现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法
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现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法
基本结构：主语+havehas+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+havehas+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+havehas+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：HaveHas+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（havehas+主语+过去分词+其他）
（1）现在完成
时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,
也就是说,动作或状态发
生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my
money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the
table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been
ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from
abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻
的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）
或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,sinc
e（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
Mary has been ill for
three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for
since 连用。要改变动词
come-be go out-be out
finish-be over open-be open
die-be dead
代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has
bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have
borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been
a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wakewake up
6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open
8、be closed代closeshut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return
to,come back to,go back to
4“be here
(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go
(arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be inat +地点”代替go to
come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be inat +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived atin sw. got
toreached sw. comegonemoved to sw.
→have
been in …相应的介词
2. have comegone backreturned
→ have been back
3. have comegone out →have
been out
4. have become → have been
5.
have closed opened→ have been closeopen
6.
have got up → have been up；
7. have died →
have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been
away from sw.
9. have fallen asleepgot to
sleep → have been asleep；
10. have
finishedendedcompleted → have been over；
11.
Have married → have been married；
12. have
startedbegun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowedbought →have kepthad
15.
have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on
→have worn
17. have caught get a cold → have
had a cold；
18. have got to know → have
known
19. havehas gone to → have been in
20. have joinedhave taken part in the
leaguethe Partythe army
→have been a member
of have been inhave been the Party’s memberthe
league memberthe
soldier…
注意：
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
如yesterday(m
orning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,
since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before,
recently,still, lately等:
He has already
obtained(得到获得) a scholarship(奖学金).
I haven't
seen much of him recently (lately).
We have
seen that film before.
Have they found the
missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never
heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have
used this pen only three times. It is still good.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now,
these daysweeksmonthsyears, this
morningweekmonthyear, just, today, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
There
has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
5.现在完成时的完成用法
现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发
生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了
影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the
light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--
灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语
(
如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，eve
r，once等)、包括现在
时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month
／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your
pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
6.现在完成时的未完成用法
现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要
继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一
直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978
年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
I
have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经
呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，
一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法
的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连
的时间状语
(如：so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from
him so far.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法
只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完
成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，
arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
8.一段时间+has
passed+since从句
9. 现在完成时常和短语
意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延
续到现在.)
Up totill now
he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far.
至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10 has gone (to),has been (to),
has been (in) 的区别
gone:去了没回 been to
:去过 been in：呆了很久
11.不能与when连用