人教版英语必修4课文—原文

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2020年12月30日 09:00
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2020年12月30日发(作者:阮松)


4-1 Women of Achievement

Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.

Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave
like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the
place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the
trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the
time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group
is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.
We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest
for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.

Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily
activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was
not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. (Only after her
mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project). Her work changed the
way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat
meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group
hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her
study of their body language helped her work out their social system.

For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect
the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for
entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading
a busy life but she says:

when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?
though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ...
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a
doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer
the achievements of women.












4-2 A pioneer for all people

Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he
works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of
millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is
called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high
output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one- third more of the crop in the same fields. Now
more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.

Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding
ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to
increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty
million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These
increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is
now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice
harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice,
farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less
freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music,
playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very
little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He
therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.

Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as
sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke
from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr
Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always
enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.


4-4 Body language
Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International
Airport to meet this year's international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them
first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw
several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went
to greet them.

The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them
and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed
her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was
probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from
Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however,

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Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!

Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I
introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene
Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hands and
then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.
Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will
often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.

As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural
each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the
same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken
through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or
touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries
approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by
shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.

These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that
cultural customs for body language are very general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general,
though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!Body
language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language.
People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible
to
language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.

The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It
does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like
anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone
general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.

From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning
and turning one's back to someone shows anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is
angry and threatening another are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the
head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from
side to side means disagreement or refusal.

How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be
uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think
that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like
respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a
hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.
Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often
be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!

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4-5 Theme parks
Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost
everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or
longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you
like, there is a theme park for you!
The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world.
It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a
pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy
amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also
has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder
tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to
Disneyland!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in
the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has
rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and
outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and
iron objects in the old- fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners
made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even
see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one
of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest
space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!

If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then
England's Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur
and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to
see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King
Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and
learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy
about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I
took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and
went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took
part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels
by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!

I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in
the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D
cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to
parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or
visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for
hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centres throughout
the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea

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world and much mote.
I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online.
Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or
other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone
coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to
the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since
Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to
walk a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!





































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3-1 Festivals around the world

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would
celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held
after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the
cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people
or events.

Festivals of the dead
Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They
also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people
celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls
and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also
had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can
dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children
might play a trick on them.

Festivals to Honour People
Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient
poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India
has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence
from Britain.

Harvest Festivals
Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the
winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls
with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like
the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people
admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.

Spring Festivals
The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of
spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red
paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western
countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals
might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an
important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead
and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with
cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of
our customs and forget our work for a little while.


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