D．were
planted
被动语态结构
amisare done
waswere
done
amisare being done
waswere being done
shallwill be done
would be done
havehas been done
had been done
【解析】答案为B。本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every
year(每年)”可判断用一般现在时，又因主语“a number of
trees(大量的树
)”是谓语动词“plant(种植)”的承受者，用被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态为：am／is／are
+done
2. —David，turn off the TV ____ no one is
watching it． —But it ____ off already! The music
is from the radio．
A．so that；has been turned
B．when；has turned C．if；has been turned
D．because；has turned
【解析】答案为C。本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。
第二句中的it指代的是前句所说的TV，故与turn off之间为被动关系，
又因为alread
y为现在完成时的标志，故排除B、D两项；又根据第一句话可知“如果没有人在看电视的话，就把电视关上吧。
”
3. —Would you like to go to the movie with
me? —Sorry，I ____ to go out tonight．
A．won’t
be allowed B．am allowed C．don’t allow
D．will allow
【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。be
allowed to do sth．是“被允许做某事”的意思，根据句意“你愿意
和我一起去看电
影吗?”“对不起，今晚我不被允许外出。”可知用被动语态的否定形式，根据tonight(今晚)判断用一
般将来时，
一般将来时被动语态的否定结构是：will not be+done，故选择A。
4.—Mom，can I go out to play basketball?
—Sure．But your homework ____ first．
A．must be
finished B．must finish C．will finish
D．finish
【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。主语“your h
omework(你的作业)”是谓语动词finish(完成)的承受
者，其句意是“但是你的作业必
须首先被完成。”用含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be+done，故选择A。
5.
It’s common knowledge that black tea ____ in China
more than 600 years ago.
A．is invented
B．was invented C．invents D．invented
【解析】答案为B。本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据“more than 600
years ago(600多年前)”判断用一般过去时，又
因主语“black tea(红茶)”
是谓语动词invent(发明)的承受者，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was／were+do
ne
能力提高
’t put off today’s work for
tomorrow．I mean．today’s work ____today．
A．may
do B．must do C．may be done D．must
be done
【解析】不要把今天的工作推到明天，我的意思是今日的工作今日毕。因此应该用must
，work和do 的关系是被动。因此
选择D。 I mean，是常见的插入语。
2.
The number of deaths from heart disease will be
reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit
and vegetables.
A．persuade B. will
persuaded C. be persuaded Ｄ．are persuaded
[解析]尽管句中是指将来的事情，但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，在这时“如果人
们被说服或被劝告……”
含有被动之意，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
3.
Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a
storm which swept across the north of England last
night.
A． has been caused B. had been
caused C．will be caused D. will have been
caused
【解析】 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。
但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时B选项就错了。
暴风雨
是昨晚发生的事情，但是由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. The mayor of Beijing says that all
construction work of the Beijing Olympics
by 2015.
A. has been completed B. has
completed C. will have been completed D.
will have completed
【解析】题干中有明显的时间状语by
2015，是一个将来的时间。 短语by+将来时间和将来完成时连用，同时construction
和
complete 是被动关系， 故用将来完成时的被动语态。
5. Mary
go shopping with Tom in Qingdao last week
A．was seen to B．was seen C．has been
see D．has seen to
【解析】 see sb. do sth.
看到某人做某事。被动的时候to 要加回来。所以应该是 sb. be seen to do sth.
last week 是一个很明显
的过去时的时间状语。 所以用be
动词的过去形式，waswere Mary 是第三人称所以用was.
1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。
He has thought of a way
of solving the problem.
A way of solving the
problem has been thought of.
out happen
take place arrive become die disappear etc
不及物动词没有被动语态
The accident which happened
yesterday surprised me.
3.带双宾语的动词give
sendbring taketeachshow tell make sing write
sellbuy ask pay borrow lend hand
offerprovide
pastgetpromise
变被动语态有两种方法：
1. I
have given him the book.=He has been given the
book.=The book has been given to him.
2. My
father bought me a present on my last birthday.
(1)I was bought a present by my father on my
last birthday.
(2)A present was bought for me
by my father on my last birthday.
4、其他形式表示被动结构
“be +under in等介词+名词”结构可代替进行时被动语态。
The
city is under attack at the moment=The city is
being attacked at the moment .
The bridge is
under repair.=The bridge is being repaired.
The problem is under discussion at the
meeting. =The problem is being discussed .
5.表示状态特征的连系动词+adj.n., 用主动式表被动义。
(look,
sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear,...)
The steel feels cold．=This kind of cloth feels
soft.
That dog looks dangerous.
My advice proved to be wrong.
6)
表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well badlyeasilysmoothly,用主动式表被动义。
(read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open,
cook, lock, shut, dry, eat,drink,...)
The pen
writes smoothly．
The cloth washes well.
The poem reads smoothly.
The book sells well.
This shirt will wear very long.
The floor doesn’t clean easily.
This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that
kind.
7) 作“需要”讲的
wantneedrequire doing
wantneedrequire to be done
Your jacket
needs washing to be washed．
The plants want
watering to be watered every day.
The wall wants repairing to be repaired.
基础过关
1. More patients _________in hospital
this year than last year.
A．treated B. had
treated C. had been treated D. have been
treated
【解析】patients
是病人和治疗之间应该是被动语态。而今年与去年相比有更多的病人已经被治好。所以现在完成时的被动。
2. ---- The window is dirty.---- I know. It
________ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B.
didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t
been cleaned
【解析】for
是现在完成时的标志词，所以应该用现在完成时。窗户和清理之间应该是被动语态。答案为D
3.
--- George and Lucy got married. Did you go to
their wedding?--- No, I ___________. Did they
have a big wedding?
A．was not invited B.
have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
【解析】一般用什么时态提问用什么时态回答，did
是过去时的提问词。所以英语应用被动语态的过去时。 选择A
4． Every possible
means ____, but none ____ successful．
A．has
tried; has proved B．tried; proves C. has
been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved
【解析】表示状态特征的连系动词+adj.n., 用主动式表被动义。 (look,
sound, feel, smell, taste, prove,
appear,...)各种方法已经
被尝试，但是没有一个被证明是成功的。 答案为C
question he asked is hard ____ ．
A. for answer
B. to answer C．to be answered D.
answering
[解析]it is hard to do sth.
用主动表示被动。所以选择Ｂ
基础过关
1.—How beautiful your hometown
is!
—Yes，a number of trees ____ around
Dazhou every year．Our environment is getting
better and better．
A．are plant B．are
planted C．are planting D．were planted
2. —David，turn off the TV ____ no one is
watching it． —But it ____ off already! The music
is from the radio．
A．so that；has been turned
B．when；has turned C．if；has been turned
D．because；has turned
3. —Would you like to
go to the movie with me? —Sorry，I ____ to go out
tonight．
A．won’t be allowed B．am allowed
C．don’t allow D．will allow
4.—Mom，can
I go out to play basketball? —Sure．But your
homework ____ first．
A．must be finished
B．must finish C．will finish D．finish
5. It’s common knowledge that black tea ____
in China more than 600 years ago.
A．is
invented B．was invented C．invents
D．invented
’t put off today’s work for
tomorrow．I mean．today’s work ____today．
A．may
do B．must do C．may be done D．must
be done
2. The number of deaths from heart
disease will be reduced greatly if people
to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A．persuade
B. will persuaded C. be persuaded Ｄ．are
persuaded
3. Millions of pounds’ worth of
damage by a storm which swept across the
north of England last night.
been caused
B. had been caused C．will be caused D. will
have been caused
4. The mayor of Beijing says
that all construction work of the Beijing Olympics
by 2015.
A. has been completed B. has
completed C. will have been completed D.
will have completed
5. Mary
go shopping with Tom in Qingdao last week
A．was seen to B．was seen C．has been
see D．has seen to
巩固过关
1. More
patients _________in hospital this year than last
year.
A．treated B. had treated C. had
been treated D. have been treated
2. ----
The window is dirty.---- I know. It ________ for
weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
3.
--- George and Lucy got married. Did you go to
their wedding?--- No, I ___________. Did they
have a big wedding?
A．was not invited B.
have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
5． Every possible means ____,
but none ____ successful．
A．has tried; has
proved B．tried; proves C. has been tried;
proves D. is being tried; is proved
question he asked is hard ____ ．
A. for answer
B. to answer C．to be answered D.
answering
1. Good books ____ again and again.
A. should be readed B. should be read
C. must read D. ought to read
2. The
children ____ by the nurse.
A. were looked
B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked
3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____
to them.
A. gave, didn't listen B. was
given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened
D. was given, didn't listen
4. When____ the
accident _____ ?
A. was, happen B. did,
happen C. is, happen D. was, happened
5. The question ____ by us soon.
A. is
going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going
to be discussed D. has been discussed
6.
The lab ____ about five years ago.
A. was
builded B. was built C. builds D. has been
built
7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his
hometown in the last three years.
A. have
set up B. have been set up C. were set up
D. set up
8. They ____ printing 500 copies by
the end of last month.
A. had finished B.
have finished C. had been finished D. have
been finished
9. Rice ___ also _____ in their
hometown.
A. is…grown B. is…grew C.
was…grew D. was…grown
10. He ____ by the
teachers.
A. is always praised B.
praises C. have been praised D. always is
praised
11. Great changes ____ place. Many
new schools____ .
A. have taken, have been
opened B. take, are open
C. are taken, open
D. have been taken, are opened
12. The
picture______ in October, 1996.
A. was
taking B. had been taken C. was taken D.
had taken
13. We can't use the bridge now,
because it______ .
A. has been repaired
B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being
repaired
14. I ______the way to the railway
station by a policeman.
A. was shown B.
showed C. have shown D. was showing
15.
The war______ in 1941.
A. broke out B.
had been broken out C. was broken out D. had
broken out
16. When water______ , it will be
changed into vapor(蒸汽).
A. is heated B.
heating C. has heated D. heats
17. We can't
enter the room because its door______ .
A.
locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking
18. They ______day and night.
A. are
made work B. are made to work C. made to be
worked D. are making to work
19. Chang'an
Road is ______of people.
A. filled B.
fill C. full D. fulled
20. Man-made
satellites ______into space by many countries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have
been sent up D. has been sent up
1.
We teach English in our school.
______________
_______________________________________
2.
They plant millions of trees on the hills every
year.
_______________________________________
______________
3. They built this bridge over
a hundred years ago.
________________________
_____________________________
4. People cut
down thousands of trees in the 1960s.
_______
______________________________________________
5. They will build two paper factories along
the river next year.
________________________
_____________________________
6. We will learn
another language in two years.
______________
_______________________________________
7. We
must plant more trees along the river.
______
_______________________________________________
8. We should stop people from cutting down
trees.
______________________________________
_______________
9. They are building two
chimneys near our school.
___________________
__________________________________
10. Are
people destroying forests these years?
______
_______________________________________________
11. They have translated two books into
Chinese.
____________________________________
_________________
12. Many people have not
realized the importance of protecting the
environment.
________________________________
_____________________
13. His father bought
him a model rocket yesterday.
_______________
______________________________________
14. He
sent his mother many flowers on Mothers’ Day.
_________________________________________________
____