五下语文书人教版
简单的科技小制作-黄玫瑰黄灿
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）
Part I
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write an essay based on the
picture
below. You should start your essay with a brief
description of the
picture and then comment on
the kid’s understanding of going to school.
You should write at least 120 words but no
more than 180 words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you
will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more questions
will be
asked about what was said. Both the conversation
and the
questions will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a
pause.
During the pause, you must read the four choices
marked A), B),
C) and D), and decide which is
the best answer. Then mark the
corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line
through the
centre.
1. A) He will give the
woman some tips on the game.
B) The woman has
good reason to quit the game.
C) He is willing
to play chess with the woman.
D) The woman
should go on playing chess.
2. A) The man can
forward the mail to Mary.
B) She can call Mary
to take care of the mail.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
C) Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.
D) She would like to resume contact with
Sally.
3. A) His handwriting has a unique
style.
B) His notes are not easy to read.
C) He did not attend today’s class.
D) He
is very pleased to be able to help.
4. A) The
man had better choose another restaurant.
B)
The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C) The new restaurant caught her fancy
immediately.
D) The man has good taste in
choosing the restaurant.
5. A) He has been
looking forward to spring.
B) He has been
waiting for the winter sale.
C) He will clean
the woman’s boots for spring.
D) He will help
the woman put things away.
6. A) The woman is
rather forgetful.
B) The man appreciates the
woman’s help.
C) The man often lends books to
the woman.
D) The woman often works overtime
at weekends.
7. A) Go to work on foot.
B)
Take a sightseeing trip.
C) Start work earlier
than usual.
D) Take a walk when the weather is
nice.
8. A) The plane is going to land at
another airport.
B) All flights have been
delayed due to bad weather.
C) Temporary
closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.
D. The airport’s management is in real need of
improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based
on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A)
It specializes in safety from leaks.
B) It is
headquartered in London.
C) It has a
partnership with LCP.
D) It has a chemical
processing plant.
10. A) He is Mr. Grand’s
friend.
B) He is a safety inspector.
C) He
is a salesman.
D) He is a chemist.
11. A)
Director of the safety department.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
B) Mr. Grand’s
personal assistant.
C) Head of the personnel
department.
D) The public relations officer.
12. A) Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.
B)
Leave a message for Mr. Grand.
C) Provide
details of their products and services.
D)
Send a comprehensive description of their work.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
13. A) She
learned playing the violin from a famous French
musician.
B) She dreamed of working and living
in a European country.
C) She read a lot about
European musicians and their music.
D) She
listened to recordings of many European
orchestras.
14. A) She began taking violin
lessons as a small child.
B) She was a pupil
of a famous European violinist.
C) She gave
her first performance with her father.
D) She
became a professional violinist at fifteen.
15. A) It gave her a chance to explore the
city.
B) It was the chance of a lifetime.
C) It was a great challenge to her.
D) It
helped her learn classical French music.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you
will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage,
you will hear some questions. Both
the passage and the questions will be
spoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best
answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a
single line through the
centre.
Passage
One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
16. A) There are
mysterious stories behind his works.
B) There
are many misunderstandings about him.
C) His
works have no match worldwide.
D) His personal
history is little known.
17. A) He moved to
Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
B) He
failed to go beyond grammar school.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
C) He was a member of
the town council.
D) He once worked in a well-
known acting company.
18. A) Writers of his
time had no means to protect their works.
B)
Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a
fire.
C) His works were adapted beyond
recognition.
D) People of his time had little
interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
19. A) Theft.
B)
Cheating.
C) Air crash.
D) Road accidents.
20. A) Learn the local customs.
B) Make
hotel reservations.
C) Book tickets well in
advance.
D) Have the right documents.
21.
A) Contact your agent.
B) Get a lift if
possible.
C) Use official transport.
D)
Have a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
22. A) Cut down
production cost.
B) Sell inexpensive products.
C) Specialise in gold ornaments.
D) Refine
the taste of his goods.
23. A) At a national
press conference.
B) During a live television
interview.
C) During a local sales promotion
campaign.
D) At a meeting of top British
business people.
24. A) Insulted.
B)
Puzzled.
C) Distressed.
D) Discouraged.
25. A) The words of some business people are
just rubbish.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
B) He
who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
C) There should be a limit to one’s sense of
humour.
D) He is not laughed at, that laughs
at himself first.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a
passage three times. When the passage is
read
for the first time, you should listen carefully
for its general idea.
When the passage is read
for the second time, you are required to fill in
the blanks with the exact words you have just
heard. Finally, when the
passage is read for
the third time, you should check what you have
written.
Looking at the basic
biological systems, the world is not doing very
well. Yet
economic indicators show the world
is 26 . Despite a slow start at the beginning of
the eighties, global economic output increased
by more than a fifth during the 27 .
The
economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new
jobs were created. How can
biological
indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators
have a basic fault: they show no
difference
between resource uses that 29 progress and those
uses that will hurt it.
The main measure of
economic progress is the gross national product
(GNP). 30 ,
this totals the value of all
goods and services produced and subtracts loss in
value of
factories and equipment. Developed a
half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common
way
among countries of measuring change in economic
output. For some time, this
seemed to work 32
well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing. As
indicated
earlier, GNP includes loss in value
of factories and equipment, but it does not 33
the loss of natural resources, including
nonrenewable resources such as oil or
renewable resources such as forests.
This
basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national
economic health.
According to GNP, for
example, countries that overcut forests actually
do better than
those that preserve their
forests. The trees cut down are counted as income
but no
subtraction is made for 35 the
forests.
Part III Reading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section,
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to
select one word for each blank
from a list of choices given in a word
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
bank following the
passage: Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank
is identified by a letter.
Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2
with a single line through the centre. You
may not use any of the words in
the bank more
than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the
following passage.
The U.S. Department of
Education is making efforts to ensure that all
students
have equal access to a quality
education. Today it is 36 the launch of the
Excellent
Educators for All Initiative. The
initiative will help states and school districts
support
great educators for the students who
need them most.
“All children are 37 to
a high-quality education regardless of their race,
zip
code or family income. It is 38
important that we provide teachers and principals
the support they need to help students reach
their full 39 ,” U.S. Secretary of
Education
Arne Duncan said. “Despite the excellent work and
deep 40 of our
nation’s teachers and
principals, students in high-poverty, high-
minority schools are
unfairly treated across
our country. We have to do better. Local leaders
and educators
will 41 their own creative
solutions, but we must work together to 42 our
focus on how to better recruit, support and
43 effective teachers and principals for
all
students, especially the kids who need them most.”
Today’s announcement is another important
step forward in improving access to
a quality
education, a 44 of President Obama’s year of
action. Later today,
Secretary Duncan will
lead a roundtable discussion with principals and
school
teachers from across the country about
the 45 of working in high-need schools and
how to adopt promising practices for
supporting great educators in these schools.
A) announcing
B) beneficial
C)
challenges
D) commitment
E) component
F) contests
G) critically
H) develop
Section B
Directions: In this
section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements
attached to it. Each statement
contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which
the information is
I) distributing
J)
enhance
K) entitled
L) potential
M)
properly
N) qualified
O) retain
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
derived. You may
choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
is marked with a letter. Answer the questions
by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
[A] Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned
bunch. Health experts regularly
criticise them
severely for selling food that makes people fat.
Critics even
complain that McDonald’s, whose
logo symbolises calorie excess, should not
have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.
These are things fast-food firms
have learnt
to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The
burger business
faces more pressure from
regulators at a time when it is already adapting
strategies in response to shifts in the global
economy.
[B] Fast food was once thought
to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut
spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big
Macs and Whoppers become even
more attractive.
Such “trading down” proved true for much of the
latest recession,
when fast-food companies
picked up customers who could no longer afford to
eat
at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted
in America, the home of fast food, with
discounts and promotions, such as $$1 menus and
cheap combination meals.
[C] As a result,
fast-food chains have weathered the recession
better than their more
expensive competitors.
In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in
America fell by
more than 6%, but total sales
remained about the same at fast-food chains. In
some markets, such as Japan, France and
Britain, total spending on fast food
increased. Same-store sales in America at
McDonald’s, the world’s largest
fast-food
company, did not decline throughout the downturn.
Panera Bread, an
American fast-food chain
known for its fresh ingredients, performed well,
too,
because it offers higher-quality food at
lower prices than restaurants.
[D] But
not all fast-food companies have been as
fortunate. Many, such as Burger
King, have
seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some
people trade down to
fast food, many others
eat at home more frequently to save money. David
Palmer,
an analyst at UBS, a bank, says
smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack
in the Box and Carl’s Jr., have been hit
particularly hard in this downturn because
they are competing with the global giant
McDonald’s, which increased spending
on
advertising by more than 7% last year as others
cut back.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
[E]
Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own
profits by trying to give
customers better
value. During the recession companies set prices
low, hoping
that once they had tempted
customers through the door they would be persuaded
to order more expensive items. But in many
cases that strategy did not work. Last
year
Burger King franchisees (特许经营人) sued (起诉) the
company over its
double-cheeseburger
promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be
required to
sell these for $$1 when they cost
$$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favour of
Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may
still be cursing its decision to
promote cheap
choices over more expensive ones because items on
its “value
menu” now account for around 20% of
all sales, up from 12% last October.
[F]
Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow
modestly this year. But the
downturn is making
companies rethink their strategies. Many are now
introducing
higher-priced items to entice (引诱)
consumers away from $$1 specials. KFC, a
division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco
Belland Pizza Hut, has launched
a chicken
sandwich that costs around $$5. And in May Burger
King introduced
barbecue (烧烤) pork ribs at $$7
for eight.
[G] Companies are also trying
to get customers to buy new and more items,
including
drinks. McDonald’s started selling
better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its
“McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6%
of sales in America. Starbucks
has sold rights
to its Seattle’s Best coffee brand to Burger King,
which will start
selling it later this year.
[H] As fast-food companies shift from
“super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep
customer traffic high throughout the day. Many
see breakfast as a big opportunity,
and not
just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling
porridge (粥) in America
next year. Breakfast
has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara
Senatore of
Bernstein, a research firm,
because the margins can be high. Fast-food
companies
are also adding midday and late-
night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps.
The idea is that by having a greater range of
things on the menu, “we can sell to
consumers
products they want all day,” says Rick Carucci,
the chief financial
officer of Yum! Brands.
[I] But what about those growing
waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly
avoided government regulation. By providing
healthy options, like salads and
low-calorie
sandwiches, they have at least given the
impression of doing
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
something about helping to fight obesity
(肥胖症). These offerings are not
necessarily
loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of
outlets to groups of diners
that include some
people who don’t want to eat a burger. But
customers cannot be
forced to order salads
instead of fries.
[J] In the future,
simply offering a healthy option may not be good
enough. “Every
packaged-food and restaurant
company I know is concerned about regulation right
now,” says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s
health-reform bill, which Congress
passed this
year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more
outlets to put the
calorie-content of items
they serve on the menu. A study by the National
Bureau
of Economic Research, which tracked the
effects on Starbucks of a similar
calorie-
posting law in New York City in 2007, found that
the average
calorie-count per transaction fell
6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores
where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearby—a
sign, it is said, that menu-labelling
could
favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
[K] In order to avoid other legislation
in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies
will have to continue innovating (创新). Walt
Riker of McDonald’s claims the
change it has
made in its menu means it offers more healthy
items than it did a
few years ago. “We
probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more
salads, more
apples than any restaurant
business in the world,” he says. But the recent
proposal
by a county in California to ban
McDonald’s from including toys in its
high-
calorie “Happy Meals”, because legislators believe
it attracts children to
unhealthy food,
suggests there is a lot more left to do.
46. Some people propose laws be made to stop
McDonald’s from attaching toys to its
food
specials for children.
47. Fast-food firms may
not be able to cope with pressures from food
regulation in the
near future.
48. Burger
King will start to sell Seattle’s Best coffee to
increase sales.
49. Some fast-food firms
provide healthy food to give the impression they
are helping
to tackle the obesity problem.
50. During the recession, many customers
turned to fast food to save money.
51. Many
people eat out less often to save money in times
of recession.
52. During the recession, Burger
King’s promotional strategy of offering low-priced
items often proved ineffective.
53. Fast-
food restaurants can make a lot of money by
selling breakfast.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
54. Many fast-food companies now expect to
increase their revenue by introducing
higher-
priced items.
55. A newly-passed law asks big
fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of
what
they serve on the menu.
Section
C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each
of them there are four
choices marked A), B),
C) and D). You should decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based
on following passage.
If you think a high-
factor sunscreen (防晒霜) keeps you safe from harmful
rays,
you may be wrong. Research in this
week’s Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces
the number of melanomas (黑瘤) and delays their
occurrence, it can’t prevent them.
Melanomas
are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a
higher risk if you have
red or blond hair,
fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily,
or if a close relative
has had one. Melanomas
are more common if you have periodic intense
exposure to
the sun. Other skin cancers are
increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective
sunscreen is in reducing
melanomas the
evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other
types of skin cancer.
A 2011 Australian study
of 1,621 people found that people randomly
selected to apply
sunscreen daily had half the
rate of melanomas of people who used cream as
needed.
A second study, comparing 1,167 people
with melanomas to 1,101 who didn’t have
the
cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely,
alongside other protection such as
hats, long
sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some
protection. This study said
other forms of sun
protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.
The study relied
on people remembering what
they had done over each decade of their lives, so
it’s not
entirely reliable. But it seems
reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false
sense
of security in the sun.
Many people
also don’t use sunscreen properly applying
insufficient amounts,
failing to reapply after
a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.
It is sunburn
that is most worrying recent
research shows five episodes of sunburn in the
teenage
years increases the risk of all skin
cancers.
The good news is that a combination
of sunscreen and covering up can reduce
melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures
from their slip-slop-slap campaign.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
So if there is a heat
wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to
slip on a shirt,
slop on (抹上) sunscreen and
slap on a hat.
56. What is people’s common
expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A) It
will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B)
It will protect them from sunburn.
C) It will
keep their skin smooth and fair.
D) It will
work for people of any skin color.
57. What
does the research in Nature say about a high-
factor sunscreen?
A) It is ineffective in
preventing melanomas.
B) It is ineffective in
case of intense sunlight.
C) It is ineffective
with long-term exposure.
D) It is ineffective
for people with fair skin.
58. What do we
learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621
people?
A) Sunscreen should be applied
alongside other protection measures.
B) High-
risk people benefit the most from the application
of sunscreen.
C) Irregular application of
sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D)
Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the
incidence of melanomas.
59. What does the
author say about the second Australian study?
A) It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for
protection.
B) It helps people to select the
most effective sunscreen.
C) It is not based
on direct observation of the subjects.
D) It
confirms the results of the first Australian
study.
60. What does the author suggest to
reduce melanoma rates?
A) Using both covering
up and sunscreen.
B) Staying in the shade
whenever possible.
C) Using covering up
instead of sunscreen.
D) Applying the right
amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following
passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated
people increasingly work longer than the
less-
skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with
a professional degree are in
the workforce,
compared with 32% of men with only a high-school
certificate. This
gap is part of a deepening
divide between the well-educated well-off and the
unskilled
poor. Rapid technological advance
has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while
squeezing those of the unskilled. The
consequences, for individuals and society, are
profound.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
The
world is facing an astonishing rise in the number
of old people, and they will
live longer than
ever before. Over the next 20 years the global
population of those
aged 65 or more will
almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.
The experience
of the 20th century, when
greater longevity (长寿) translated into more years
in
retirement rather than more years at work,
has persuaded many observers that this
shift
will lead to slower economic growth, while the
swelling ranks of pensioners will
create
government budget problems.
But the notion of
a sharp division between the working young and the
idle old
misses a new trend, the growing gap
between the skilled and the unskilled.
Employment rates are falling among younger
unskilled people, whereas older skilled
folk
are working longer. The divide is most extreme in
America, where well-educated
baby-boomers
(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while
many less-skilled younger people have dropped
out of the workforce.
Policy is partly
responsible. Many European governments have
abandoned
policies that used to encourage
people to retire early. Rising life expectancy
(预期寿
命), combined with the replacement of
generous defined-benefit pension plans with
less generous defined-contribution ones, means
that even the better-off must work
longer to
have a comfortable retirement. But the changing
nature of work also plays a
big role. Pay has
risen sharply for the highly educated, and those
people continue to
reap rich rewards into old
age because these days the educated elderly are
more
productive than the preceding generation.
Technological change may well reinforce
that
shift: the skills that complement computers, from
management know how to
creativity, do not
necessarily decline with age.
61. What is
happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C) Unemployment rates are rising year after
year.
D) People with no college degree do not
easily find work.
62. What has helped deepen
the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A) Longer life expectancies.
B) A rapid
technological advance.
C) Profound changes in
the workforce.
D) A growing number of the
well-educated.
63. What do many observers
predict in view of the experience of the 20th
century?
A) Economic growth will slow down.
B) Government budgets will increase.
C)
More people will try to pursue higher education.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
D) There will be more
competition in the job market.
64. What is the
result of policy changes in European countries?
A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire
early.
B) More people have to receive in-
service training.
C) Even wealthy people must
work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D) People may be able to enjoy generous
defined-benefits from pension plans.
65. What
is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A) Computers will do more complicated work.
B) More will be taken by the educated young.
C) Most jobs to be done will be the creative
ones.
D) Skills are highly valued regardless
of age.
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese
into English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许
多元素都起源于中
国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国
还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，
中国是世界最大的
出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投
资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本
成为世界第二大经济体。