高中英语专题复习：说明文阅读理解训练及答案
rolemodel-红楼梦蒋玉菡
英语专题复习
说明文阅读理解训练
一、2017·全国二卷
C
TerrafugiaInc said Monday that its new
flying car has completed its first flight,
bringing the
company closer to its goal of
selling the flying car within the next year. The
vehicle-named the
Transition – has two seats
wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven
like a car. The
Transition, which flew at
1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach
around 70 miles per
hour on the road and 115
in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and
bums 5 gallons per hour in
the air. On the
ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around
100 people have already put down a $$10,000 deposit
to get a Transition when they go
on sale, and
those numbers will likely rise after TerrafugiaInc
introduces the Transition to the
public later
this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t
expect it to show up in too many
driveways.
It’s expected to cost $$279, it won’t help if
you’re stuck in traffic. The car
needs a
runway.
Inventors have been trying to make
flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert
Mann, an
airline industry expert. But Mann
thinks TerrafugiaInc has come closer than anyone
to making the
flying car a reality. The
movement has already permitted the company to use
special materials to
make it easier for the
vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going
through crash tests to make sure
it meets
federal safety standards.
Mann said
TerrafugiaInc was helped by the Federal Aviation
Administration’s decision five
years ago to
create a separate set of standards for light sport
aircraft, which are lower than those
for
pilots of larger planes. TerrafugiaInc says an
owner would need to pass a test and complete 20
hours of flying time to be able to fly the
Transition, a requirement pilots would find
relatively easy
to meet.
28. What is the
first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic
data of the Transition.
B. The advantages
of flying cars.
C. The potential market for
flying cars.
C. The designers of the
Transition.
29. Why is the Transition unlikely
to show up in too many driveways?
A. It causes
traffic jams.
B. It is difficult
to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It bums too much fuel.
30. What is the
government’s attitude to the development of the
flying car?
A. Cautious B.
Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D.
Disapproving.
31. What is the best title for
the text?
A. Flying Car at Auto Show B.
The Transition’s Fist Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream
Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
1 6
D
When a
leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit
quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack
Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young
maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a
particular smell that neighboring plants can
get. These chemicals come from the injured parts
of
the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the
plants pump through the air is a mixture of
chemicals
known as volatile organic compounds,
VOCs for short?
Scientists have found that all
kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked
.It’s a
plant’s way of crying out. But is
anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch
the
neighbours react.
Some plants pump out
smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others
do double
duty .They pump out perfumes
designed to attract different insects who are
natural enemies to the
attackers. Once they
arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who
are natural enemies to the
attackers. Once
they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker
who was lunching now becomes
lunch.
In
study after study, it appears that these chemical
conversations help the neighbors .The
damage
is usually more serious on the first plant, but
the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer
because they heard the alarm and knew what to
do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each
other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first
plant
just made a cry of pain or was sending a
message to its own branches, and so, in effect,
was
talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors
just happened to “overhear” the cry. So
information was
exchanged, but it wasn’t a
true, intentional back and forth.
Charles
Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far
busier, noisier and more intimate
（亲密的）than the
world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak.
There’s a whole lot going on.
32. What
does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It
makes noises. B. It gets help from other
plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends
out certain chemicals.
33. What does the
author mean by “the tables are turned” in
paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C.
The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The
perfumes attract natural enemies.
34.
Scientists find from their studies that plants can
.
A. predict natural disasters
B.
protect themselves against insects
C. talk to
one another intentionally
D. help their
neighbors when necessary
35. What can we infer
from the last paragraph?
A. The word is
changing faster than ever.
B. People have
stronger senses than before
C. The world is
more complex than it seems
D. People in
Darwin’s time were imaginative.
2 6
二、2017·全国三卷
C
After
years of heated debate, gray wolves were
reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.
Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and
transported to the park. By last year, the
Yellowstone
wolf population had grown to more
than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen
here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of
the
continental United States, but they were
gradually displaced by human development. By the
1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from
the Yellowstone area. They went farther north
into the deep forests of Canada, where there
were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of
the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and
elk populations —
major food sourcesfor the
wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large
amounts of
（来源）
vegetation
（植被）
,
which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the
absence of wolves, coyote
populations also
grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large
percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and
completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the
government to consider reintroducing wolves to
Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would
be able to control the elk and coyote problems.
Many farmers opposed the plan because they
feared that wolves would kill their farm animals
or
pets.
The government spent nearly 30
years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the
wolvers. The
and Wildlife Service carefully
monitors and manages the wolf packs in
Yellowstone.
Today, the debate continues over
how well the gray wolf is fitting in at
Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and
coyote populations
are down, while beavers and red fores have made a
comeback. The
Yellowstone wolf project has
been a valuable experiment to help biologists
decide whether to
reintroduce wolves to other
parts of the country as well.
28. What is the
text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the
United States.
B. Plant diversity in the
Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between
farmers and gray wolves.
D. The reintroduction
of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29. What does
the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2
mean?
A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced
out. D. Tracked down.
did the disappearance
of gray wolves bring about？
A. Damage to local
ecology.
B. A decline in the park’s
income.
C. Preservation of vegetation.
D. An increase in the variety of animals.
is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone
wolf project？
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
3 6
D
The Intelligent
Transport team at Newcastle University have turned
an electric car into a
mobile laboratory named
“Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges
faced by older
drivers and to discover where
the key stress points are.
Research shows that
giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a
fall in health and
well-being among older
people, leading to them becoming more
isolated（隔绝）and inactive.
Led by Professor
Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-
vehicle technologies for
older drivers which
they hope could help them to continue driving into
later life.
These include custom-made
navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and
intelligent
speed adaptations. Phil Blythe
explains: “For many older people, particularly
those living alone or
in the country, driving
is important for preserving their independence,
giving them the freedom to
get out and about
without having to rely on others.”
“But we
all have to accept that as we get older our
reactions slow down and this often
results in
people avoiding any potentially challenging
driving conditions and losing confidence in
their driving skills. The result is that
people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the
older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is
helping us to understand what the key points
and difficulties are for older drivers and how we
might use technology to address these
problems.
“For example, most of us would
expect older drivers always go slower than
everyone else
but surprisingly, we found that
in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a
constant speed and so
were more likely to
break the speed limit and be at risk of getting
fined. We’re looking at the
benefits of
systems which control their speed as a way of
preventing that.
“We hope that our work will
help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure
that
older drivers stay safer behind the
wheel.”
is the purpose of the Drivel LAB?
A. To explore new means of transport.
B.
To design new types of cars.
C. To find out
older driver`s problems.
D. To teach people
traffic rules.
33. Why is driving important
for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A.
It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them
save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
34.
What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B.
Develop driver-assist technologies.
C.
Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D.
Organize regular physical checkups.
35. What
is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model
Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problem
C. Driving Service for elders
D. Keeping
Older Drivers on the Road
4 6
三、2018·江西一模
C
Alongside
air and water, food is a necessity for human
beings to survive and thrive. But it’s a
lot
more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of
Scientific American wrote: “The most
intimate（亲密
的）relationship we will ever have is
not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is
between our
bodies and our food.”
Nowadays, for most people in the world’s
wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an
enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.
Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you’ll
find at least one channel feeding this popular
obsession. And most of us know at least one person
who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It’s
almost impossible nowadays to check our social
media apps without at least two or three
photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.
But
behind the fancy recipes and social media
bragging（夸耀）, many of us forget how much we take
food for granted. This is why World Food Day
is held each year.
Take Kenya for example.
This east African nation has been suffering
terrible droughts. The
result is that people
are beginning to starve. Children in particular
are suffering, with some of
them even dying.
This may seem shocking to know, especially as many
cultures outside of Africa
think of food in a
completely different way. But even in the UK,
families on low incomes are
forced to use food
banks—European organizations that hand out donated
food to those who can’t
afford to pay for it
themselves. So what can we do on World Food Day?
One good way to spend it
would be to feel
humble and appreciate what we have. After all,
food is essential for survival, but
not
everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to
dinner time.
28. According to Mariette
Dichristina, what has the closest relationship
with us?
A. Air. B. Water. C. Food.
D. Human beings.
29. What does the underlined
word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.
Delicious food.
B. A person fond
of food.
C. A social media app.
D. A photo of delicious meals.
30. Who can
get help from food banks?
A. Poor people in
the UK.
B. Poor people in Africa.
C. Starving children in Kenya.
D.
People in the drought-stricken.
31. What’s the
best title for the text?
A. Treat Food as a
Hobby
B. Time to Appreciate Food
C. Food Shortage in Some Countries
D. How to Spend World Food Day
5 6
D
Traditionally, robots
have been hard, made of metal and other rigid
material: But a team of
scientists at Harvard
University in the US has managed to build an
entirely soft robot-one that
draws inspiration
from an octopus（章鱼）.
Described in science
journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way
for more effective
autonomous robots that
could be used in search，rescue and exploration.
“The Octobot is minimal
system which may serve
as a foundation for a new generation of completely
soft, autonomous
robots” the study’s authors
wrote.
Robots built for precise, repetitive
movements in a controlled environment don’t do so
well
on rough terrains（地形）or in unpredictable
conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around
humans, because they’re made out of hard and
heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to
their users.
So researchers have been
working on building soft robots for decades.
They’re taken
inspiration from nature, looking
to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which
are often made up
of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a
challenge. Even if engineers build a
silicone
（硅酮）body, it’s still a grand challenge
to construct flexible versions of essential parts,
such as a
source of power.
“Although soft
robotics is still in its early stage, it holds
great promise for several
applications, such
as search-rescue operations and exploration,”
Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio
Mattoli of the
Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-
Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment.
“Soft robots
might also open up new approaches to improving
wellness and quality of life.”
32. What’s the
special feature of “Octobot”？
A. It’s soft.
B. It’s made of metal.
C. It’s very small.
D. It looks like an octopus.
33. What’s
the disadvantage of traditional robots?
A.
They’re hard to control.
B. They’re
too heavy to move.
C. They can’t predict
conditions.
D. They can’t behave well
all the time.
34. One of the biggest
challenges is to build Octobot’s ________.
A.
silicone body
B. complex
components
C. precise movements
D. flexible power source
35. What’s the
possible application of “Octobot”？
A. Medical
research. B. Life rescue.
C.
Machine operation. D. House cleaning.
一、28-31 ACBD 32-35 DABC
二、28-31 DCAB
32-35 CACD
三、28-31 CBAB 32-35 ADDB
6 6