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初中英语知识点总结

一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I
leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don’t want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：

Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志，表示
正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 19等82。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了该……了
It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该……了
It is time for you to go to bed你. 该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.


4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might
have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)

注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you
want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to be used to


used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be
so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. 过( 去常常散步)

be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或习惯于，to 是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.现( 在习惯于散步)


典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生
在过去，因此应用过去时。

4. 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?


2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next mon 。th
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.


3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5. be going to will


用于条件句时， be going to 表将来will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to 和 be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.客( 观安排)
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon主. (观安排)
7. 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表
示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at orrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arvrei there.

4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first second time…. thty.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing这. 是我第一次听他唱歌。


典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I hming
答案 B. This is the first time后面所加应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) ---Have you been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案 D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest
fish I have ever seen. It is was the first time +that-claus的e句型中，从句要用完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可

以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比较 since 和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was bornM 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构 中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延
续动词在完成时中的误使。
1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
Harry has been married for six
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago或.
years.
13. since 的四种用法

2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.


3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如： He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei. 3）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加。此类动词为
可 --> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late环境，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 6）表示据说或相信的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel ,n report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道It
is believed that… 大家相信It
is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议

It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、环境 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到……，才……
He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.

他到 10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o’clock.

他一直睡到 10 点。
典型例题
1. You don’t need to describe her. I her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案 B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times
告知为反复发生的动 expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage
offer ought plan prepare pre 胶 合 板 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need
prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy我. 喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy我. 喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out,
explain, tell
Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of taper-ecorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy 有. 这
么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+ eport request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn


例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him t


Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分批哦, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know,
prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take以( 为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除 B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。
而 C 为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响， 因此不选
C。
哦-=人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be somany people there 我. 们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher我. 们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father
1） It’s easy (for me) to do tha我t. 做这事太容易了
听到你的声音真高兴。
It’s necessary for youot lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It’s very kind of you to help us他. 帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的),
silly, selfish自( 私的)

例句:
It was silly of us to believe him我.们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything他.不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear 等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe百.闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
4. It’s for sb 和. It’s of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult,
interesting, impossible等：德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish,
right。个句子。如果道理上通顺用 of，不通则用 for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用 of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用 for。)
3) 祁使句（Ie）

祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议，等等。祈使句的主语常被省略，

因为这个主语很明确地是听话人

祈使句的谓语用动词原形；它的否定形式是句首用 Don't + 动词原形，或是Not to + 动词原形。例
如：
Be quiet , please !（大家）请安静。Stand up ! 起立！
Don't smoke in the office .请不要在办公室吸烟。Don't be standing in the rain . 别站在雨里。
Not to be careless when you're driving a car 开.
车时不要粗心大意。
4) 感叹句（Exclamato 和 ry Sentence）

What 或 How 引起的。What 用
感叹句表示、惊讶等强烈的情绪。这类句子中，有很多是由
来强调名词，How 则强调形容词、副词或动词。这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说，所感叹的对象放到句首；句子无需倒装，句子要用正常语序。 当然，如果不用这种句型，而句子
（无论）本身又表示了上述的种种情绪，那么该句也就成了感叹句。例如：
What a fine day it is today !今天天气多好啊！ How fine it is today !今天天气多好啊！
What a lovely son you have 你! 有个多可爱的儿子啊！
How lovely your son is !你的儿子多可爱



1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in 表示在……中， 在……内。例如： in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里

2). on 表示在……上。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under 表示在……下。例如：
under the tree 在树下under the chair 在椅子下under the bed 在床下

4). behind 表示在……后面。例如：
behind the door 在门后behind the t ree 在树后

5). near 表示在……附近。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近near the bed 在床附近

6). at 表示在……处。例如：
at school 在学校at home 在家
at the door 在门口

7). of 表示的。例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画a map of China 一张中国地图

和 any

①在肯定句中用some.例如： There
are some books on the desk桌.

子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。

②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the glass杯. 子里没有水。

⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

①some 亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问.句例中如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？

②any 也可用于肯定句中，表示任何的。例如：
Any one of us can do this我. 们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和 any 的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。

5. little 的用法
a lit t le dog 一只小狗，a lit t le boy 一个小男孩。lit t le 常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little 还可表示否定意义，意为少的，加不可数名词。There is lit t le t ime. 几乎没时间了。
There is lit t le water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

三. 语法

1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为的。一般有以下几种形式：

（ 1）. 一般情况下在词尾加。例如：
Kate's father Kat e的爸爸
my mother's f riend 我妈妈的朋友

（ 2）. 如果复数名词以s 结尾，只加。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏

（ 3）. 如果复数名词不以s 结尾，仍加。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节

（ 4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和 Lily 的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim 的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加，而常常用介词 of 的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中
国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片the door of the bedroom卧室的门
2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复 数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves