人教版英语 必修五 unit5知识点+练习
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必修五unit5知识点详解
1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb
帮助某人去做…. aid sb to do
在…事帮助某人 aid sb in …
He aided me in business.
I aided her to
continue her study.
At Christmas, many
organizations aid the poor.
n. U 帮助; 援助
在某人的帮助下with the aid of
为了帮助… in aid of
Teachers give their lessons with the aid of
computers.
He raised money in aid of the
sick.
知识拓展：
giveoffer aid 援助
come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人
cut off aid
（突然）终止援助
a hearing aid 助听器
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护
2.
temporary 暂时的，临时的
temporary relief from
pain短暂的解痛
temporary work solution临时工作解决办法
3. fall ill
fall+ adj.(ill, asleep,
awake, sick, silent)
4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态
The computer got damaged when we were moving.
My bike is getting repaired now.
My
glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.
Peter and Mary got married last year.
get
done
get injured受伤 get dressed穿衣服
get
damaged遭到破坏get changed 改变
get married结婚 get
infected被感染
get broken被弄破 get lost迷失，走失
5 injure v.
injury to sth. …（部位）的伤
injuries to the legs
getbe injured
hurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛
injure意外或事故而受伤
wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）
6. bleed-blood-bloody
(v.) (n.) (adj.)
His nose was
bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .=
He
has a bloody nose. 他在流鼻血。
bleed for为…而流血, 悲痛
bleed to death出血过多而死
lose blood流血、失血
flesh and blood血肉之躯
7. choke vi. & vt.
窒息; 阻塞
She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。
The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气
来。
At the bad news, he couldn't choke back his
tear听到这
则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。
The man gave a few
chokes and then got his breath.那个
男人噎了几下才喘过气来。
8. essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的
1)Sun and
water are essential to the growth of
crops.阳
光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。
2)It is essential
for us to set our study goal.我们有必要
来设定我们的学习目标。
3)It is essential that you (should) win the
voter's hearts.
赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。
-----当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的
谓语动词用should
+动词原形 。
9. You have three layers of skin which
act as a barrier
against disease act as
作为….
barrier 屏障,障碍物,隔阂
You should show the
ticket at the barrier.
10. poison .
毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒
eg:1)Poisons must be put out of
children’s reach. 2)This
matter will make some
poison to the crops.这种物质会
对庄稼造成毒害。
3)Books
of this kind can make poison to children.
4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people.
5)The polluted water in the river poisoned
people here.污
染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。
-----poisonous
adj. 有毒(害)的
eg: This medicine is poisonous if
taken in large
quantities.
t…against from…
保护…不受…的损害
prevent…from doing 阻止．．．
protect your eyes from strong light
prevent them from getting married
stop sb.
(from) doing
keep sb. from doing
12. sense
(n. & v.)
five senses：
sense of smell
sense of hearing
the sixth sense sense of
touch
sense of sight sense of taste
sense of humour、duty、direction
The man has
no common sense . (无常识)
1
What
he said made no sense.(没道理) 2)
mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”
sense (v.) 感觉到
如：She‟s the mildest person I have ever met in my
life.
Although she didn‟t say anything, I
sensed that she didn‟t
a mild climate温暖的天气
like the idea.
18. 词语辨析:
as you can
imagine, if your skin gets burned, it
electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.
can be very
serious.
electrical有关电的,与电有关的.
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正electricity电,电力. 电力学
如……”或“就象……”的意思；它所引 . Swell swelled swelled
swollen使膨
的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。
胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大，
as we all know = as is
known to all
1) The wind swelled the sails.
风使船帆鼓起。
as we expect = as is expected
2) His injured wrist began to swell
(up).他那受伤的手腕
as everybody can see
开始肿起。
as you can imagine Her face swelled up with
toothache.
3) The wind swelled into a storm.
s 不同的，各种各样的
There are various colors to
choose from. a small business swelled into a big
company.
4) Never swell with pride when you
make some
vary vi 1.～(in sth)- size, volume,
strength, etc(体积、容
积、力量等)呈现不同 contributions.
有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。
15. vary ～(with sth); ～(from sth
to sth) swell with prideanger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲
The
doctor examined the swelling on my back.
Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动
Her
mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.
swollen adj. 肿胀的
variety n. 变化，多样性，种类
His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了。
We all need
variety in our diet.
The shopping center
sells a variety of goods
stick sth. to sth.
粘住
Stick the glue to my fingers.
a variety
of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一
致=various stick to
sthdoing sth 坚持
on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任
stick to one‟s view 坚持自己的观点
His whole
family depends on him
21. jewellery=jewelry
珠宝(总称) 不可数
He is a man to be depended on.
dependent ( adj. )
jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物
dependence ( n. ) She appeared at the
reception wearing her finest jewels.
independent ( adj. ) independence (n.) She
locked her jewels in the jewellery box.
17.
mild-milder-mildest-mildly burns immediately
with cool but not icy
Examples include mild
sunburn and burns caused by
water.
touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a
moment.
-y是个形容词后缀。如：
1) 轻微的、不严重的”。
windy有风 hilly多小山的
如：Edward
suffered from a mild heart attack. sleepy困倦的
greeny略呈绿色的
spicy辛辣的
woody树木茂密的
23. unbearable不能忍受的
un—不能….,无法….
unforgettable unwilling
unusual uncertain unfair unfit unbelievable
unfortunate uncomfortable
24. squeeze 挤；压；塞
squeeze sth. into sth. 把……塞进 squeeze
sth. from out of sth. 挤出
squeeze through 挤过
squeeze sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出拿出
He squeezed
everything into a suitcase.
She watched her
grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon
attentively
Those blackmailers intended to
squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。
I‟ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze
nothing out of me
The little boy is squeezing
the toothpaste from the tube into the toothbrush
2
25. over and over again
again and again over and again many
timesrepeatedlyfrom time to timenow and thennow
and againAt times
26. Hold the bandage in
place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。
in place在适当的地方。如：
The librarian put the returned books in place.
图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。
You‟d better put things back
in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。
Her dress was out of
place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）
in place
还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：
The arrangements for the
concert next Saturday are all in
place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。
1. 倒,灌,注
She
poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了
一杯茶。
2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产
They have poured money
into the tourist industry. 他们
已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。
3 倾吐,诉说
She often pours her troubles to
friends. 她经常向朋友们
倾诉自己的苦恼。
不及物动词 vi.
Reading2
1 award, reward, prize
award
指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以
指法庭裁决给予。如：
The school
principal awarded a prize in history to the
best student.
reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该
得到的东西。如：
The fireman received a reward for saving the
child's life.
prize
“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
如：
Hundreds of
prizes can be won in our newspaper
competition.
n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬;名誉
It‟s a point of honor with me to reply all my
debts
promptly.
(C) 引以为荣的人事，只用单数。
The
successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor
to our country.
do sb an honor the honor
（of doing sth）使某人有特
殊的荣幸,赏光
Will you do me
the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光
和我一起吃饭？
in sb’s sth’s honor 出于对…的敬意
1. 倾泻,涌流
The crowd poured out of the concert hall.
人群从音乐厅
涌出来。
Sweat poured from Martin's
face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。
2. 斟茶
Shall I pour?
我来斟茶好吗?
3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down)
The rain poured
steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。
Pour cold water
onover对…泼冷水
Pour oil on the flames火上浇油
Pour oil on troubled waters平息风波
We are
planning a big Christmas party in your honor.
in honor of… ，为纪念…，为庆祝…
A monument was
built in honor of the heroes who gave
up their
lives during the war.
v.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）
1
honor sbsth （ with sth）
The President honored
us with a personal visit.
2 be honored for…
因…而受到尊敬
Dr Bethune was honored for his
selfless work.
3 befeel honored that…很荣幸能做…
I am honored that you should notice me.
4
befeel honored to do 很荣幸能做…。
I am honored to
be here with you.能和你在这里我感到
很荣幸。
3 present
v.
Joan was presented with his award at a
ceremony which
recognized the bravery of the
life of another.
1).赠送
present + sth. +to
+sb. 把某物送给某人
present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物
2).——introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍
She
presented her boyfriend to us.
3).——show显示,呈现
～a smiling face显出一张笑脸
4). 描述
The
characters in the novel are vividly ～ed.
3
adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”
作后置定语,“出席的,在场的
the present members the
members present be present at 出席;到场
n.——gift 礼物
相关短语the present day 今天(=today)
at present／at the present time＝now 现在 for the
present 暂时
4 .ceremony
n.
(C)典礼；仪式
(U)礼节；礼仪；客套
The wedding
ceremony was beautiful.
There is no need for
ceremony between us.
Expressions:
stand on
ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套
with ceremony 正式；隆重
without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地
The head of
state was welcomed with full
ceremony.人们
以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。
5. John was
studying in his room when he heard
screaming.
此句型中when作并列连词相当于and
then意为”正
当……时突然”,常用于以下句型：
be doing …when…
正在做……突然
be about to do …when… 即将做……突然
be on the point to do…when…正要去做…..突然
hashavehad done…when… 刚刚……这时 (突然)
6 cut
one's finger 割破手指
have one's hair cut 理发
cut expenses 减少费用
cut a class 逃学
Was
your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗?
习惯用语：
be cut
out for 有做某事的天赋; 适合于; 与...相配合
short cut 捷径,
近路(一般和make, take 连用; 有时用
作定语)
draw cuts 抽签
cut about 乱切, 乱砍 乱跑
cut at 向...砍去 猛打 毁掉
cut away 切除, 剪掉 匆匆跑掉
cut back(on) 减少; 剪短;
倒叙; 缩减; 中断;
cut down 削减, 压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比...强;
使...逊色
cut in 插进来说, 插嘴 夹进来, 夹塞 干预 超车
cut
into 插进来, 参加(谈话), 打断(别人的话); 减少,
缩减; 切开; 侵犯(利益)
cut off切断, 停掉 隔绝, 挡住 死掉 使电话中断 切
[剪]下来
剥夺(继承权)
cut out 删掉 停止 (机器)失灵
7.a
number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，
大量的...
...”，the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，
意为“... ... 的数量”
eg:1)A number of problems have
arisen.已经出现了很多
问题。
2)The number of colleges
has increased in the past 10
years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。
-----其他表示“许多，大量”的短语：
a great good many
a large great goodsmall number of +可数名词
a good few quite a few
many a
much
a great good deal of
a
great large amount of +不可数名词
quite a
little
a lot of lots of
a great large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词
large quanitities of
plenty of
one's hands on 找到
eg: Few of the students
have put their hands on
the materials for
their compositions.
没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。
9. treat vt.
1)对待；看待，把...看作：
treat
虐待某人
treat distinguished guest把某人待为上宾
treat sb. with consideration对待某人很体贴
Do
not treat this serious matter as a joke.
2)讨论；探讨；详述；（文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描
述；表现：
He
treats this subject thoroughly in his book.
3)医治，治疗：
treat sb. for influenza 给某人医治流行感冒
treat sb‟s toothache 治疗某人的牙痛
4)款待，请客
(to):
treat sb. to an ice-cream( a theatre)
I„ ll treat myself to a sunbath.
Let‟s go
out for dinner-----my treat this time.
4
10. apply
Vt. 涂,敷;应用;适用
Application—applicant---applicance--applicable
1)涂,敷
她在脸上浓妆艳抹
She applied heavy
makeup to her face.
2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。
We
should apply theory to practice.
This rule can
not be applied to every case.
vi. 申请apply to
sb for sth
apply for a job申请就业
Apply for a
scholarship申请奖学金
apply to do sth 申请做某事
They applied to return to China.
3)适用
School regulations apply to every student.
This rule can not apply to every case.
apply oneselfsth to sth使致力(于),使专心从事
He
applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学习法
语。
专心于， 致力于:
Bury oneself in Absorb oneself
in Involve oneself in
lose oneself in
devote oneself to
is no doubt that John's
quick thinking and
the first aid skills he
learned at school saved Ms
Slade's life.
【拓展】
1）There's no doubt
that...是固定句式，意为：“毫无
疑问……”。
2）There's no
doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about或of。
如：
There's no
doubt aboutof his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚
实的。
3）肯定
句中可用whether，if，that引起宾语从句，否
定句中只能用that。如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help.
他拿不
准他们是否能帮上忙。
There is some doubt whether
John will come. 约翰是否
会来很难说。
There is no
doubt that the plan will succeed.
毫无疑问，
这计划一定会实现。
There is no need…是没必要的
There is no point in ……是没有意义的
There is no
denying that…不可否认的
There is no saying…很难说，
没法知道
12 make a difference有关系,有影响,起(重要作用)
make a( no, some, no, any, little, much)
difference (to
sbsth)
1.=have an (no,
some……)effect (on sbsth)
对某人某事物有、没有、有些……作用或影响
1)The rain didn‟t make much difference (to the
game).
这场雨对比赛没多大影响
2)The sea air has made
a difference to her health. ……改
善了她的健康状况
2.=be important (unimportant) (to sbsth)
对某人(某事物)重要,不重要等;要紧,不要紧等
1)对我来说,你来不来都无所谓
It
makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
2)你的选择事关重大。
Your choice makes a
difference.
Useful expressions：
1
在救生员颁奖大会 at the Lifesaver Awards
2 在颁奖大会at a
ceremony
3 对某人实施急救give first aid on sb
4
紧急抢救lifesaving first aid
5 骇人听闻的持刀杀人a
shocking knife attack
6 找到put one‟s hands on
=find
7 手上的伤口the injury to the hand arm leg..
8 按住伤口apply pressure to the wound
9
敏捷的思维quick thinking
10 产生差别make a difference
练习
1. When you find someone
hurt, you should perform first
a_____ as soon
as possible.
2. It‟s impolite to do an
i_______to a person‟s reputation.
3. Is money
e________ to happiness.
4. The sprain made my
ankle s______ up.
5. He fell down onto the
ground as he was cleaning the w
indow, and
what‟s more, he sprained his w_____.
6. The
d_____ air will make food go bad.
7. After
the match, the chairman p______ gold medals to
the champions(冠军).
8. He has a strong
s_____ of duty.
9. He was suspected(有---的嫌疑)
of p______ his wife.
10. In my opinion, I
dont think the news is a________.
11. She is
so m_____ that I have never seen her angry
loo
k.
12. Those blackmailers(勒索
者)
intended to s______ more money out of him.
5
II.
protect…against…,
prevent…from…,
get burnt, take off, choke,
carry out, be
proud of, iron, present sb. with
sth.., heal
1. You have three layers of skin
to _______ you
_______diseases, poison and the
sun‟s harmful rays.
2. He ________ his hat and
bowed (鞠躬) to us.
3. If your skin_________ ,
it will be very serious.
4. The skin can
________ your body ________ losing
water.
5. I prefer to _________ my shirts while they
are still
damp.
6. The cut soon _________
over, but it left a scar.
7. She _________ to
death on a fish bone.
8. I __________ their
success.
9. He was _________ an experiment
when I rang him.
10. The town _________ a
library.
IV. Proof Reading. ( 10 pionts)
On one summer night, Henry was sleeping in his
room
1._______
when suddenly he woke up and sensed
that something
2._______
unusual. He looked out of the
window and finding a
3.________
store nearby on the street was in
fire. He immeditately
4._______
shouts at the top of his voice
“Fire! Fire!Help!” He
5. _______
phoned 119 at once and then went
out to put out fire.
6. _______
but it was very big a fire that he
couldn‟t put it out
7. _______
by himeself. Lucky enough, a lot
of neighbours came
out
8. _______
and soon firefighters arrived. The
fire was finally put out
9.
_______
and when the firefighters praised
Henry his quick ation,
10. _______
he smiled, feeling very pleased.
单选
chest _____ when I take a deep breath,
doctor.
A. hurts B. wounds D.
injure
foreign teacher Mr. Halt has a strange
way of
writing. Here‟s a notice for him, but
no clear_____ of
what he has written can be
made at all.
A. explanation B. meaning
C. sense D. idea
9. The
fellow felt rather ____ as he was the only person
that wore sportswear at the party.
A. in
place B. out of place
C. by the way
D. in the way
10. ______ on the snake led to
his own death.
A. The farmer‟s taking pity
B. The farmer taking
C. The farmer took
D. The farmer to take
11. Not until all
the fish die in the river ____ how serious
the
pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers
realized
D. didn‟t the villagers realize
12. With the development of our country, more
and more
students ____ to university.
A.
admit to B. admitted to
C. are admitted
D. are admitted to
13. --- Brad was Jane‟s
brother!
--- _____ he reminded me so much
of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all
C.
No wonder D. Of course
14. The flowers
_____ sweet in the botanic garden attract
the
visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling C. smelt D to be smelt
15. New
York, _____ last year, is a nice old city.
A.
that I visited B. which I visited
C. where
I visited D. in which I visited
6