小学英语语法大全(最新版)
旧情也绵绵-军校排名
小学英语语法
第1讲 字母
1、
英语中共有26个字母。Aa，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu是元音字母，Yy是半元音字母，
其余是辅音
字母。
英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。Aa和Ii可以独立成词，分别表示“一个
（张……）”和“我”的意思，Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。
2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和
书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。
在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置，可以记住以下
口诀：大写字母不顶格，小写
字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。
3、英语句子的第
一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当
的距离，一般以空出一个小写字母的宽
度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。
4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.)，省略号是三个居下的实
心圆点（…），英语中
没有顿号和书名号，顿号用逗号替代，书名用斜体字表示。
5、英语缩写词
PRC中华人民共和国
UN 联合国
WHO
世界卫生组织
NBA美国职业篮球联
KFC 肯德基
IT 信息技术
EQ 情商
CCTV 中国中央电视
kg 千克
a.m. 上午
USA 美国
HK 香港
WTO 世界贸易组织
CBA
中国男子篮球联赛
ATM 自动柜员机
ID 身份证
CPU 中央处理器
BBC 英国广播公司
cm 厘米
p.m. 下午
UK 英国
SOS 国际求救信号
UFO 不明飞行物
VIP 贵宾
EMS邮政特快专递
IQ 智商
RMB 人民币
VOA 美国之音
No. 号码
6、 26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类：
eɪ Aa Hh Jj Kk
- 1 -
i:
aɪ
ǝʊ
ju:
e
ɑ:
Ee
Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv (Zz)
Ii
Yy
Oo
Uu Qq Ww
Ff Ll Mm Nn
Ss Xx Zz
Rr
- 2 -
第2讲 语音
1、音素：语音的最小单位。
英语中共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
元
音
双元音
eɪ ,aɪ,ɔɪ,əʊ,aʊ,ɪǝ,eə,ʊə
清辅音
p,t,k,t,tr,ts,f,θ,s,∫,h
浊辅音
b,d,g,dʒ,dr,dz,V,ð,z,ʒ,r,m,n,ŋ,l,w,j
单元音
i:,ɪ,ɜ:,ə,ɑ:,,ɔ:,ɒ,u:,ʊ,e,æ
辅
音
2、元音：发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。
单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变；双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个
元音滑动，唇形和舌位有一个变化过程，且前重后轻，前长后短。
3、辅音：发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。
清辅音发音时声带不振动；浊辅音发音时声带振动。
4、音标：用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆，音标被放在斜括号 内。
5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的，而相同的
发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。
6、开音节：以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字
母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的e结尾
（r除外）的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音，即该字母的名称
音。
闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。
开音节
a
eɪ
name
e
i:
we she
i
aɪ
hi white
o
əʊ
go note
u
ju: or u:
use
- 3 -
闭音节
æ
map
e
desk
ɪ
sit
ɒ
clock
cup
一、元音
前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ
]
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel
breeze（微风，简单的事） deep free Seat（座位）
beat
（打,击,敲;冲击）
lead（引领，最前端） tea eat
reason
Grief（悲痛，伤痛） believe achieve
Receive（收到，接收） conceive(构想，想象)
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick
wish
[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven（天堂，天国）
marry any many
[æ]
发音组合: a
代表单词: cap map bad
mad（ 发疯的,发狂的） bank thank lamp（灯,油灯,灯火）
中元音：[ə:] [ə]
[ə: ]
发音组合：or
ir er ur ear
代表单词：work worker worm(蠕虫,
使缓慢前进 bird dirt(污物;) affirm(断言,申明) term
Burn（烧毁）
surf（碎浪,海浪;浪花） Pearl（珍珠）
learn
[ə ]
发音组合：a er or
-
4 -
代表单词：appear arise again alike a
man a pen teacher mother brother driver
anger doctor
actor tutor（家庭教师,私人教师）
famous jealous（妒忌的，吃醋的）
后元音: [a:] [ʌ]
[u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]
[a:]
发音组合：ar
ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden
bar star heart half
[ʌ]
发音组合：u o
代表单词：up cut but bus luck
butter(奶油)
Monk(和尚) onion(洋葱)
[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool(蠢人) boom( (雷,大炮等的)隆隆声) cool
hoop(铁圈，戒指，耳环)
pool（水塘,水池）
shoot
（发射，放射）tomb group blue
clue（提示，线索） rule
truth
conclude（推断出，结束）
[u]
发音组合：oo u ou
代表单词：foot good
cook（煮，烧） hook（钩，挂钩） took Pull（拉,拖,牵,拽;搬走）
full bull（公牛，壮汉，） should
[ɔ:]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or
ar
代表单词：talk ball hall( 会堂;大厅) call door
floor Law(法律) saw bought
fought(fight的过去式和过去分词，打仗;搏斗;打架;奋斗)
thought
before ignore caught naughty( 顽皮的,淘气的;撒野的)
nautical(海上的;船员的;
船舶的;航海的) force born sort(
种类,品种,类型 ) warn
[ɔ]
发音组合：o
- 5 -
代表单词： not cop（抓，捕）
rot(腐烂,腐坏;腐朽,破损) hot lot dog nod shop
合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]
[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight day may paid main
cake
fate naked snake lake make name
[ai]
发音组合：y i uy
代表单词：cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time buy
guy
[ɔɪ]
发音组合：oy oi
代表单词：toy boy
loyal
noise voice point soil
coin oil
[au]
发音组合：ou ow
代表单词：house sound out noun
bow town now tower
[əu]
发音组合：o ow
oa
代表单词：host nose tone hole note coke
cope
bowl know low own
boat coat
集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə] [uə]
[iə]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer
deer hear near fear here
[ɛə]
发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair
fair air chair bear swear
dare
hare there
- 6 -
[uə]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor lure
sure tour
二、辅音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ]
[ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport
speed spend
[ b ]
发音组合：b
代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book
[ t ]
发音组合：t
代表单词：tea teacher
team tare tank taught tip
it
meet cat thought fate tent boat
student stand stick
[ d ]
发音组合：d
代表单词：do did does deer date dig doom
need bed climbed
[ k
]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car
can cat come
kite sky keep pick
back
[ g ]
发音组合：g
代表单词：geese go gap get
big bag beg
爆破音小结:
1) [ p ] [ t ] [ k ]
是清辅音，发音时声带不震动，送气要强。
2) [ b ] [ d ] [ g
] 是浊辅音，发音时声带必须震动。
摩擦音:
- 7 -
[ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [3] [ s ] [
z ] [ h ][ r ]
[ f ]
发音组合：f ph
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair
fall farm
telephone phonetics
photo
[ v ]
发音组合：v
代表单词：vote vine vat vail very vase
leave five
[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think
teeth thick theme thank thought
both
tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath
[ð]
发音组合：th
代表单词：this that these
those then than though
[ʃ]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish
sheet sheep dish
sure ensure assure
machine
[3]
发音组合：s
代表单词：pleasure
usual leisure measure
[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see
books
dense mouse cups face ice race price
[ z
]
发音组合：z s
代表单词：zoo prize zeal
raise knees eyes
[ h ]
发音组合：h wh
【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。
代表单词：hot home house
horse hate high
- 8 -
whole who whose whom
[ r ]
发音组合：r
wr
代表单词：race red rice rain right road
free fry pray wrong write
摩擦音小结:
英语中有十个摩擦音即: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð]
[ʃ] [3][ s ] [ z ] [ h ][ r ]
发摩擦音时必须注意：
1) 口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙, 气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。
2)
摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。
破擦音:
[ tʃ ]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
[d3 ]
发音组合：j g dg
代表单词：jeep joke jew juice judge
[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train
tram
[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream
drag draw drink children
[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents
[
dz ]
发音组合：ds
代表单词：needs seeds spends
鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some come dime
- 9 -
mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing
moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
[ŋ]
发音组合：ng n
代表单词：sing song
singer king thing
ink sink thank tank
舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ]
let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l
] deal tell belt sale table
半元音: [ w ] [
j ]
[ w ]
- 10 -
第3讲 名词
名词是指表示人和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1、专有名词：特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。
e.g.
Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking
University
星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。
e.g.
Monday，May，Christmas，Spring Festival，Maths，China
Daily
2、普通名词：表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:
个体名词—— 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk
集体名词—— 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family
物质名词—— 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice ,
sand，hair
抽象名词—— 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love
，carelessness
个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；
物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。
注 意：
① 集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。
e.g. His family was
well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。
②
集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。
e.g. His family are
waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。
③
集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。
e.g. Our village is made
up of 300 families. 我们村有300户人家。
3、可数名词复数形式的构成规则：
① 一般名词在末尾直接加s，清辅音后读 s
，浊辅音和元音后读 z
e.g. book-books， bag-bags， cat-
cats， bed-beds
② 以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加es，读 IZ
e.g. bus-buses， box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-
watches
- 11 -
③
以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es， 读 z
e.g. baby-babies，
library-libraries，factory-factories
④
以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加es，读 vz
e.g.
thief－thieves，knife－knives
⑤
以o结尾，表示无生命的物体时加s, 表示有生命的物体时，加es，都读 z
e.g.
photo-photos， piano-pianos， radio-radios， zoo-zoos
potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，mango-
mangoes，hero-heroes
⑥ 不规则变化
e.g. man－men
child－children
foot－feet
fish－fish
woman－women
mouse－mice
tooth－teeth
sheep－sheep
policeman－policemen
ox－oxen
goose－geese
deer－deer
▲
fish表示鱼的数量时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数为fishes.
e.g. My
cat had two fish for lunch.
You can see a lot
of different fishes in the lake.
4、不可数名词一般只有原
形，没有复数形式，但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。
如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词需要用
复数形式，不可数名词不变。
e.g. a bottle of water ，a cup of
coffee，two glasses of milk ，five bags of rice
▲ 这种形式用于可数名词时，量词和可数名词都要用复数。
e.g. ten
baskets of eggs
5、既可用作可数，又可用作不可数的名词：
不可数
glass 玻璃
paper 纸
iron 铁
wood 木头
beauty 美
room 空间
可数
a glass 一只玻璃杯
a paper
一份报纸、论文、文件
a iron 一个熨斗
a wood 一片森林
- 12 -
a beauty 一个美人
6、名词所有格
a room 一个房间
① 在英语中，有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这
种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大
多数表示有生命的东西。
e.g. Tom’s
book
② 如果复数名词末尾已有s，就直接加 ’ 。
e.g. the
teachers’ office
③ 如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s ；
如果为各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s。
e.g. Lucy and Lily’s
bedroom.（Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室）
Lucy’s and Lily’s
bedrooms.（Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室）
④
表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与of短语连用。
e.g. a map of the
world ，a photo of my family
⑤
双重所有格：把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。
e.g. a friend
of my father’s
[课堂检测]
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange
2、class 3、text
4、monkey 5、piano
6、child 7、shelf
8、bed 9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot 13、Japanese
14、radio 15、photo
16、army 17、tomato
18、fox 19、woman
20、knife
21、sheep
22、people
1. is 2. he
5. that 6. this
8.I 9. am 10. was
11. does
二、写出下列各词的复数形式
is
my friend.
is a
bike.
is her brother.
is
a book.
is an eraser.
is a
red orange.
is a teacher.
、
8. What's this?
is my
mother.
- 13 -
is
a Chinese boy.
第4讲 冠词
冠词一般用在名词的前面，对名词起限定作用，不能离开名词单独存在。
1、不定冠词a，an用在单数可数名词前面，泛指一类人或物中的任何一个。
①
a用于辅音音素开头的名词之前。e.g. a bed，a computer，a “U”
②
an用于元音音素开头的名词之前。 e.g. an egg，an umbrella，an hour
2、定冠词the用在单数或复数可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前。
①
表示特指的人或物前。
e.g. The man with a flower in his
hand is Jack.
② 指说话人双方都知道的人或物前。
e.g.
Lily, close the door, please.
③
在上文提到过，第二次又提到的人或物前。
e.g. There is a man under
the tree. The man is called James.
④
表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
e.g. The sun is bigger than
the moon.
⑤ 用在序数词前面。
e.g. It is the first
day of the new term.
⑥ 用在乐器名称前。
e.g. He
often plays the violin at weekends.
⑦
用在形容词最高级前。
e.g. Spring is the best season in
a year.
⑧ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
e.g. I went to
the Great Wall last week.
⑨ 用在国家名称的缩写前。
e.g. He is from the UK.
3、零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况。
在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前，通常不用冠词。
e.g.
have breakfast ，play basketball，play chess
-
14 -
课堂检测：
用a , an , the
填空.(不填打)
1 Hello , ( )Tom, Let`s go to ( )
school .
2 Look , what is he doing ? He is
eating ( )apple
3 Look at ( )ugly girl
.She is Tom`s sister
4There is ( ) cat
under the table . There is ( )dog behind the
door
5 ( )old man is my father . He is (
)doctor
6 ( ) China is ( ) big country.
7 ( )USA is ( )big country too
8 I
saw ( ) bird, but ( ) bird is yellow
9
I like playing ( ),piano .Billy likes playing (
10This is ( ) largest supermarket in the
city
11This is ( ) picture. There is (
) house in (
12 ( )Sunday is the first day
of a week
13 Can you play ( ) volleyball
well?
14( )Shenzhen is the largest city in
China
- 15 -
)football
) picture.
第5讲 代词
1、人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。
主格
宾格
我
I
me
你
you
you
他
he
him
她
she
her
它
it
it
我们
we
us
你们
you
you
他们
they
them
①主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。
e.g. I am a
student. They are cleaning the classroom.
②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。
e.g. Ask
her, please. Listen to me carefully.
2、物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
形容词性
我的
my
你的
your
yours
他的
his
his
她的
her
hers
它的 我们的
its
its
our
ours
你们的
your
yours
他们的
their
theirs 名 词 性 mine
①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如：my watch, his cousin,
our school
②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。
e.g. —Is that your bike？ —No. Mine is blue.
3、疑问代词：用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词，一般放在疑问句的句首。
what
What colour
what day
what date
what shape
what…job
what time
问什么
问颜色
问星期
问日期
问形状
问工作
问时间
—What’s your name? —My name is Tom.
—What colour is your coat? —It’s red.
—What day is it today? —It’s Monday.
—What
date is it today? —It’s the first of June.
—What shape is the moon? —It’s round.
—What’s your father’s job? —He’s a bus driver.
—What time is it? —It’s ten o’clock.
- 16
-
when
which
问时候
问哪个
—When is your birthday? —It’s on the first of
May.
—Which is your watch, this one or that
one?
—That one.
where
who
whose
why
how
how many
how much
how
old
how far
问地点
问谁
问谁的
问原因
问方式
问数量
问价钱
问年龄
问距离
—Where
is my pen? —It’s on the floor.
—Who is the boy
with big eyes? —He’s Liu Tao.
—Whose bag is
this? —It’s Helen’s.
—Why are you absent
today? —I’m ill.
—How do you go to school? —By
bus.
—How many books are there? —There are
five.
—How much is it? —Twenty yuan.
—How
old are you? —I’m twelve.
—How far is it from
here? —It’s about one
kilometer.
how about
4、指示代词
问情况 —I’m thirsty. How about
you? —Me, too.
①
this（这个）、these（这些）表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。
②
that（那个）、those（那些）表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
课堂检测
一选择适当的人称代词填空。
1._____ (HeI) is my father.
2. _____ (SheThey) are Tom’s grandparents.
3. _____ (WeI) am Jim’s new friend.
4.
Look at that white dog. _____ (TheyIt) is my
brother’s.
5. Where are _____ (youhe from?
6. Do you like collecting stamps? Yes, _____
(youwe) do.
7. _____ (HeI) am a student at
Heyang Primary School.
8. _____ (YouThey) are
my brother’s English teacher.
二、用人称代词的主格和宾格填空。
1. Don’t pass it to _______ (他).
-
17 -
2. _____ (她) is watching a
running race.
3. Would you like to go with
_____(我们).
4. Do you want to join
_____(我).
5. Tomorrow is my father’s
birthday. This present is for ______.
6. The
ball is Su Hai’s. Please give _____ to _____.
7. What are Tom’s sisters doing? _____ are
seeing a Beijing opera show.
三、填入适当的物主代词。
1. _____ (他的) coat is black, but _____(她的) is
red.
2. Whose wallet is this? It’s _____ (我的).
3. Whose wallet is that? It’s _____ (我的)
wallet.
4. Are these _____ (你们的) skateboards?
Yes, they’re _____ (我们的).
5. I’m a new
student. _____ name is Helen.
6. Nancy is my
cousin. _____ eyes are big.
7. Look, this is
his new book. _____ (我的) is as new as his.
8.
What do people usually do at the Spring Festival.
They visit _____ relatives and friends.
四、用所给的词填空。
What What colour
How much Who When Where Why
1、________are you doing?
2、________are
you going to go?
3、_________is the bag?----
Twenty yuan.
4、__________will you come back?
----A quarter to ten.
5、_________is that
woman?----Miss Tang.
6、_________is the sofa?
----It’s black and white.
7、__________are you
wearing a dress?
五、用特殊疑问词填空。
1.
is this? It’s an apple.
2.
is Sue’s birthday? It’s on the 1st of April.
3. is she? She is Linda.
4. is the peach? It’s on
the table.
5. do you go to
school? I go to school by bike.
6.
apples are there? There are two apples.
7. is your hat? It’s red.
- 18 -
8. subject do you
like? I like math.
9. books
are there? thirteen.
10. is it
? It ‘s 5 yuan.
11. did you get home?
I got home at 9 o’clock .
第6讲
形容词副词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰
的名
词前，也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。
在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。
1、表示两者“等同”时用原级，结构为：as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和xx一样……”
e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister?
其否定形式结构为：not＋as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和xxx不一样……”
e.g.
I’m not as tall as you.
2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级＋than，表示“xx比xxx更……”
e.g. He’s one year younger than me.
形容词比较级的构成规则：
① 一般在词尾加er
e.g.
taller，longer，stronger，younger
② 以字母e结尾，只加r
e.g. late－later，nice－nicer
③
以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加er
e.g. heavy－heavier
④ 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er
e.g.
fat－fatter，thin－thinner，big－bigger
⑤
双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加more
e.g. more
beautiful，more careful
⑥ 不规则变化
e.g.
good-better，many much-more，far-farther，bad ill-
worse
3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级。
结构为：the +
形容词最高级 ＋inof等表示范围的短语，表示“最……”。
e.g. Autumn is
the best season in New York.
- 19 -
She is the tallest girl of our three.
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级
old_______
young_______ tall______
long________ strong________
big________ small_______
fat________
thin__________
heavy______ light________
nice________
good_________
low_________ high_________
slow_______
fast________
late_________ early_________
far_________
well_______
beautiful_________ short________
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two
years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom
is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister
__________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen?
Helen is.
4. Whose pencil-box is
__________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
5.
Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of
the boys in his class.
7.________ Nancy sing
__________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
ng is not as _________ (tall) as the other
girls.
- 20 -
第7讲 介词
介词
又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或
动词（动
词ing形式）前面。
1、in
① 在……里面。如：in the classroom
② in＋颜色，穿着……颜色的衣服。如：Who’s the man in white?
③ in＋语言，用某种语言说。如：What’s this in English?
④
在上午、下午、晚上。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the
evening
⑤ 在年、月、季节前。如：in 2008，in August，in
summer
⑥ 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如：in China，in Wuxi，in
the playground
⑦ 固定搭配。 如：in the middle
of（在……中间），do well in（擅长），in the day（在白天），take
part in（参加），stay in bed（躺在床上），in the
street（在街上）
2、on
①在……上面。 如：on the desk
②用在某一天（上、下午）前。如：on the 5
th
of May，on
Sunday，on Monday morning
③以Day结尾的节日前。如： on
Children’s Day，on New Year’s Day
④固定搭配。如：on
foot（步行），on duty（值日），put on（穿上），get on（上车）
turn on（打开），on the right left（在右边左边），on the
wall (在墙上)，on Zhongshan
Road（在中山路上）
注
意：树上长的水果用on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。
如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree.
There is a boy in the tree.
3、at
①在某个时刻前。如：at seven o’clock
②在传统节日前。如：at
Spring Festival，at Mid-Autumn Festival，at
Christmas
③在较小的地点。如：at the bus stop
④固定搭配。如：at once（立刻，马上），be good at（擅长……），look
at（看），at home（在
家），at school（在学校）, at
weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在……后部）, at
night（在
- 21 -
夜晚）
4、under
在……下面 如：There is a cat under the table.
5、behind 在……后面 如：There is an umbrella
behind the door.
6、near 靠近…… 如：There is a
park near my house.
7、beside 在……旁边 如：The
students are standing beside the teacher.
8、next to 紧靠……旁边 如：The teachers’ office is
next to our classroom.
9、before （时间上）在……之前
如： before class（上课前）
10、after （时间上）在……之后；依照
固定搭配： after class（课后），after school（放学后），look
after（照看），run after（追赶），
read after me（跟我读）
11、between 在两者之间 如：There are some trees
between Building A and Building B.
12、by
乘某种交通工具 如：by bus，by plane，by the way（顺便说一下）
13、from
①be from = come from（来自……） 如：Mr
Smiths iscomes from Australia.
②from…to…（从……到……）We go to school from Monday
to Friday.
14、to 到、去…… 如：Let’s go to the
zoo. 固定搭配：write to（给xx写信）
15、about 关于；大约
如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s
about one kilometer away.
16、for 为、给……
如：Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast?
固定搭配：look for （寻找），wait for（等候）
17、with
①与……一起。如：I’ll go shopping with my mother.
②具有某种特征。如：Who’s the boy with big eyes?
③help... with... 在某方面帮助某人 如： Can you help me
with my English?
④play with... 和……一起玩；拿……玩
如：play with me，play with a yo-yo
18、in front
of 在……前面 如：There is a tree in front of the
classroom.
in the front of 在……前部 如：There is a
blackboard in the front of the classroom.
19、along 沿着，顺着 如：Go along this street.
20、as 作为 如：What would you like as a
birthday present?
21、out of 从……出来；往……之外
如：The dog is running out of the house.
22、of
……的，属于…… 如：a map of China ，a map of the world
23、off 离开，在……之外 如：keep off the
grass（勿踏草坪)，get off（下车）
- 22 -
24、up 向上 如：stand up（起立），pull up
carrots（拔胡萝卜）
25、down 向下 如：sit down（坐下），
jump up and down（上下跳）
课堂练习：
一、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并改正。
is good in
English and Maths.
many students have their
birthday on May?
are talking to their
plans.
films were in the ground just now.
’s Day is at the third of March.
6.I
usually take photos in Sunday morning.
did
you do on the Spring Festival?
you come and
help me on my English?
you water trees at
the farm?
10.I can jog to school on the
morning.
二、介词练习
( )1.___ the afternoon
of May, we visited the old man.
A. On B. At
C. In
( ) people work ___ the day and sleep
___ night.
A. on at B. in in C. in at
( ) speaks Japanese best ____ the boy
students.
A. between B. with C. among
( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous
enemy.
A. with B. in C. on
( ) hopes
to come back ___ three days.
A. after B. for
C. in
( ) sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by B. for C. with
( ) left home ___
a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )ai is ____ the east of China.
A. in
B. on C. to
- 23 -
( )9.____ my
father’s help, I have finished my composition.
A. Under B. On C. with
( )’s very
strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his
work.
A. with in B. in with C. with
with
( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you.
A. to B. on C. with
( ) shop won’t
open ___ nine in the morning.
A. until B. at
C. during
- 24 -
第8讲 数词
1、基数词：表示数目多少。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
21
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
twenty-one
twenty-two
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
hundred
注意：数字“0”可以读作“zero”，也可以读作字母“o”。
2、序数词：表示顺序先后。
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
- 25 -
21st
22nd
30th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
twenty-
first
twenty-second
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
基数词变序数词记忆口诀：
一、二、三，需要记，八去t，九省e，ve结尾时，f来代替，
ty结尾时，y变ie，再加th，若是几十几，前基后序别忘记。
一、写出下列词的序数词
1. one
3. six
5. nine
-one
二、写出下列单词的基数词
eth enth -first
_
三、根据句子意思填空。
1. Children’s Day（儿童节） is
on the of June（六月）.
2. There are
months（月）in a year(年).
3. Teacher’s Day(教师节)
is on the of September（九月）.
4.
Three plus(加) six is .
- 26 -
第10讲 连词
连词，顾名思义，是一种起连接作用的词。
1、and “和”，表示并列关系。
如：There are some desks and chairs in the
classroom.
2、but “但是”，表示转折关系。
如：You
can skate well, but I can’t .
3、or
“还是”，表示选择关系。
如：Would you like a glass of
milk or a cup of tea?
注
意：在疑问句或否定句中，当表示并列关系时，不用and，而用or。
如：Do you
have any brothers or sisters？
I don’t have any
brothers or sisters.
4、than “比”，表示对比关系。
如：Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang.
5、because
“因为”，表示因果关系。
如：I like summer best because I
can go swimming.
6、so “所以”，表示结果关系。
如：Helen was ill , so she didn’t go to school
yesterday.
一、选择
1 My aunt asks
whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton
one.
A. but B. or C. and D.
not
2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to
come to see us.
A. or B. and C.
with D. nor
3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be
late for the film.
A. and B. but
C. so D. or
4 Be quick, ______ we'll be
late.
- 27 -
A. and B. or
C. but D. so
5 We ran to the trees, _____
we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but
B. so C. and D. for
二、根据句意选用and,
but, or, so, beause填空。
1. The ground is wet,
_________ it rained last night.
2. It's a
fine day today, _________ everyone is busy.
3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't
know all your names.
4. Take an umbrella with
you, _________ you'll get wet.
5. We have
classes in the morning, _________ we don't have
classes in the afternoon.
6. She is a doctor
_________ I am a teacher.
7. I must go now,
_________ it's getting dark.
- 28 -
第11讲 动词
动
词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词
和行为动词
。
1、be动词（am，is，are）
①
be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is
用在他、她、它，复数全用are。
如：I am a teacher. You are
a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese.
② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are
not=aren’t
2、助动词(do，does，did)
① do，does用于
一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一
般过去时。他们
通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。
如：Do you like this
film?
Does she like playing football?
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
② 否定形式：do
not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t
3、情态动词（can，may，must，should，will，would，shall等）
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能”，“可以”，“需要”，“必须”，“应当
”等意
思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面的动词要用原形。
1）can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许，但may比can更正式，更客气些。
如：
Can I use your pen? May I come in？
2）must和should
①
must意为“必须，应当”，含有一种命令的语气，比较生硬，不容商量。
②
should意为“应当，应该”，表示建议或劝告，语气比较委婉，客气。
如：You
must finish your homework before you go to bed.
You should stay in bed and have a
good rest.
3）will和would用于疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，
用would比will更委婉，更客气。
如：Will you please open the
window？ Would you like some coffee?
- 29 -
注意区别：
I’d like… 我想要……（接名词） 如：I’d
like some tea.
I’d like to…
我想要做……（接动词原形）如：I’d like to go with you.
I
like… 我喜欢……（接名词或动名词）如：I like monkeys. I like
reading.
4） shall 在问句中表示征求对方的意见，主要用于第一人称。
如：Shall we go there by bus?
5）否定形式：can’t，may
not，mustn’t，shouldn’t，wouldn’t，shall not
4、行为动词
行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）,
jump（跳），
listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。
行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。
在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。
一 般 现 在 时
<—————————————+————————————>
一般过去时
现在进行时 一般将来时
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim
_________make__________ go_________
like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________
sing ________
dance_________ put________ see________ buy
_________
love____________ live_______
take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________
shop___________ lie___________
skip______________
二、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make
________ look _________
have_______
pass_______ carry ____wash___________
come________
watch______ plant_______ fly
________ study_______ brush________
do_________ teach_______
三、写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ fly_______ lie________ are
________ drink_________ play_______
go________ make ________does_________
lose________ win________ ask _____
teach_________ eat__________ hurt________ put
______ throw________ catch______
- 30 -
fall_______ do ________
buy________see________shop________beginsit________
come________take________miss
________like________get________ forge________
trun ________think________say
________find________ draw ________hit________
can________break ________give ________
第12讲 一般现在时
1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every
day，sometimes，
always，at weekends，on
Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。
2、构成：
1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他
如：I am a
student. He is Jim’s father. They are from
Japan.
2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：
①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他
如：I often watch TV at
the weekends.
Mr Green and Mrs
Green like collecting stamps.
②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他
如：Jim usually
visits his grandparents on Sundays.
She
sometimes goes to the park with her mother.
3、动词三单形式的变化规则：
① 一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-
reads，swim-swims
② 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-
washes，watch-watches，do-does
③
以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies
④ 不规则变化 如：have-has
4、一般现在时的句型转换：
肯定句
They watch TV
every day.
否定句 一般疑问句及回答
They don’t watch TV —Do they watch TV every
day?
every day.
—Yes, they do. No, they
don’t.
She watches TV She doesn’t watch —
Does she watch TV every day?
every day.
TV every day.
—Yes, she does. No, she
doesn’t.
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One.
3. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______ (do) on
Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______
(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl
_______ (teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She
and I ________ (take) a walk together every
evening.
10. There ________ (be) some water
in the bottle.
11. Mike _______ (like)
cooking.
12. They _______ (have) the same
hobby.
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第13讲 现在进行时
1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。
如：I am washing clothes now.
Look! Liu
Tao is climbing the tree.
Listen! Jane is
singing in the music room.
2、构成：be动词（amisare）+
动词现在分词（V-ing）
3、动词现在分词构成：
① 一般是在动词原形后加ing
如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-
looking
② 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing
如：write-
writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking
③
以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing
如：sit-
sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-
running，stop-stopping，get-getting，
begin-
beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting
4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。
如：Asking the way
My hobby is collecting
stamps.
He is good at skating.
5、现在进行时的句型转换：
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
—Is he
running now?
He is running now. He isn’t
running now.
—Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
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They are making
a
puppet.
They aren’t making
a puppet.
— Are they making a puppet?
—Yes,
they are. No, they aren’t.
一、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
boy __________________
( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls
_______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3.
My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food
now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an
English lesson .
____________(not ,water)
the flowers now.
! the girls
________________(dance )in the classroom .
is our granddaughter doing? She _________ ( listen
) to music.
9. It’s 5 oclock now. We
_____________ (have) supper now
10.______Helen____________ (wash ) clothes?Yes
, she is .
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第14讲 一般过去时
1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a
moment
ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this
morning等。
如：My brother often went to school by
bike last term.
The watch was beside the diary
a moment ago.
I watched the moon and ate the
moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.
Jim went
to the supermarket yesterday.
2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他
3、动词过去式的变化规则：
①
一般在动词原形末尾加ed
如：play-played，listen-
listened，look-looked
② 结尾是e的动词，加d
如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted
③
辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed
如：study-
studied，carry-carried，cry-cried
④
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
如：stop-
stopped，plan-planned
⑤ 不规则变化 如：
amis-was
are-were
havehas-had
do-did
go-
went
sit-sat
tell-told
see-saw
get-got
make-made
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give-gave
read-read
buy-bought
come-came
draw-drew
eat-ate
fly-flew
meet-
met
put-put
run-ran
say-said
4、一般过去时的句型转换
肯定句
He watched
sing-
sang swim-swam take-took
否定句 一般疑问句及回答
TV
He didn’t watch TV —Did he watch TV yesterday?
yesterday.
didn’t
—Yes, he did. No,
he didn’t.
play — Did they play games just
now?
—Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
yesterday.
They played games They
just
now. games just now.
一、 用单词的适当形式填空。
1.
________ you ________(water) the flowers
yesterday.
2. Su Hai _________(go) for a walk
last Sunday.
3. Mike didn’t ________(finish)
his homework yesterday.
4. I _______ (pick)
apples on the tree last month.
5. I
_______(is) ten years old last year. On that day,
I _______(blow) the candles out.
6. There
________(are) five books on the desk a moment ago.
二、选择
1. What did he _____ yesterday? He
____ his homework.
A. did; did B. do;
did C. do; do
2. Susan _____ swimming
yesterday.
A. go B. goes C. went
3. Danny _____ breakfast five times last week.
A. eat B. ate C. eated 4. Last
Sunday____ Tree Planting Day.
A. is
B. were C. was
5. I ____ a lot from
our textbook.
A. learned B. learnes
C. learning
6. We ____ to the zoo and ___ a
lot of animals yesterday.
A. go; see B.
went; saw C. goes; sees
7. What did you
do last weekend ? --I _________
A. read a
book B. wash the clothes C. go fishing
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8. What did you do on your
holiday? I ________
A. bought a present B.
go skiing C. learn English
第15讲 一般将来时
1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或
存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来
的时间状语，如：tomorrow
morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。
2、构成：
① be gong to +动词原形
如：I am
going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.
We are
going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.
Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera
this afternoon.
② will +动词原形
如：They will
go swimming this afternoon.
3、be going to
和will 区别：
① be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上
一定会发生；will则表示有可
能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。
如：I am going to take part in a party this
evening.
They are cleaning the library now.
I’ll go and join them.
②be going
to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going
to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her
one day.
③ be going
to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! It’s
going to rain.
4、一般将来时句型转换：
肯定句 否定句
一般疑问句及回答
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—Is she going to
have a
She is going to have a She isn’t going
to have
picnic tomorrow?
picnic tomorrow.
a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes, she is. No, she
isn’t.
—Will they go swimming
They
will go swimming They will not(won’t) go
this
afternoon?
this afternoon. swimming this
afternoon.
—Yes, they will. No, they
won’t.
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Today
is a sunny day. We __________ (have) a picnic this
afternoon.
2. My brother ________ (go) to
Shanghai next week.
3. Tom often
________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain.
He ______ (go) to school by bike.
4. What do
you usually do at weekends? I usually ______
(watch) TV .
5. It‘s Friday today. What
_____she ______ (do) this weekend?
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第16讲 句法
1、陈述句
说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他
1）肯定陈述句 We
all like pandas very much.
2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t
do housework at weekends
3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句
①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。
Mary was at school
yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.
I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a
model plane.
②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’
t，doesn’t，didn’t），后
面跟动词的原形。
He likes
drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing
pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>I
didn’t go to the park yesterday.
4）陈述句改一般疑问句
①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。
Mary was at
school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday?
I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a
model plane?
②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like
drawing pictures.
I went to the park
yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?
2、疑问句
用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。
1）一般疑问句：一般
疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，
用yes或no来回答，
因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。
—Is Mr Green from the UK?
—Yes，he is. No，he isn’t.
—Do you have any
hobbies? —Yes，I do. No，I don’t.
—Can you
play the guitar? —Yes，I can. No，I can’t.
-
39 -
2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或n
o来回答。—How do you go
to work every day? —I go
to work by car.
3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。
—Would
you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee,
please.
4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。
—It’s a fine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is.
3、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。
1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。
①肯定祈使句：Open the door,
please.
②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.
2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。
Let
me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him
go home now.
Shall we meet at one thirty in
front of the Garden Theatre?
4、感叹句
表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。
1）what +
名词或名词性短语
What a big garden (it is)!
What
an interesting storybook (it is) !
What lovely
weather (it is)!
What pretty girls (they are)!
2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词
How nice!
How
beautiful the flowers are!
How tall Yao Ming
is!
5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。
1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。
There is some milk in the fridge.
There
are some peaches in the basket.
2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。
There
is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.
There are five knives and a ruler in the
pencil case.
- 40 -
3）there
be句型和havehas区别：
there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；
havehas表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。
There are some English books on the desk.
I have some English books.
一、把下列句子改为一般疑问句。
1. His father is an
English teacher.
2. These cats are crying.
3. They can swim.
4. I like to read
English.
5. I go to school on foot.
6. He likes English.
7. His father goes
to work by bus.
8. He is crying under the
tree.
9. His birthday is on the twentieth
of November.
10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in
a big shop.
二、对划线部分提问。
is my
father.
are under
the tree.
3.I often watch TV after
dinner.(晚饭后)
swims in the swimming
pool.(游泳池)
an is flying
in the sky.
6.I often brush my teeth in the
evening.
likes
to play with Bill.
's father plays
badminton(羽毛球) every weekend.
第17讲 听力
<
br>人类交际中80％以上是通过口头进行的，而听懂对方的话语是进行有效交际的前提和关键。因
此
，听力至关重要，它位于“听说读写”四种能力之首。
英语听力测试一般有以下题型：
1．听音辨词
- 41 -
2．听录音给图或句子排序
3．听问句选答句
4．听短文或对话进行选择或判断
5．听录音填空
第18讲 话题
1、介绍
My name is Tom.
I’m
Gao Shan.
This is David.
The man in a
white coat is my father.
2、问候、告别
Hello!
Hi!
Good morning! Good afternoon! Good
evening!
How are you? --- Fine, thank you.
Not bad, thank you. Not so good.
Nice to meet
you. --- Nice to meet you , too.
How do you
do?---How do you do?
Goodbye! Bye! Bye-Bye!
See you (tomorrowlater).
Good night.
3、谈论人或物
What’s your name? Your name,
please?
Who is he?
What’s this in English?
How old are you?
Where are you from? Are
you from the USA?
What’s your job?
What is
she?
4、请求、劝告、建议、征求
May I come in?
Can
I have a look?
Yes. Sure.
Sorry, you
can’t.
Don’t forget to close the windows.
We must go home now.
- 42 -
Let’s go to school.
Shall we
go now?
Why don’t you buy a new one?
What
about a cup of tea?
Would you like a
hamburger?
What would you like?
Yes,
please. Yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to.
No, thanks.
5、道歉、感谢、赞扬
Excuse me.
Sorry. I’m sorry.---That’s OKall right. It’s
doesn’t matter.
Thanks. Thank you. Thank you
very much.
Not at all. You ‘re welcome. It’s
my pleasure.
It’s pretty smartnice.
How
nice!
6、询问时间、星期及日期
What’s the time? what
time is it now?---It’s twelve o’clock. It’s time
to have lunch.
What day is it today?---It’s
SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday.
What date is it today? --- It’s the
12
th
of July.
7、购物
Can I help
you?What can I do for you?What would you like?
---I’d like aansome…
Anything else?
What about the red one?
How many kilos?
--- Five kilos, please.
How much is itare
they?---It’s They’re twenty yuan.
Here’s your
change.
8、打电话
Hello, may I speak to
Nancy?--- This is Nancy speaking.
Is that Tom
(speaking)?---Yes, this is Tom speaking.
Who’s
that(speaking)?--- It’s Liu Tao here.
Wait for
a minutes. Hold on , please.
Sorry, she isn’t
in.
9、问路、指路
- 43 -
Excuse me.
Where’s the nearest post office？
How can I get
to the nearest post office?
Can you showtell
me the way to the nearest post office?
How far
is the nearest post office from here?
How many
stops are there?
Go along this road and then
turn rightleft at the third crossing.
The post
office is on your rightleft.
It’s over there.
Near the Bank of China.
You can take bus No.8
and get off at the third stop.
Sorry, I don’t
know. You can ask the policeman.
11、谈论兴趣爱好
Do you have any hobbies?
What’s your
hobby?
Do you like swimming?
I (don’t)
like swimming.
We have the same hobby.
12、谈论天气
What’s the weather like today?
How is the weather?
It’s
sunnyrainycloudywindywarmcoolhotcold.
Which
season do you like best?
13、询问和表达感觉
What’s
the matter? What’s wrong with you? How do you
feel now?
I’m tired. I feel ill. I’ve got a
bad cough.
I’m sorry to here that. I hope you
get better soon.
Take some medicine and have a
lot of rest.
Here’s some medicine for you.
I can get some fruit for you
14、谈论节日
When’s Christmas?---It’s on the 25
th
of December.
What do people usually do on
Christmas day?
What’s your favourite holiday?
- 44 -
第19讲 构词法
英语中的三种主要构词法：
1、合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。
如：basket（篮子） +
ball（球）＝ basketball（篮球）
post（邮寄）＋
office（办公室） ＝ post office（邮局）
pencil（铅笔）＋ box（盒子）＝ pencil-box（文具盒）
2、派生法：由词根加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。
如：un + usual（寻常） =
unusual（不寻常）
usual（寻常） + ly =
usually（寻常地）
3、转化法：由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
如：water 水（名词）―――water 浇水（动词）
light
灯（名词）―――light 轻的（形容词）
book 书（名词）―――book
预订（动词）
hand 手（名词）―――hand 上交（动词）
- 45 -