四年级英语下一般过去时的用法
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一般过去时的用法
一、概念
1.表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday,
last week,
an hour ago, in 1982等。
如:1)I
was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。
2)I
went to bed at eleven last nigth. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。
2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
1)When I was a
child, I often played football in the street.
我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢
足球。
2)My father often
drove to work last year. 去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。
二、句子结构
1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。
如:(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
(2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。
如:I visited
my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句: 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 +
宾语。 (did + not = didn't) He didn't do
morning exercises yesterday.
b.主语 +
wasn’tweren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not =
weren't) He wasn't
an English
teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ? Did you study
English in 1990 ?
b.WasWere + 主语 + 表语 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a.特殊疑问词 + did +
主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语? Where did your
parents
live five years ago? What did you do
last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + werewas + 表语? Who was
at the zoo yesterday?
三、时间特征
在一般过去时句子中,通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,
yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,
yesterday evening, the day before yesterday(前天),
last night, last week, last month, last year,
a moment ago(刚才), just now(刚才), two days ago,
a week ago, in 1990,
四、动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-
ed,
如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,
再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was are-were do-did see-saw
say-said give-gave get-got go-went come-came
have-had
eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang
put-put make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew
drink-drank fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke
sweep-swept swim-swam sit-sat
6.词尾听加的—
ed的发音,有以下几种情况:
a. 以元音或浊辅音结尾的动词。加— ed后,—
ed发音浊辅音[d]。
b. 以清辅音结尾的动词,加— ed后,— ed发清辅音[t]。
c. 以[t] [d]结尾的动词,加— ed后,— ed发[id],与结尾的[t]、[d]相
拼,读作[tid]或[did].
动词变过去式的不规则变化总结
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—d
rank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim
—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow
—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy—
bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
2.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi
〕—heard〔h :d〕,
say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,bui
ld—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,
fi
nd—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held
,leave—left,make
—made,may—might,run—ran,see—sa
w,take—took
A.从1—10
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten
B.从 11—19eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen,
fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen,
nineteen
C.从 21—99整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特
殊形式外,sixty,
seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-
ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数
词形式之间添加连字符“-”