如何提高小学生数学计算能力
属牛的最佳配偶-鉴定书
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
在小学中低年级教学中，计算占相当大的比例，学生最容易出错的也是计算，特别是随
着计算机时代的到
来，计算能力往往被很多人所忽视。我觉得计算能力是每个人必备的一项
基本功，培养学生的计算能力也
是小学生数学教学中的一项重要任务，是学生学好数学的重
要基础。学会计算，终身受用，生活中处处离
不开计算，计算是小学数学教学的重中之重。
In teaching in
the elementary school lower grade calculation,
accounts for a considerable
proportion of
students the most error-prone and computing,
especially with the advent of the era of
computer, computing capacity is often ignored
by many people. I think computing capability is a
basic skills essential to everyone, to
cultivate the students' calculation ability is an
important task
in the primary school
mathematics teaching, is the important foundation
of students to learn
mathematics. Society,
life, life is inseparable from the calculation,
the calculation is the key of the
elementary
school mathematics teaching.
一、把好口算关
著名数学家裘宗沪指出：如果你想学好数学，首先要会算，而且要算得好，心算是一种
思维
能力。心算好，脑子里能盘算的问题就多，随时随地都能想问题。
Famous
mathematician QiuZong hu pointed out that: if you
want to learn math well, first of
all to
calculate, and to calculate well, mental
arithmetic is a kind of thinking ability. Good
mental
arithmetic, the brain can only problem
is, anytime, anywhere can want to question.
1、培养学生的“数感”。
数感，它同音乐的“乐感”、美术的“美感”一样，学数
学就得有“数感”。在教学中，
让学生用数学的眼光去观察、认识周围的事物，用数学的概念与语言去反
映和描述社会生产
和生活中的问题，结合生活中的具体事例去教学数学知识，让学生感受到数学就在身边
，生
活中处处有数学，从而以积极的心态投入学习，体验“数感”。
Number sense, it with the music of the
sense
things around, using mathematical
concepts and language to reflect and describe the
problem of
social production and life,
combined with the concrete facts of life to
teaching mathematics
knowledge, let students
experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in
the life mathematics,
with positive attitude
in learning, experience the
2、强化口算。
口算是笔算、估算、简算的基础，无论整数、小数的加减法，还是乘除法，以及四则混
合运
算，都离不开口算。如：360÷18=360÷9÷2=40÷2=20，在这个简算的过程中，运用
了三项口算。又如：计算5764+3821的和，要用到4项加法口算，任何一个环节发生错误，
都可
导致全盘出错。因此，要提高小学生的计算能力，就必须从强化口算能力抓起，把口算
训练当作一项常规
工作来抓。我的具体做法是：
Oral is the basis of
manual computation and estimation, Jane is, in any
integer, decimal
1 6
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
addition and subtraction, or, method, and the
four mixed operation, cannot leave the oral. Such
as:
360 present 18 = 360 present nine members
present 2 = 40 members present 2 = 20, in the
process
of the abridged, using three oral
arithmetic. Again such as calculation of 5764 +
3821, and, need
four addition oral, any a link
error, can lead to errors. Therefore, to improve
the elementary
student's computing power, it
must grab from strengthening oral ability, oral
training as a routine
work. My particular way
is:
（1）每天利用3-5分钟时间训练口算。在教学中，我每天在课堂上利用3
-5分钟时间
进行口算训练，或视算或听算，或在作业中抄一、两道脱式计算题，每天批阅并及时反馈，
逐步提高学生的计算能力。
(1) using 3-5
minutes daily oral training. In the teaching, I
every day in the classroom use of
3-5 minutes
oral training, or ShiSuan or listen to calculate,
or, in the case of a homework to copy
one or
two off type calculation problem, marking and
feedback in time every day, gradually
improve
the students' ability of calculation.
（2）记忆一些常用数据和巧算方法。像20以内的加减法、表内乘法、1-20的平方数
等，都要求学
生熟记，达到脱口而出的程度。同时，经常教学生一些巧算的方法，也可使其
计算速度大大提高。如：一
个数与“11”相乘，“两边一拉，中间一加，满十向前一位进一”；
一个数与5、25、125相乘，
都可以运用巧算方法：
(2) memory and some
commonly used data coincidence counting method. As
addition and
subtraction, multiplication table
within 20, 1-20 square number, etc., require
students to memorize
and to the point of blurt
out. At the same time, often teach students some
clever calculate way, also
can make its
calculation speed is greatly increased. Such as:
is multiplied by a number from
125, can
use opportunely calculate method:
24×5=24÷2×10
24 * 24 present 2 * 5 = 10
324×25=324÷4×100
25 = 324
present 4 x 324 x 324
409×125=408×125+125=408÷8×1000+125
409 *
125 = 408 * 125 + 125 = 408 present 8 x 1000 + 125
还有一些除法试商法：差数试商法、同头无除商八九法（当被除数和除数最高位上的数<
br>字相同时，俗称“同头”，被除数的前几位比除数小，且除数与被除数次高位上的数的差不
超过最
高位时，可直接用八与九试商）、中数试商法、折半试商法等等，这些都是学生快算
所必须掌握的基本方
法。
2 6
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
Try
some division commercial law: differential try to
commercial law, with the head in addition to
business method (when the Numbers on the
dividend and the divisor that high phase at the
same
time, commonly known as the
and
dividend the number of times on the high error is
less than the highest level, can be directly
used eight and nine test quotient), median try
commercial law, binary and commercial law, and so
on, these are students quick is necessary to
master the basic method.
二、理解算理，提倡算法多样化
要使学生会算，必须要使其明确算理，这就要求教师对算法和算理
的教学必须正确，因
为第一印象非常重要，第一次讲错以后就很难改掉。记得一位心理学家说过：首次感
知新知
识时，进入大脑的信息可以有受前摄抑制的干扰，能在学生的大脑皮层留下深刻的印象。但
如果首次感知不准确，那么造成的不良后果在短期内是难以清除的。因此，教师必须充分备
课，选择最
优方案，以期达到良好的教学效果。
To make the student
union, must make it clear to calculate, this
requires teachers to the
algorithm and the
principle of teaching must be correct, because the
first impression is very
important, for the
first time speak wrong, it is hard to remove it
later. Remember a psychologist
said: first
perception of new knowledge, proactive inhibition
of information into the brain can be
affected
by the interference, can leave deep impression in
students' brain cortex. But if the first
perception is not accurate, the adverse
consequences in the short term is difficult to
remove.
Therefore, the teacher must fully
preparation, select the optimal scheme, in order
to achieve good
teaching effect.
在
学生明确算理的基础上，要提倡算法多样化。算法多样化不是要求每个学生都用多种
方法解决同一问题，
而是要鼓励学生独立思考，用适合自己的方法解决，有能力的可以运用
多种方法，没有这种需求的学生只
用一种即可。提倡算法多样化，也要注意方法的优化，对
于学生想出的每一种正确方法都给予肯定，说服
学生放弃自己的落后繁琐观点，去遵循优秀、
简洁的方法，这样才能使自己的思维能力不断提高。特别要
对中、高年级提出的每一种算法，
可让其自己说明算理，以防止其“知其然，不知其所以然”，同时起到
培养学生逻辑思维和
口头表达能力的作用。
In students
is clear, on the basis of to promote diversity
algorithm. Diversity algorithm isn't
required
that every student (should) use a variety of
methods to solve the same problem, but rather
to encourage students to think independently
and solve with suitable methods, ability can use a
variety of methods, without the need of
students in a can. Advocating algorithm diversity,
also
want to pay attention to the optimization
method, for students to come up with every kind of
right
way to give affirmation, persuade
students give up their backward trival, to follow
the outstanding,
simple method, so as to make
their thinking ability constantly improve.
Especially for middle and
senior each kind of
algorithm, can calculate, make its own
instructions in order to prevent the
oral
expression ability.
三、重视估算，教给方法
3
6
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
Third, the
value estimate, teach method
在日常生活和生产实
际中，某些计算和测量的结果无法得到或没有必要得到精确计算结
果或判断时，就要用到估算的方法。如
一个房间的大小、从家到学校的距离、某楼房的高度、
有经验有渔民判断某片水域里鱼的数量等。因此，
重视学生估算能力的培养，不仅可以使学
生的思维更加灵活，而且对学生的直觉思维能力的培养有很大的
帮助。同时，加强估算，可
以加深学生对数字的认识，促进数感的培养，增强应用数学的意识，提高解决
实际问题的能
力。在教学中，我经常性地贯穿一些估算的技巧和方法：
In our daily life and production practice, some
calculation and the measurement result can't
get or there is no need to get the precise
result or judgment, is employed to estimate
method. Such
as the size of a room, the
distance from home to school, a building height,
experienced fishermen
who judge a number of
fish in the water, etc. Attention to the
cultivation of students' ability to
estimate,
therefore, not only can make students' thinking
more flexible, but also for the cultivation
of
the students' ability of intuition thinking has a
lot of help. At the same time, strengthen the
estimation, can deepen students understanding
of digital, promote the cultivation of number
sense,
enhance the consciousness of applied
mathematics, improve the ability of solving
practical
problems. In the teaching, I
regularly throughout some estimation techniques
and methods:
1、近似估算法。在实际计算中，根据情况把两个数同时
估大或同时估小，或一个估大
一个估小，以便口算为宜。估算过程中，由于学生的生活背景、思维方式的
不同，估算结果
也不一定一样，因此，允许估算结果与准确值之间有一定范围的误差，正负误差均可。如
：
1, the approximate estimation. In
the actual calculation, according to the number
two at the
same time for large or for small at
the same time, or a big one for small forecast, so
that verbal
arithmetic is advisable.
Estimation process, because the student's life
background, the different
way of thinking, to
estimate the results may not be the same,
therefore, allow a certain range
between
estimation results with the accurate value of
error of plus or minus error. Such as:
783+945≈800+900=1700
Material 800 783 +
945 + 900 = 1700
3927÷35≈4000÷40=1000
3927 present 35 material present 40 4000
= 1000
2、联系实际估算法。如计算人数、租车数量、铺地买砖等，都必须是
整数，且得采用
“进一法”；用铁皮做铁盒，铁盒必须是整数，且得使用“去尾法”。
2, contact the actual estimation. Such as
computing, rent a car number, floor number to buy
brick, etc., must be an integer, and must
adopt
integer, and must use the
4 6
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
除了课堂上传授方法之外，最有效的方法是让学生在实际生活中锻炼，在处理具体问题
中提高。
In addition to classroom teaching
methods, the most effective way is to let students
exercise in
real life, in dealing with
specific issues.
四、增强学生的实践能力
数学来源于生活，又服务于生活，而计算则是解决实际生活问题的重要手段。
Mathematics comes from life and serves life, and
the calculation is the important means to
solve the problem of real life.
1、
呈现方式生活化。《新课标》中指出：要通过现实生活的情境，使学生体验、感受和
理解数与运算的意义
，要呈现给学生大量的现实背景，从中体会数学与生活的密切联系。如
在教学36×4时，我以如下方式
导入：一件上衣36元钱，买4件这样的上衣需要多少钱？
这种赋计算式题予生活的方法，学生非常乐于
接受。
1, the present way of life.
students experience, feel and understand the
meaning of number and operations, to be presented
to
students a lot of realistic background,
closely related to mathematics and the life. As in
teaching
36 x 4, I import in the following
way: a top 36 yuan, how much do you need to buy 4
such blouse?
This way of life for the
calculation type questions, students are willing
to accept.
2、日常生活数学化。生活中处处有数学，如上街购买衣物，
大约需要带多少钱，需要
估算；准备购买多少件物品，也需要统计和计算，所以，要教育学生留意身边数
学。在随家
长买菜时，要特别留心售货员是如何快速算出结果的。同时，也要用所学过的估算、巧算等<
br>方法帮着大人算一算，以提高自己的计算能力。
2, daily
life mathematically. Everywhere in the life
mathematics, such as street to buy clothes,
about how much money need to take, need to
estimate; Ready to buy how many pieces of goods,
also need to statistics and computation, so
paying conscious attention to mathematics
education to
students. While along with the
parents to buy food, pay special attention
salesman is how to
quickly calculate the
results. We learned at the same time, also want to
use the methods of
estimation, qiao is help to
calculate a calculate, in order to improve their
computing power.
五、养成教育不容忽视
良好的习
惯，直接影响着计算的速度和准确率。在教学中，我发现学生计算题出错的原
因并不是不会做，而是不用
心，所以我认为要让学生养成如下良好习惯。
Good habits and
directly affects the calculation speed and
accuracy. In the teaching, I found
that
students' math error reasons not to do, but not by
heart, so I think to make students form good
habits as follows.
5 6
如何提高小学生数学计算能力
1、规范书写。由于书写不规范而造成计算
错误的现象屡见不鲜，如由于把“5”连笔写，
计算下一步时就误看成了“8”；把“7”潦草地写成了
“1”，而造成计算结果错误。教师要
严格要求学生的书写格式，并以身作则，当好榜样。
1, written in the specification.
Calculation error caused by writing is not
standard phenomenon,
such as due to the
Write a scrawled and cause calculation error.
Teacher is strict with students
writing
format, and lead by example, being a good role
model.
2、认真审题。这是快速、准确计算的关键。做每一道计算题，千万不
要急于下手，首
先要仔细观察，明确应该先计算哪一步，后计算哪一步，找一找哪些地方可以应用巧算的
方
法，做到心里有数，然后再认真计算，这就是所谓“磨刀不误砍柴工”，我给学生改成了审
题
不误计算功。
2, serious topic. It is the
key to the rapid and accurate calculation. Do
every computational
problems, don't rush to
laid hands on him, first have to look carefully,
clear which step should be
calculated, which
is calculated after step, where to find a find
method can be applied to calculation
of, do
know, and then carefully calculated, it is called
students changed to topic calculation work by
mistake.
3、勤于验算。验算既是一种习惯，也是一种能力。不论题目是否
要求验算，都要求学
生必须做到，逐渐养成学生良好的验算习惯。
3,
diligently checking. Calculation is a kind of
habit, is also a kind of ability. Check whether
subject requirement, all students are required
to have to do, gradually to develop students' good
habits of calculating.
4、有错即改。我每次发
下作业本后，便要求学生立即翻看，把错题重新审视一次，看
看错在哪里，并及时订正，这样进一步加深
了学生对算理、算法的理解，达到提高计算能力
的目的。
4, there
is a fault that is change. After every time I send
the homework, students are required to
immediately turn to put the wrong topic review
time, and see what went wrong, and timely
correction, so that further deepening the
students understanding of calculate theory,
algorithm,
achieve the goal of improve the
computing capability.
6 6