人教版小学英语最全最实用的复习资料
关于水的资料-高中生自我鉴定
人教版小学英语最全最实用的复习资料
目录
一、小学英语词汇汇总 ...................................
..................................................
...............................
1、3A ........
..................................................
..................................................
.............................
2、3B ..........
..................................................
..................................................
...........................
3、4A ............
..................................................
..................................................
.........................
4、4B ..............
..................................................
..................................................
.......................
5、5A ................
..................................................
..................................................
.....................
6、5B ..................
..................................................
..................................................
...................
7、6A ....................
..................................................
..................................................
.................
8、6B ......................
..................................................
..................................................
...............
二、小学英语短语汇总 ..................
..................................................
................................................
1、短语归纳 .......................................
..................................................
...................................
2、动词短语 ..
..................................................
..................................................
......................
3、noun短语: ............
..................................................
..................................................
..........
4、介词短语: ..........................
..................................................
...............................................
5、句子: ........................................
..................................................
.........................................
三、词法类练习汇总 ....................................
..................................................
................................
1、写出完全形式 ...
..................................................
..................................................
.............
2、写出下列单词的复数形式 .................
..................................................
.............................
3、反义词或对应词 .....
..................................................
..................................................
.......
4、近义词 ...............................
..................................................
...............................................
5、同音词 ........................................
..................................................
......................................
6、现在分词
..................................................
..................................................
........................
7、综合 ...............
..................................................
..................................................
.................
8、人称代词 ....................
..................................................
..................................................
....
四、话题与语法汇总 ..............................
..................................................
......................................
1、字母 .
..................................................
..................................................
...............................
2、数字 ........
..................................................
..................................................
........................
3、颜色 ...............
..................................................
..................................................
.................
4、时间 ......................
..................................................
..................................................
..........
5、食品与饮料 ..........................
..................................................
............................................
6、服装 .........................................
..................................................
.........................................
7、玩具和文具 ......................................
..................................................
................................
8、日常生活用品 ...
..................................................
..................................................
.............
9、动物 ..........................
..................................................
..................................................
......
10、植物 .....
..................................................
..................................................
.........................
11、环境与建筑 ..........
..................................................
..................................................
........
12、身体 ..............................
..................................................
..................................................
13、个人情况 ......................................
..................................................
..................................
14、家庭、亲属和朋友 ..................................
..................................................
......................
15、学校 ................
..................................................
..................................................
..............
16、社交礼仪 ......................
..................................................
..................................................
17、国家与城市 .....................................
..................................................
...............................
18、天气 .......
..................................................
..................................................
.......................
19、节日 ...............
..................................................
..................................................
...............
20、方位 .......................
..................................................
..................................................
.......
21、正在发生的事情 ..........................
..................................................
..................................
22、日常生活 ..
..................................................
..................................................
....................
23、计划与打算 ...............
..................................................
..................................................
...
24、能力和可能 ................................
..................................................
....................................
五、附录:怎样才能学好英语?
...........................
..................................................
..........................
一、小学英语词汇汇总
1、3A
s (动物)
dog 狗 cat 猫 monkey 猴子
bird鸟
tiger 老虎
panda 熊猫 zebra 斑马
elephant象
(水果)
apple 苹果 orange
橘子 banana 香蕉
watermelon 西瓜
pear梨 peach
桃子
mango 芒果 pineapple 菠萝
ng items
(衣物类)
coat 外套;大衣 jacket 茄克衫;短上衣
sweater
毛衣;(厚)运动服
blouse(女式)衬衫 dress连衣裙;晚礼服
skirt短裙
shirt衬衫
T-
shirt T恤衫
and drinks (食物和饮料)
cake 蛋糕 hamburger 汉堡 egg
蛋;鸡蛋 ice-cream
冰淇淋
coffee咖啡
tea茶;茶叶 milk牛奶 juice果汁
s (颜色)
red
红色;红色的
blue
蓝色
green 绿色 white 白色
black 黑色 yellow 黄色
orange桔黄色 brown棕色;褐色
for school (学校用品)
book 书 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔
ball pen 圆珠笔
ruler尺
rubber橡皮
pencil box
文具盒
pencil
sharpener卷笔刀
es(交通工具)
car 小汽车 bike 自行车
bus 公共汽车 plane 飞机
第1页
(场所)
zoo 动物园
park 公园 cinema 电影院
supermarket 超市the Great Wall
长城
(人物)
man 人;男人 woman 妇女
boy 男孩 girl 女孩
in a room(房内物品)
bed 床 table 桌子
desk
书桌
chair 椅子 fridge 冰箱 bookcase 书橱
tap水龙头
light 电灯 TV 电视机 sofa 沙发
telephone 电话
door 门 window 窗子 Walkman
随身听
box盒子 basket篮子
2、3B
1、 Family members(家庭成员)
father父亲
mother 母亲 grandfather祖父 grandmother
祖母
aunt姨妈;舅母 uncle伯父;舅父 brotherson兄;弟儿子
sisterdaughter姐;妹女儿
2、 Clothing items
(衣物)
cap 便帽 hat 帽子 tie 领带
shoe鞋
vest
背心
sock袜子
belt 皮带
trousers(复数)长裤
3、 Things for school (学校用品)
storybook 故事书
copybook 抄写本 knife 小刀 tape修正带;胶带
crayon蜡笔
school bag书包
stapler订书机
4、 Things in
a room (室内物品)
clock 闹钟 computer 电脑 radio 收音机
key 钥匙
camera 照相机
watch 手表 toy train
玩具火车
第2页
5、 Musical
instrument(乐器)
piano 钢琴
violin 小提琴
guitar 吉他 accordion 手风琴
6、 Sports (体育运动)
football 足球
swimming 游泳
fishing 钓鱼
basketball 篮球
skating 滑冰
jogging 慢跑
volleyball 排球 baseball
棒球
climbing 爬山
running 跑
skiing 滑雪
rowing 划船
7、
Food and drinks(饮食)
hot dog 热狗 sandwich 三明治
pie 馅饼 bread 面包 rice 米饭
drinks清凉饮料
chocolate 巧克力 milk 牛奶
8、 Rooms (房间)
sitting-room 起居室
bathroom舆洗室
dining-room 餐厅
study书房
bedroom 卧室
kitchen厨房
3、4A
a pen一支钢笔
a tiger一支老虎
a dog一条狗 a
key一把钥匙
a
purse一个钱包
a ball pen一支圆珠笔
a fan一把扇子
a tape一个修正带
a pencil一支铅笔
a storybook一本故事书 a book一本书acat一只猫
a car
一辆小汽车 a bike 一辆自行车
a ruler一把尺
a
tiger一只老虎
a shop一家商店
a kite 一个风筝
a bus一辆公共汽车
a pencil case一个铅笔袋
a
desk一张课桌
a sweater 一件毛衣
long 长的
five 五
eat 吃
a rubber一块橡皮
a panda一只熊猫
a pair of shoes 一双鞋子
big
大的 small 小的 a jacket 一件茄克衫
one 一 two 二
seven七
write 写
cold 冷的
short 短的
six 六
drink 喝
three 三 four 四
eight八 nine 九 ten 十
read 读 close 关、闭 open 打开
tired 疲劳的、累
hungry
饥饿的 thirsty渴的
的
ill 有病的
第3页
4、4B
a student 一个学生
a boy 一个男孩
new 新的
a teacher 一个老师
a girl 一个女孩
a doctor
一个医生
a man 一个男人
a nurse 一个护士
a woman
一个女人
grandfather (外)祖父 grandmother (外)祖母
father 父亲
an eye 一只眼睛 a mouth一张嘴 mother 母亲
brother 兄弟
white白色的 a skirt一条短裙
a
policewoman一个女警察
a driver一个司机
sister 姐妹
a friend一个朋友 a policeman一个警察
a
waitress一个女服务员 a waiter一个男服务员
a
worker一个工人
an engineer一位工程师
a farmer 一个农民a
postman一个邮递员 a
cook一个厨师
an apple一只苹果
a
banana一只香蕉
oranges桔子 an orange一只桔子
apples苹果
bananas香蕉
peaches桃子 a
peach一只桃子
watermelons西瓜
grapes葡萄
pears梨 a grape一粒葡萄 a watermelon一个西瓜
a
hospital一家医院
byplane坐飞机
a pear一只梨 some一些
astation一个车站
a supermarket一家超级市场 by train坐火车
by taxi坐出租汽车 on foot步行
noodle面条
coffee咖啡
sweet糖果
juice汁液
please请 chip油炸土豆条
tea茶
a chair一张椅子
chocolate巧克力
a pie 一个馅饼
a
blackboard一块黑板
a bookcase一个书架(橱)
a
playground一片操场
a computer一台计算机
an
office一个办公室
a picture一张图画
a classroom一个教室
our我们的 a knife一把刀
第4页
a plate一个盘子
a table一张桌子
rice米;米饭
a glass一个玻璃杯
a fridge一只冰箱
a cup一个杯子 a bottle一个瓶子
bread面包 an egg一个蛋(不可数名词)
5、5A
day(一)天;白天
sure有把握的
a house 一间房子
all所有的;全部 a reading room一间阅览室
a
garden一个花园 floor(楼房的)层;地面;地板
a flower一朵花
live居住;生活 a study一个书房
a wall一面墙
under在……下面
a bedroom一间卧室 large大的 beside在……旁边;靠近
a
bed一张床 between在……中间;在(两者)之间
behind在……后面 a
door一扇门 a lesson 一课 a song一首歌
play演奏
learn学,学会 sing唱,唱歌 dance跳舞
listen听
can能
swim游泳 make 做,制造 ride骑(马、自行车)
put放,摆
a family一个家庭
a
chicken一只鸡
need需要
things东西、物品
a vase一个花瓶
a
pig一只猪
a horse一只马
evenings晚上
a duck一只鸭子
work工作,劳动 a
candle 一支蜡烛
morning早晨,上午
ring(铃、钟等)响
sweep扫,扫除
jump 跳跃 say说
Maths数学sleep睡
觉
run 跑,奔跑 walk步行,散步
laugh笑,大笑
chess棋
a newspaper一张报纸
perhaps可能
a
towel一条毛巾
a pot一只锅
class课,(学校里的)班
a hill一座小山
a tent一个帐篷
thin瘦的
children孩子们,儿童 fat胖的
show出示,给……看 a
square
一个正方形 fly飞、放(风筝、飞机模型等)
a
star一个星形、星形物
teach教、教书
ashape一个形状
wash clothes洗衣服
us我们(宾格)
paper纸
over结束
art艺术、美术
the moon月亮
a
circle一个圆圈
a heart一个心、心形物
help…with帮助…
the sun太阳
第5页
6、5B
Monday
星期一
Friday星期五
Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday星期三
Thursday星期四
a week一星期(周) Chinese 汉语、中文、中国人
Science 科学、自然科学 Computer Studies
计算机课程
English英语、英国的、英国人的
interesting有趣的
a
cold 伤风
a subject一门学科(科目)
a
headache头疼
lunch 午餐
a cough 咳嗽 a
fever 发烧
speak说
,讲(同义词:say)
get变得、购买feel感觉、觉得
a ship 一艘船
collect收集
bad坏的、严重的(反义词:good)
now
现在 a stamp 一张邮票
a coin 一个硬币
an
animal 一只动物
beautiful美丽的、漂亮的
collect
coins 收集硬币
make clothes做衣服
a town 一个城镇
fast 快的,快地
a classmate一位同班同学
hobbies(复数)业余爱好
go shopping 去购物
an
e-mail 一封电子邮件
collectstamps 收集邮票
take
photos 拍照
write an e-mail写一封电子邮件
well 好
busy 忙(碌)的 age 年龄
high 高的,高地
usually 通常
run fast
跑得快 jump high跳得高
time时间,次
left左 right右stop
anarm一只手臂
停止touch触摸,接触
a foot一只脚
a hand一只手 a leg一条腿
a
face一张脸 a game一个游戏,一次比赛
night夜,夜间 on duty值日
half半,一半
past过 a quarter一刻钟,四分之一
第6页
quick快的(地)
spend度过
ready准备好的
really真正地,确实
talk谈话,讲话
weekend周末
very很,非常 learn…from…向…学习
sport体育运用
often经常,常常
a bee一只蜜蜂
of course当然
catch抓住,捉住
an ant一只蚂蚁 abutterfly一只蝴蝶
UK英国,联合王国
USA美国
visit参观,访问
American美国人
a visitor一位参观者,一位来访者
British英国人
Japan日本
the Great Wall长城
Japanese日本人,日语 France法国 French法国人,法语
7、6A
stop停止 mean意思是,意指
should应当,应该 must必须,应当
shouldn’t=shouldnot不应当
litter乱丢杂物
danger危险 March三月
park停放(汽车)
May
五月 April四月
June六月
ago 以前 July七月
when什么时候,何时 ago 以前 as作为,当做
moment瞬间,片刻 a
date一个日期
a present 一份礼物
a race一次竞赛
a birthday一个生日
exciting令人激动的,令人兴奋的
a cow
一头母牛
a gate一扇大门
taste品尝
excited激动的,兴奋的
milk挤;牛奶 plant种植
pull
up把…向上拔
answer回答;答复
a festival一个节日
ask问;请求 people人;人们
take photos拍照
last最近刚过去的;最后的 in front of 在…前面
look for寻找
just now刚才 (a moment ago) pull up把…向上拔
National Day国庆节 have a good time过得愉快 Children’s
Day儿童节
SpringFestival春节 New Year’s Day元旦
8、6B
than 比 young年轻的
tall高的
old年老的
heavy 重的 light 轻的
strong 强壮的 low低 fish鱼,钓鱼 slow慢
第7页
late晚 stop停车站 along沿着 street街、街道
summer夏季
plan
计划,打算
Post
office邮局
hot热的
weather天气
spring春季
autumn秋季 cold冷的 winter冬季
picnic野餐 play(戏剧的)演出
be good at善长于
get
on 上车
turn left向左转
get off下车 turn
right向右转 post office邮局
take part in参加…参与…
write a letter写(一封)信
penfriend 笔友 also也 glue胶水
二、小学英语短语汇总
第8页
a
new student 一个新学生
a new teacher一个新老师
I’m new here. 我是新来的.
Welcome to our
school. 欢迎到我们学校.
excuse me 打扰一下
the boy
in the tree 树上的那个男孩
let me see 让我看看
come
down 下来
climb trees 爬树
in the zoo
在动物园里
come here 过来
the man over there
那边的那个男人
good evening 晚上好
at a
party在聚会上
my brother 我的弟弟哥哥
the boy
with big eyes大眼睛的那个男孩
nice to meet you
见到你很高兴
the one in the white skirt
那个穿着白色短裙的
which one 哪一个
the man with a
big mouth那个大嘴巴的男人
the one in red那个穿红衣服的
the girl with a small nose 那个小鼻子的女孩
the woman with long hair那个长头发的妇女
be late
for school上学迟到
the boy with big ears
大耳朵的那个孩
the one in the green shirt
那个穿着绿色衬衫的
in the car 在小汽车里
my good
friend我的好朋友
her small eye她的小眼睛
a big
nose一个大鼻子
第9页
You’re right.
你是对的
an old woman 一个老太
buy fruit 买水果
some grapes 一些葡萄
how many kilos 多少斤
three kilos三公斤
I’d like --- 我想要------
Here you are. 给你.
these apples这些苹果
those oranges那些桔子
these or
those这些还是那些
Can I help you?我能为你效劳吗? (营业语)
by taxi坐出租车
on foot 步行
go by taxi
坐出租车去
go to the atre去剧院
go there 去那儿
go to the Great Wall去城
go to the
supermarket去超市
this train for Shanghai去上海车
the plane for Beijing 去北京的班
good idea
好主意
play football 踢球
in the school 在校
be free 有空 .
go to school by bike
骑自行车去学校
at a snack bar在一家小吃店里
how
about---? ------怎么样?
some noodles 一些面条
Something to drink一些喝的东西
第10页
something to eat一些吃的东西
orangeapple
juice 桔汁苹果汁
Anything else? 还要别的东西吗?
a
cup of coffee tea 一杯咖啡茶
a glass of milk
juice一杯牛奶汁
some chocolate 一些巧克力
some
sweets一些糖果
some water 一些水
play basketball
打篮球
some cakes 一些蛋糕
get up 起床
have
some juice 喝点果汁
What would you like? 你要什么?
open day 接待日
our classroom我们的教室
watch
TV看电视
big and bright又大又明亮
in your
classroom 在你的教室里
in class在课上
near the
window靠近窗
some songbooks一些歌本
on the
piano在钢琴上
lots of books许多书
in the
library在图书馆里
in the playground 在操场上
On
the chair在椅子上
on the table在桌上
open the
blue box 打开蓝色的盒子
in the cupboard 在碗柜里
on the table在桌上
in the fridge在冰箱里
第11页
on the sofa 在沙发上
use chopsticks
用筷子
I’d like to try. 我想试试.
a pair
of chopsticks 一双筷子
Let me try again.
让我再试试.
in my classroom 在我的教室里
Good
idea!好主意!
the first day of the new term
新学期的第一天
all the students 所有的学生
at school
在学校
see each other 互相见面
a new building
一座新大楼
a lot of 许多
I’m not sure. 我不确定。
go and see 去看看
have a look 看一看
how many 多少
near your house 在你的房子附近
on
the plate 在盘子里
her parents 她的父母
near
her school 在她的学校附近
very much 很,非常
some
dolls 一些洋娃娃
on the wall 在墙上
a map of the
world 一幅世界地图
a map of China 一幅中国地图
behind
the door 在门后
in the basketball 在篮子里
under the bed 在床下
on my chair 在我的椅子上
in the cat’s mouth在猫的嘴里
第12页
look happy 看起来快乐
at a Music lesson
在一节音乐课上
two o’clock in the afternoon 下午两点钟
in the music room 在音乐室里
have a music
lesson 上一节音乐课
sing a song 唱首歌,唱歌
follow
me跟着我
sing together一起唱
make a
puppet做木偶
make a model plane做飞机模型,做模型飞机
play the violin拉小提琴
play the guitar弹吉他
play the piano弹钢琴
put a book on your
head 在你头上放一本书
have an ice cream 吃冰淇淋
after class 下课后
play basketball 打篮球
a
Halloween party 一个万圣节聚会
What do they need?
他们需要什么?
like masks 喜欢面具
a pumpkin lantern
一个南瓜灯
What else do you need? 你还需要些什么?
Here’s your change. 这儿是你的零钱。
some sweets
一些糖果
on Saturdays and Sundays 在周六和周日
like swimming 喜欢游泳
play table tennis
with friends 和朋友打乒乓
watch TV 看电视
listen to
music 听音乐
read the book 读书
open the
door开门
第13页
write the new
words写新单词
read the book读书
draw a
picture画一幅画
drink the water喝水
this red
vase这个红色的花瓶
in the picture在图片里
eat the
noodles吃面条
put the flowers in the
vase把花放在花瓶里
play computer games打电脑游戏
do
housework 做家务
Sunday morning 星期天上午
at
home 在家
Are you free now? 你现在有空吗?
sweep the floor 扫地、擦地板
clean the windows
擦窗户
do homework 做家庭作业
help me with my
Maths 帮助我学习数学
this afternoon 今天下午
wash
clothes 洗衣服
make a cake 做蛋糕
see you
this afternoon 今天下午见
come and help me 过来帮我
sit on the chair 坐在椅子上
how about 怎么样
after school 放学后
three o’clock in the
afternoon 下午三点钟
look for 寻找 help you 帮助你
in the playground 在操场上
play basketball
打篮球
go and join them 去加入他们
第14页
go to the playground去操场
study in
the library 在图书馆学习
clean the library 打扫图书馆
read a newspaper 看报纸
read a magazine
看杂志
play chess 下棋
play cards 打扑克
play with a yo-yo 玩溜溜球
sit on a football
坐在足球上
eat the food 吃食物
play computer
games 玩电脑游戏
clean the study 打扫书房
on the
kite 在风筝上
all busy 都忙
a camping trip
一次日野营旅行
their teachers他们的学生
near the hill
在小山附近
a camping site 一个野营营地
a big tent
一个大帐篷
a tin of chicken 一罐头鸡肉
a tin of fish
一罐头鱼肉
over there 在那边
two new blankets
两条新毛毯
a box of chocolate 一盒巧克力
some fruit
一些水果
in the fridge 在冰箱里
an Art lesson
一节美术课
look at the blackboard 看着黑板
第15页
fly a kite 放风筝
draw a circle
画一个圆
show us how to draw it 给我们看看怎么画它
on
the paper 在纸上
make a card 做一张卡片
many
circles 许多圆形
一节体育课a PE lesson
在操场in
the playground
上一节体育课have a PE lesson
按照指令follow the orders
发出指令give
the orders
站成一排stand in a line
做锻炼do some exercise
上下up and down
上下跳jump up and down
仔细地听listen
carefully
十次ten times
向左转turn
left
向右转turn right
做这个十次do this ten
times
把…放在…上put …on
把…放在…里面put…in
仰躺lie on one’s back
第16页
抬起lift up
用……触摸touch…with
右手right hand
每天every day
忙碌的一天a busy day
在晚上at night
值日on duty
快点be
quick
一场足球赛a football game
看电视watch TV
吃晚饭have supper
打扫图书馆clean the library
做作业do one’s
homework
加入我们join us
开始上课classes
begin
洗衣服wash clothes
在周末at the
weekends
过周末spend one’s weekends
谈论talk about
在星期五下午on Friday afternoon
放学后after school
上网surf the
Internet
第17页
向我学英语learn
English from me
听音乐listen to music
在家at home
荡秋千play on the swings
做家务do housework
当然of course sure
看卡通watch cartoons
抓昆虫catch insects
抓蝴蝶catch butterflies
我们的好朋友our
good friends
一所小学a Primary School
在树上in the treeon the tree
在瓶子里in
bottles
英语俱乐部the English Club
不同的国家different countries
居住在纽约live in
New York
说英语speak English
教英语teach English
一个大城市a big city
读书read books
参观中国visit China
日本参观者Japanese visitors
第18页
一个英国朋友an English friend
发邮件write an
e-mail
写信write a letter
打乒乓play
table tennis
居住live in
一个小镇a
small town
相同的年龄the same age
在学校at school
从周一到周五from Monday to
Friday
大声地说speak loudly
跑得快run
fast
跳得高jump high
走路小心walk
carefully
安静地坐sit quietly
跳舞跳得美dance beautifully
拍照take photos
购物go shopping
收集邮票collect stamps
收集中国邮票collect Chinese stamps
种花grow flowers
做衣服make clothes
洗衣服wash clothes
第19页
一些爱好some hobbies
许多漂亮的邮票many
beautiful stamps
出示…给…看show…to…
动物邮票animal stamps
在花园里in the garden
做饭cook food
浇花water the flowers
相同的爱好the same hobby
一次电话通话a
telephone call
午饭以后after lunch
呆在床上stay in bed
严重的咳嗽a bad cough
吃药take some medicine
去看医生go to see a
doctor
张开你的嘴open your mouth
好好休息have a good rest
打错电话wrong number
第20页
新学期a new term
星期一上午Monday morning
在星期一上午on Monday
morning
她的学生her students
第一节课the first
lesson
欢迎回到学校welcome back to school
什么科目what subjects
八门课eight
subjects
八节课eight lessons
在一周内in a
week
立刻,马上at once
他的家人his
family
感觉病了feel ill
来自日本from Japan
No smoking 禁止吸烟
No littering禁止扔杂物
No
parking禁止停车
No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝
keep off the grass不接近草坪
Be
quiet保持安静
Do not touch不要摸
climb
trees爬树
go to the park去公园
go
home回家
have an ice cream吃一个冰激凌
have
dinner吃饭
watch TV看电视
play computer games
玩电脑游戏
go to bed睡觉
a lot of a
lot大量的;许多
第21页
public signs公共标志
on the wall在墙上
stay away from…远离……
walk on the grass在草地上走
he bird’s cage鸟笼
make noise发出噪音
take a walk散步
a
ten-yuan note 一张十元的钞票
look around四周看
pick up捡起
a new student in Ben’s class
本班上的一位新学生
go home together一起回家
after
school放学以后
talk about谈论有关……
the third
of March三月三日
your birthday你的生日
blow
out吹灭
as a birthday present作为生日礼物
birthday cake生日蛋糕
come to my birthday
party 来参加我的生日聚会
have a birthday
party举办生日聚会
a VCD of Japanese cartoons
一张日本卡通光盘
open the door 开门
make a
birthday card 做一张生日贺卡 take off脱下
Sports Day运动日
all the students所有的学生
very exciting非常令人兴奋
look for寻找
第22页
a running race一场赛跑
let me see让我看看
a moment ago just now刚才
on the ground在地上
pick them up
for me 帮我把它们捡起来
in front of 在……前面
a
pair of glasses一副眼镜(单数)
a roll of
film一卷胶卷(单数)
three diaries三本日记
a
pair of earphones一副耳机(单数)
listen to music 听音乐
yesterday evening 昨天晚上
under the
table在桌子下面
close your eyes 闭上你的眼睛
play a game 玩游戏
National Day(国庆日)
the National Day holiday(国庆假期)
last
week last year上个星期去年
after the holiday(假期后)
go to school early(很早上学)
early – late in
the school playground(在学校操场上)
第23页
before class(上课前)
before – after a funny
cartoon (一部有趣的卡通片)
visit a farm with my
family (和我的家人一起参观农场)
on the farm(在农场里)
water trees(浇树)
pull up carrots(拔胡萝卜)
milk cows(挤牛奶)
collect eggs(收集鸡蛋)
fruit trees(果树)
pick a lot of
oranges摘许多橘子
taste them(品尝它们)
go to the
farm(去农场)
at the weekends(在周末)
watch
cartoons(看动画片)
visit the zoo(参观动物园)
play
volleyball打排球
clean the house(打扫房子)
visit Liu Tao’s grandparents拜访刘涛的祖父母 camping
trip(野营旅行)
at a camp(在一个营地上)
cook a
lot of food(做许多食物)
play a lot of games(玩许多游戏)
第24页
go camping(去野营)
have a
good time(玩得很高兴)
come after 在……之后到来
New Year's Day 元旦
on New Year's Day 在元旦
at Christmas 在圣诞节
go to parties 去参加聚会
have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐
at Spring
Festival 在春节
What do people usually do at
Spring Festival? 人们通常在春节干什么?
visit their
relatives and friends 拜访他们的亲戚和朋友
eat lots
of delicious food吃许多美味的食物
last Spring Festival
上个春节
of course 当然
my favourite
holiday 我最喜爱的节日
in October 在十月
dress up in
costumes 用戏服装扮
last Halloween 去年万圣节
eat moon cakes 吃月饼
play with lanterns 玩灯笼
watch the moon赏月
第25页
on
different holidays 在不同的节日
last year 去年
at
Easter 在复活节
listen to him 听他讲
in the
grass 在草丛中
a popular holiday 一个流行的节日
in China 在中国
in January or February 在一月或二月
eat rice dumplings 吃粽子
like to
play with lanterns喜欢玩灯笼
eat chocolate eggs
吃巧克力蛋
make pumpkin lanterns制作南瓜灯笼
give presents to your friends 把礼物给你的朋友
go
to Beijing 去北京
this afternoon 今天下午
play with balloons 玩气球
sing and dance唱歌跳舞
meet Helen in the playground 在操场上遇见海伦
visit a farm with my parents 和我的父母亲一起参观农场
play with friends 和朋友玩
watch the
dragon boat races 观看龙舟比赛
on Christmas Day 在圣诞日
Jim's family 吉姆一家人
第26页
in his
grandparent's house在他爷爷奶奶的房子里
Christmas
trees 圣诞树
the presents under the Christmas
tree 在圣诞树下的礼物
so many 这么多
from grandmother
来自祖母
open it for me 为我打开它
like
drinking tea 喜欢喝茶
Christmas presents 圣诞礼物
at Jim's house 在吉姆家
draw and write in
the diary 在日记上画和写
go to the supermarket 去超市
sit at the back of the bus 坐在公共汽车的后面
get
off 下车
the seat in front of me 在我前面的座位
the woman beside him 在他旁边的妇女
walk to the
driver 走向驾驶员
after lunch 午餐后
You
are welcome. 不用谢
write his diary 写他的日记
under the seat 在座位下面
open the
presents 打开礼物
6B词组归纳
去散步go for a walk
很高兴见到… be glad to
see
聊天have a chat
双胞胎姐妹twin
sisters
看起来很像look the same
第27页
大10年ten years older than
小20分钟twenty minutes younger than
唯一的孩子the only child
再试试try again
擅长于英语be good at English
擅长于唱歌be good
at singing…
做得好 do well in
体育需要帮助need help
with PE
怎么拉?What’s wrong? What’s the
matter?
一位好篮球运动员a good basketball player
那是事实。That’s true.
男孩中的一些some of
the boys
在我班里in my class
别担心。Don’t worry.
做更多锻炼do more exercise
变得更强壮get stronger
起得早get up early
慢跑去学校jog to school
玩球类运动play
ball games
开始上课start our lesson
读新单词read the new words
我们所有人all of us
第28页
上学迟到be late for school
来自于be from come from
去历史博物馆的路the
way to the History Museum
认识路know the way
怎样到达那儿how to get there
告诉我tell
me
沿着街走walk along the street
在第四个十字路口左拐turn left at the fourth crossing
在你右边on you right
多远how far
错过它miss it
五公里远five kilometres away
一段长的距离a long walk
每五分钟every five
minutes
每六天every six days
去邮局go to
the post office
在中山路on Zhongshan Road
在街上in the street
乘5路车take bus
No.5
在电影院前in front of the cinema
在第二个车站下车get off at the second stop
到达购物中心get to the shopping centre
第29页
一本关于动物的书a book about animals
跑出商店run out of the shop
过来帮助come to
help
沿着街跑run along the street
开始跑start to run
拿回钱包get my purse back
跳高high jump
跳远long jump
下个星期next week
(要)一年for one year
知道天气know the weather
纽约的天气the weather
in New York
在夏天in summer
最好的季节the best season
在乡下in the
countryside
听起来不错。Sounds great.
大多数时间most of the time
哪个季节which season
最喜欢春天like spring best
堆雪人make
snowmen make a snowman
冬天需要温暖的衣服need warm
clothes for winter
树木变绿the tree turn
green
第30页
有课,上课have school
他们的周末计划their plans for the weekend
看京剧see a Beijing opera
加入我们join us
花园剧院the Garden Theatre
顺便问问by
the way
明天下午tomorrow afternoon
在音乐会上at the concert
和Jim一起来come with
Jim
去远足go on an outing
野餐have a
picnic
看演出see a play
参加歌唱比赛take
part in a singing contest
运动会sports
meeting
一位小学生a primary school student
在金陵小学at Jinling Primary School
第二中学No. 2 Middle School
上一节室外活动课have a
class outing
为班级课题for class project
什么动物what animal
回家来come home
昨天下午yesterday afternoon
第31页
读有关昆虫的… read about insects
在报纸上in the
news paper
想要一位笔友want a penfriendwould
like a penfriend
一些书写纸some writing paper
干什么?What for?
写一封信write a letter
写信给我的奶奶write to my grandma
成为好朋友be good friends
有共同的爱好have the
same hobby
我希望如此。I hope so.
告诉…关于… tell…about…
最喜欢的科目favourite
subject
电子邮件地址e-mail address
一瓶胶水a bottle of glue
一些其他科目some other
subjects
小学毕业finish primary school
上中学go to middle school
关于你的每件事everything about you
我们五个five
of us
来自澳大利亚be from Australia come from
Australia
睡觉比…晚go to bed later than
比我们所有人好better than all of us
和…一样高as
tall as
和…一样跑得快run as fast as
比…飞得低fly lower than
第32页
1、短语归纳
a : a little(一点) a
lot(很,非常) a lot of(许多) lots of(许多,很多) ,
a
bottle of(一盒……) a piece
of(一张片……) , a cup of
(一杯……),
a glass of(一玻璃杯……), all
right(好,行,不错),
most of(大部分……), plenty
of(很多,大量的)
be: be good for(对于……来说是好的), be
bad for(对于……来说是不好的),
be going to(将要做……), be
good at(在……方面出色), be late for(……迟到),
between…and …(在……两者之间) , both…and…
(两着都……).
come: come from(来自……), Come
in(进来). Come on 过来呀!快来呀) ! Come with me(跟我来)!
different from(与……不同), of course(当然)
Do: do one’s homework(做家庭作业), do
housework(做家务), do some reading(读书),
on
duty9(值日), do morning exercises(做早操).
get:
get down(下来), get up(起床), get on with(在……方面进展),
get home(到家) , get to school(到校)
go:
go boating(去划船), go swimming(去游泳), go
running(去跑步), go walking(去散步), go
shopping(去购物), go skating(去滑冰), go
skiing(去滑雪), go fishing(去钓鱼),
go
sightseeing(去游览,去观光), go climbing(去爬山) , go
home(回家),
go to school(去上学), go to work(去上班),
go straightdownonalong(一直走),
go
along(沿着……一直走)
have: have breakfast(吃早餐),
have lunch(吃午饭), have supper(吃晚饭), have
dinner(吃正餐), have a
class(上课), have a
look(看一看), have got(有), have a good
appetite(有好胃口,食欲强), have a
picnic(野餐)
how: how many(多少), how much{多少(用于不可数名词)},
how old(几岁), how often(多久一次)
look: look
at(看……) , look like(看起来象), very much(很,非常), in
English(用英语)
put: put into(把……放到……), put
on(穿上……), put …away…(把……放好收起来),
第33页
take: take (good) care
of(好好爱护,关心,照顾,保管), take photos(照相), take a
bath(洗澡),
Takeexercise(进行锻炼,进行练习).
2、动词短语
fly a kite(放风筝), ride a
bike(骑自行车), play a game(做游戏), throw …away(把……扔掉),
turn on(开……) , stand up(站起来), sing a song(唱歌),
ask a question(问问题),
run away(流走,跑走), look
forward to(盼望), try to(尝试做…….), be angry
with(对……生气), divided
by(除以……), come to(合计) ,
collect coins(收集硬币),
climb up to the
mountainhill…(爬到山上) by the way(顺便问问),
时间短语:in the morning(在早上), in the
afternoon(在下午), in the evening(在晚上),
Good
morning afternooneveningnight(早上下午晚上好晚安). for
hours(持续……小时),
for an hour(持续一个小时), At this
time of day(每天的这个时候),five minutes past
nine(九点零五分),
quarter past nine(九点十五分), quarter
to nine(差十五分到九点), all day(整天),
on SundayMonda
yTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday(在星期天星期一星期二
星期三星期
四
星期五星期六), Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节),
Spring Festival(春节), National Day(国庆节),
Children’sDay(儿童
节), New Year(新年), Women’s
Day(妇女节), May Day(劳动节), Teachers’ Day(教师节),
Party’s
Birthday(党生日)
3、noun短语:
family tree(家族谱),
favourite food drinkscoloursubject (喜爱的食物) paint
brush(画笔),
第34页
an office
worker(一个办公室文员), class teacher(班主任), an
old…(一个件老的旧的……), years
old(…..岁), the high
jump(跳高), the long jump(跳远),
a map of
Chinathe UK…(一张中国英国……地图), e-mail address(电子邮箱地址),
telephone number(电话号码)
交通手段:on foot(走路), b
y
buscarshipplaneundergroundbike(乘公共汽车小轿车轮船飞机地铁
自行
车),
4、介词短语:
at the beginning of(在……的开始), at the end
of(在…..的结尾结束), at the weekend(在周末),
on the
weekdays(在工作日), in front of (在…..的前面), in the
front of(在……物品内的前面),
in the middle of
(在……的中间), next to(在……旁边), at the gate of(在……的大门),
on the floor(在地板上), on the …( ) floor(在第几层楼),
on the ground floor(在一楼), at home(在家), at
school(在学校), over there(那里,那边), in the
sun(在阳光下), from…to…(从……到……),
turn
rightleft(向右左转), on the left(在左边), on the
right(在右边),
to the eastwestnorthsouth
of(在…….的东西北南方), from the leftright(从左右),
kilometersmetres
away(离……千米米远), in Class
One(在一班), in Grade
Six(在六年级)
5、句子:
Please say hello
to…for me(宾格)人名{请代(我)向……问好}. Here it is(是).
第35页
Here they are(). Here you
are(给你). Nice to meet you(很高兴见到你)! Nothing
much(没什么).
Not at all(没关系). Shall
we…?{(用于建议)我们……好吗?}
I’ll take it(我买了). It’s
time to …(是做……的时候了)
It’s time for….(是……的时候了)
Excuse me(对不起,打扰了).
See you(再见)!
welcome to …(欢迎到……),
You’re welcome(别客气).
What about…?(……呢?)
How do you do?{你好吗?
(用于初次见面,答句相同) How do you like…?(你觉得……怎么样?)
It
doesn’t matter.(没关系)
That’s a pity.(真糟糕)
Never mind!(不要紧) And you? (你呢?)Happy
birthday!(生日快乐)
地方建筑:post office(邮局),
police station(警察局), train station(火车站),
sportsstadium(大型露天运动场), department
store(百货商场), kinds of (不同种类), the
Children’s
Home(少年之家), primary school(小学), middle school(中学)
第36页
三、词法类练习汇总
1、写出完全形式。
's who is 's
she is 's he is 's what
is
5. where’s where is 're we are 're you are
's that is
9. I'm I am 10. isn't is not 't
are not 're they are
't do not 's let us
15. can’t can not 16. it's it is
17. I’ve I
have 18. I’d I would 19. hasn’t has not
2、写出下列单词的复数形式。
buses
boxes
glasses
classes
watches mangoes y fireflies sheep
people men women apples
families y libraries babies boys
toys
children feet erry strawberries
horse man
policemen dresses 24. fish fish
teeth y
countries 27. foot feet fly dragonflies
us ng
buildings 31. cloth clothes 32. this these
33. that those circles stories
3、反义词或对应词。
different
old
young
long
small short no close
cold there stand down
fat
mother wrong white
that those girl 20.
grandfather grandmother
woman d wife
uncle r sister
25. he she 26. left right
27. go come 28. nurse doctor
29. good bad
30. minus plus 31. his her 32. busy free
33. hand foot 34. legs arms
第37页
4、近义词。
1. desk table
2. like love 3. often usually 4. start
5.
great good
begin
5、同音词。
1. to too、 two
2. right write 3. no know 4. for four
5.
hear here 6. I eye 7. see (C) sea 8. son sun
9. be (B) bee 10. there their 11. U you 12.
Y why
13. by buy、bye 14. pair pear 15. R are
17. aunt aren’t
16. whose who’s
6、现在分词。
1.
swim ( 现在分词 ) swimming
2. come( 现在分词 )
coming
3. dance (-ing形式) dancing
5. sit
(-ing形式) sitting
7. stay (-ing形式)
staying
4. ski (-ing形式) skiing
6.
fly (-ing形式) flying
8. travel (-ing形式)
travelling
10. play (-ing形式) playing 9.
cry (-ing形式)
crying
11. listen (-ing形式)
listening
12. collect (-ing形式)
collecting
14. take (-ing形
13. make
(-ing形式) making
式)
taking
16.
read(-ing形
15. write (-ing形式) writing
式)
reading
17. clean (-ing形式) cleaning
18. sing (-ing形式) singing
19. sweep
(-ing形式) sweeping
20. run (-ing形式)
running
7、综合。
1.
study (第三人称单数) studies 2.
students(名词所有格)students’
3.
sister(名词所有格)sister’s
4. two(序数词) second
第38页
5. have(第三人称单数) has
6. cat (名词所有格) cat’s
7. Tom(名词所有格) Tom’s
r(动词) teach
9. cry(第三人称单数) cries
(名词所有格) Nancy’s
11. can(否定式) can’t
12. good(比较级)better
(第三人称单数) catches
15.
quickly(形容词) quick
14. wash (第三人称单数)washes
16. visit(名词) visitor
17. China(形容词)
Chinese
19. quiet(副词) quietly
18.
French(名词) France
20. one(序数词) first
22.
do(第三人称单数) does
24. many (比较级) more
26.
brush(第三人称单数) brushes
21.
cook(第三人称单数) cooks
23. beautifully(形容词)
beautiful
25. Australian(名词) Australia
27. work(名词)worker
8、人称代词。
1.
I (宾格) me (宾格) you 3. he (宾格)
him 4. she(宾格)her
5.
I(复数) we 6. you (复数)
you
8. we(宾格) us 9. you(宾格) you
7.
hesheit (复数) they
10. they (宾格) them
11. I (形容词性物主代词) my 12. you(形容词性物主代词) your
13. he (形容词性物主代词) his 14. she (形容词性物主代词)
her 15. they (形容词性物主代词) their
16.I(名词性物主代词)
mine
17. you (名词性物主代词) yours
19. she
(名词性物主代词) hers
18. he (名词性物主代词) his
20. we(名词性物主代词) ours
21.
you(名词性物主代词) yours 22. they(名词性物主代词) theirs
第39页
四、话题与语法汇总
话题
1、字母
(大小)辨认、书写顺序: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk
Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww
Xx YyZz.
元音字母:A a , Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu
半元音字母:
Yy
书写容易错误的字母:E , F , G, M, N, d, i, p, q,
x, y.
2、数字
基数词和序数词的运用,如计算、购物等.
基数词:One, two,
three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten ,
eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen…
twenty, twenty-one… thirty, forty, fifty…
eighty, ninety, onea hundred , onea hundred and
one… two
hundred.
序数词: first , second
, third , fourth , fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth,
ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth…
twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second,
twenty-third, twenty-four…thirtieth, fortieth,
fiftieth… eightieth,
ninetieth…
相关句型:
1) What’s thirty and forty? That comes to
seventy.
2) What’s your telephone number?
My telephone number is 83555723.
3) What
time is it ? It’s half past ten.
第40页
4) When do you usually get up ? At
six thirty-five.
5) Where do you live? I
live at No.48 Renmin Road.
6) HowHow much does
it cost? It costs 50 yuan.
7) How many cars
have you got? I have got 6 cars.
8) How
many birds can you see in the tree? I can see 3.
9) How many dolls are there on the bed?
There is onea doll.
10) How many dolls
are there on the bed? There are four dolls.
11) Which floor do you live on? I live on the
fifth floor.
12) Excuse me, can you tell
me the way to Baiyun hotel?
13) Yes, go
down this street, then turn left at the third
crossing….
14) Who’s the fifth girl from
the right? She’s my cousin.
15) old are you?
I’m twelve.
注意:数词的应用;不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法
上的区别;there isare与havehas在用法上的区别.
3、颜色
实物的颜色
colours: red,
pink(粉红), yellow, brown, grey(灰色),blue,
purple(紫色),
orange,
black, white, dark
blue(深蓝), light blue(浅蓝).
相关句型:
16) What colour is your coat? It’s ...
第41页
17) What’s your favourite
colour? My favourite colour is …
4、时间
年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻year, season( spring,
summer, autumn, winter) ,
month:
January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October,
November,
December.
Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Day: 1 May
(the first of May), May 2 ( May the second)
st
nd
Time: (an) hour, minute,
second
10:05 (five minutes past ten, ten
o five) 10:10 (ten
minutes past ten, ten ten)
10:15 (quarter past ten, ten
fifteen) 10:30
(half past ten, ten thirty)
10:45
(quarter to eleven, ten forty-five) 11:00 (eleven
o’clock)
相关句型:
1) How old is
your mother? She’s thirty-six years old.
2) in
a year? There are 12.
3) How many months are
there When’s your birthday?
My birthday is on
15 January ( the fifteenth of January).
4)
When do you get up? I get up at six o’clock.
5) When does spring last? It lasts for 3
months from March to May.
6) What time is it?
It’s quarter to nine.
th
第42页
5、食品与饮料
人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品
food : meat, rice, fish,
bread, egg…
drinks : water, milk ,orange
juice ,coke, coffee…
相关句型:
1)
Would you like something to drinkeat? Yes, I’d
like some…No, thanks .
2) Would you like
to eatdrink…? I’d like to eatdrink…No, thanks .
3) What’s your favourite fooddrinks? My
favourite fooddrink is …
4) Could I have
some…? Yes, please .
6、服装
服装的颜色:人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴;所属关系
clothes:
hat, cap, coat, shirt , T-shirt, skirt, dress,
sweater, jacket, trousers, sock, shoe
put on,
wear
所属关系:形容词性的物主代词:my, your, his, her,
its, our, their
名词性的物主代词: mine, yours,
his, hers, its, ours, theirs
相关句型:
1) What does it look like? It likes wearing a
blue shirt.
2) Whose shoes are these?
They’re mine. They’re Tom’s .
3) Is this
thatit your book? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
4) Is this pencil yours? Yes, it is. No, it
isn’t.
第43页
5) Are these
thosethey your coats and trousers? Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
6) Are those clothes
theirs? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
7) This is my hat. That hat is his.
注意:
名词单,复数;物主代词(名词性的物主代词,形容词性的物主代词);名词所有格,如:
Tom’s ,
my father’s , the teachers’.
7、玩具和文具
特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置
Toys: doll, toy…
文具: desk, book, bag ,pen, pencil, pencil-box,
ruler, chair, ball
存在的位置: in, on, under,
beside, behind, in front of, in the front of , in
the middle of, at the back
of…(aplacea
person).
相关句型:
1) There is a cup
of tea on the table.
2) There are some
oranges in the fridge.
3) Is there any
milk in the glass? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
4) Are there any oranges in the fridges?
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
5)
What’s under the desk? There is an oranges .
There are some oranges.
8、日常生活用品
特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置words: shelf, table, clock,
brush, telephone,
light, computer, bike,
fridge, glass, knife,
keyboard, bottle, box,
plate, photo, photograph, fax, radio, super-
market,
第44页
特点: big, small,
heavy, light, white, black, empty, full, old, new,
beautiful, cute, tall, short, strong,
plump,nice, good, bad…
9、动物
家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系words(animals):
cat, dog,
duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep,
bird, panda, monkey, rabbit, hen , cock, chick,
tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice)
生活地点:at home, in a farm, in a zoo …
所属关系:同上话题(7)
10、植物
特点、所属关系;存在的位置words:
tree, rose, flower,
leave (leaves) …
11、环境与建筑
特点、所属关系;存在的位置buildings: factory, hospital,
park, house, library, museum, office, farm,
post office, bank, police station,
train station, sports stadium, department
store, store, school, classroom, house: bathroom,
living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, kitchen,
garden…
房子的基本构造:door, gate, wall, window,
floor…
相关句型:
1) Where do you study at
? I study at Longdong Primary School.
2)
Where does your mother work at ? She works at a
hospital.
3) Let’s meet at the gate of
the park.
4) My brother is playing in the
garden.
第45页
12、身体
特点
body: head, hair, eye, nose,
ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand,
finger,foot(feet) ,toe…
外貌: fat, thin, plump ,
tall, short, old, young, round face, two big blue
eyes,
longhair, short hair, black hair ,white
hair…
相关句型:
1) I’m You’re
He’sShe’s We’re They’re (not) tall.
2) Is
heshe tall or short? He’s She’s tall (short).
3) IWeTheyYou have (got) black hair.
4) HeShe has ( got ) a round face.
5)
Has heshe got long hair ? Yes, heshe , heshe
hasn’t.
注意:描述人的外貌时,have与has用法上的区别;形容词的用法,如:tall,
short, old, young,
black ,long…
13、个人情况
姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好age,
year,
address, e-mail address, hobby,
hobby:
collecting stamps(coins) , going swimming… doing
sth
相关句型:
1) How old are you ?
I’m thirteen years old.
2) I’m a
thirteen-year old boy.
3) What’s your
address? I live at No.48 Renmin road.
4)
What’s your e-mail address? My e-mail address is
123VIP@.
5) What’s your hobby? My hobby
is going running. Or : I like going running.
第46页
6) I You They like music.
7) He likes sightseeing.
8) Do
you like reading? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
9) Does he she like playing basketball? Yes,
heshe does. No, heshe doesn’t.
注意:描述个人的喜好时:名词和动词- ing形式作宾语;
主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。
动词ing的变化规律:
1)直接加ing ,如: open-opening, clean-cleaning,
meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, …
2)去掉词尾不发音的e ,如:take-taking, close-closing,
come-coming, drive-driving, have-having,
use-
using, write-writing, practice-practicing, …
3)重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加 ing , 如: sit-sitting, put-
putting, begin-beginning ,
4)get-getting,
swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-
becoming, …
主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同):
1)直接加s,如:cook-cooks, come-comes, close-
closes,…
2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如:
teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches,
wash-washes,
brush-brushes, miss-misses, …
3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+es,如:fly-flies,
worry-worries, carry-carries, …
4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es.
5)特殊:have-
has, …
14、家庭、亲属和朋友
姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系words: family,
grandfather(grandpagranddad),
grandmother(grandmagrand mum), father, mother,
第47页
brother, sister, uncle,
aunt, cousin, friend
相关句型:
1) Is
heshe Tom’s cousin? Yes, heshe , heshe isn’t.
2) Who’s heshe? He’sShe’s my friend.
3)
How many people are there in your family? Who are
they?
4) There are four, my father, my
mother, my brother and me.
注意:1)名词单复数,如:family-families;
名词单数--
复数规律:
1)直接加s,如: boy-boys, term-terms,
2) 以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes,
class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches,
dress-dresses,
fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-
matches,
3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+es,如:baby-
babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories,
peach-
peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,
4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-
knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, …
5)特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-
women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth,
foot-
feet,
6) 不变: hair, milk,
tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice,
meat, people, fish, sheep, …
2)名词所有格,表明是―谁的‖
如: my cousin’s , his parents’
它的构成规则:单数名词后+― ’s‖,Mike’s mother.
复数名词词尾有,其后只+― ’‖,Teachers’ Da教师节.
若是两人共有时,只在后者+ ―’s ‖,
Jim and Tom’s
mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。
不是两者所共有的,两者都+ ― ’s ‖,
Jim’s and Tom’s mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。
名词若是无生命,所有格构成用of,
a map of
China.一幅中国地图
第48页
15、学校
学校建筑和学校生活
words: school building,
classroom, dormitory, playground, library…
subjects: Chinese, maths , English, music,
computer, PE, art, biology, politics , history,
meeting,
geography…
相关句型:
1)
What’s your favourite subject? English.
2)
Where’s the library? It’s behind the dormitory.
3)
When do you go to school? At 7:20.
4) When does Chinese begin on Monday? At Eight
o’clock.
5) Does geography begin at twenty to
ten on Monday?Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
6) We’re having an English class.
16、社交礼仪
礼貌用语;询问与应答
ngs:
Hello! Hi! Good morningafternoonevening.
How
are you ? Fine, thanks. And you?
Please
say hello to your parents for me.
2.
Introduction: My name is … I’m a pupil. I’m new
here. This is MrMrsMiss White.
Hello, nice
to meet you .
3.
Farewells:
GoodbyeBye-byeBye.
See you
thentomorrow.
Good night.
It’s
late. I must go home now.
第49页
Thanking for coming.
4.
Thanks: Thank you (very much).You’re at all.
5. apologies: Sorry. I’m sorry. That’s all
right. Excuse me.
6.
Incitation: Will
you go shopping with me?
Would you like to
go ? I’d love to . Thank you.
7. Asking
for permission: May I have an apple ?
Could
Can I use your bike? Sure. Certainly. Yes, of
course. Yes, do please.
8. Expressing
wishes: Happy birthday! Thank you.
9.
Offering help: Can I help you? What can I do for
you?
10. Making appointments: Are you
free tomorrow?
What about tomorrow afternoon?
Let’s meet at the gate at 7:50.
Shall we visit
the museum?
11. Hello! May I speak to
Kate? SpeakingIt’s Kate ’s thisthat, please ?
12.
Taking meals: Would you like something
to eatdrink?
Would you like some fishmeat?
13. Shopping : Can I help you ,sir?
What can I do for you, sir ?
What about
this one?
Do you like this one?
I want I’d
like some oranges.
How much is the shirt
are the socks? It’s to small. Two kilos, please
I’ll take it.
第50页
14.
Asking the way: Excuse me. Where is the Guangzhou
Library? Can
you tell you me the way to the
Garden Hotel, please?
Can I take this bus to
Beijing Road?
Is there a hotel near here?
It’s over there. Turn rightleft
17、国家与城市
地理位置;特点
Countries:
China, Japan, America (the USA), English( the UK),
Australia, Russia, Canada, Italy, India,
France,
Nationalities: Chinese, Japanese,
American, Englishman, Australian, Russian,
Canadian, Italian,
Indian, French,
相关句型:
1. Where’s Japan? It’s to the
east of China.
2. Where does your friend come
from? She comes from English.
3. Where are
they from? They’re from Russia.
4. What
country do you from? I come from China.
5.
What country is he from? He’s from France.
6.
What language does she speak? She speaks French.
7. What language do they speak? They speak
Chinese.
第51页
18、天气
气候特征
weather :
hot, cold, cool, warm, sun, shine, sunny, rain
,heavy rain, light rain, rainy, wind, strong wind,
windy, snow , heavy snow, light snow snowy,
cloud, cloudy…
temperature: 15 ( fifteen
degrees centigrade), 0 (zero degree centigrade),
-5 (minus degrees centigrade)…
相关句型:
① What’s the weather like in spring? It’s
warm, rainy and wet.
② What will the weather
be like there? It will be sunny.
③ Is it
snowing? Yes, it is a snowy day.
④ Will there
be cloudy? Yes, there will.
⑤ The sun is
shining.
⑥ I like taking a warm bath.
19、节日
节日的特点;节日的活动
festivals :
New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Women’s Day,
April foolish Day, May Day,
Mother’s Day,
Children’s Day, Father’s Day, Party’s Day, Army’s
Day, Mid-autumn Festival, Teachers’
Day ,
National Day, Thanks Giving Day, Christmas Day.
New Year’s Day: 1
January.
Spring
Festival: It’s the Chinese New Year. It’s the
first day of the Chinese year. It’s a very special
festival
for all Chinese people. It is usually
at the end of January or the beginning of February
in late January or
early February. The
children can get ―lucky money‖.
Women’s Day:
It’s on 8
March.
April Foolish Day: on 1
April, on this day, people can play jokes to their
friends.
st
th
st
第52页
May
Day: 1 May, laborers’ day.
Mother’s Day: on
the second Sunday of May.
Children’s Day: on
June 1
.
Father’s Day: on the third
Sunday in June.
Party’s birthday: in China,
it’s on 1
July.
Army’s Day: in China,
it’s on 1
August.
Mid-autumn Festival:
on 15 August of Chinese lunar calendar. In China ,
people eat special cakes
calls moon cakes and
watch the full moon.
Teachers’ Day: on 10
September.
National Day: in China, it’s at
the beginning of October.
Thanks Giving
Day: the last Thursday in November, it’s American
festival.
Christmas Day: December 25.
st
st
st
st
th
th
th
20、方位
人或物的位置;问路与应答
place : in, on ,at,
under, near, next to, beside, behind, in front of
, in the front of ,
in the middle (of ),
back, on the rightleft, the second…person from the
rightleft
A: Excuse me. Where’s the
department store?
Can you tell me the way
to the Garden Hotel, Please?
Can I take this
bus to Beijing Road?
Is there a hotel near
here?
B: It’s over there.
第53页
Turn right left at the first crossing.
The hotel is on the rightleft.
I’m sorry, I
don’t know.
21、正在发生的事情
现在进行的动作和发生的事be doing something
1)
I’mYou’reHe’s She’s We’reThey’re (not) working.
2) Are you playing football? Yes, I amwe
are.
3) Is heshe taking exercise? Yes,
heshe is. No, heshe isn’t.
4) Are they
going shopping? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
5) What are you doing? I’mWe’re cleaning
the room.
6) What’s heshe doing?
He’sShe’s having supper.
7) What are they
doing? They’re reading.
22、日常生活
日常生活、工作、学习的活动daily routine
get up
brush one’s teeth, wash one’s face, make breakfast
, have breakfast, go to schoolwork,
do
morning exercises, have classes, play basketball,
play football, run ,jump, go home,
have
lunch, have supper, do one’s homework, watch TV,
do some reading, take a bath,go to bed
1)
What time do you get up? I usually get up at 6
o’clock.
第54页
2) Shen Zhen
often takes a bath at 9 o’clock in the morning.
3) My mother is never late for work.
23、计划与打算
计划和将要进行的动作和发生的事be going
to do …
1) I’mYou’re He’sShe’s
We’reThey’re (not) going to visit the museum.
2) Are you going to swim? Yes, I amwe are. No,
I’m notwe aren’t.
3) Is heshe going to see
Miss Wang? Yes, heshe is. No, heshe isn’t.
4)
What are you going to do tomorrow? I’m We’re going
to visit the farm.
5) IYouHeSheTheyWe will go
skiing.
6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow?
Yes, I amwe are.
7) go swimming, go shopping,
go climbing, go skiing, go walking, go running, go
fishing,
go skating, go sightseeing,…
24、能力和可能
可能进行的动作和发生的事
1)IYouHeSheWeThey can(can’t) come here
tomorrow.
2)Can heshe visit the factory
today? Yes, heshe can. No, heshe can’t.
3)Can
they go by bus? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
4)May I visit the factory this afternoon? Yes,
of courseSureCertainly.
5)May I sit here?
Yes, of courseplease do.
注意:情态动词can的用法,
can do (+动词原形).
小学英语语法大全
第55页
第一章名词
一、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类
1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is
a student
student是普通名词,john是专有
名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词aan,
定冠词the或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词
的首字母要大写。
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可
数名
词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词
专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)
drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee
porridge food?rice bread
meat fish fruit cake
dumplings
2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能
与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形
式
many+可数名词复数
mucha little+不可数名词
some, any , a lot
of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词
对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
第56页
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
1)
some, much ,a little ,a lot of
,a bit of ,
plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a
lot of ,
lots of ,most of 等。
如there is
much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
i'll tell
you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
we should
collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
2)用单位词表示。用a ... of 表示。
如
如
a
cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)
a
piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)
如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of
paper(五张纸)
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、
百等数词与名词加用,表
示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。
如two
hundred students(200名学生) ten thousand
trees(10000棵树)
测试点he caught a lot of
fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes)
=he caught a lot of fishes.
the paper
is about some fresh-water
fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示
不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。
1)单数如a desk(一张桌子)an
old desk(一张旧书桌)
2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加-s
如book--books(书) desk--desks(书桌)2)以s ,x ,ch ,
sh结尾加-es
如box--boxes(盒子)
bus--
buses(公共汽车)
注意①以 th 结尾加-s, month--
months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加- es。
第57页
如city--cities(城市)
country
--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--
days(天),boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或 fe
为v再加-es
如knife-knives(书) ,
half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf
,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)
5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es
如tomato-
tomatoes(西红杮) potato-
potatoes(土豆)
(2)
元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-
zoos(动物园) photo-photos (照片),
kangaroo-
kangaroos(袋鼠) kilo-kilos(千克)
注意zero
两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不规则变化
1)
元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人) , woman--women(妇女)
tooth--teeth(牙齿) , foot--feet(脚)
mouse--
mice(老鼠) , policeman--policemen(警察) policewoman--
policewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩)
, ox--
oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
第58页
如fish--fish(鱼) ,sheep--sheep(绵羊) ,deer--
deer(鹿) ,
chinese--chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元)
,jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不说an english,要说an
englishman.
①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes
指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these
people (不说a people,可说a person)
police(公安,警察)ten police(不说a police,可说a
policeman)
5)
由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
6) 如a
man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-
women doctors (女医生)
7)
合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-
by-passers-by(过路人)
bus driver-bus
drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。
如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-
boxes (信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根
头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复
数形式。
如would you
like some more fruit?
你要不要再吃点水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.
我们从市场上买了许多水果, china has some
good frits.
中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)
she has a few white hairs.
她有几要白头发。
第59页
his black hair is
going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind
,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或
雨。注意以boy
和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如 boy
student-boy students(男学生)
girlfriend--
girlfriends(女朋友)
7) 有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of
scissors(一把剪刀)
trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)
scales(天平)s unglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savi
ngs(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,
其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成
men(wome n)。
如englishman--englishmen(英国人)
frenchwoman--
frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german不是复合词,它的复数是germans。
四、名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称
为该名词的所有
格。如mary's father(玛丽的父亲) jim's
mother(吉姆的母亲)
与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。
1.名词所有格的构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。
如tom's
knife(汤姆的小刀)
children's books(儿童书籍) 2)表示几个
人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示
各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。
第60页
如jim and mike's
room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间
jim's and mike's
rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间
3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加即可。
如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)
everyone needs to have at least eight hours'
sleep a night.
每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。(新目标英语九年级)
注意①所有格的读音和名
词复数的读音一样。②名词所有格主要用于
表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。
如this is a woman's work. 这是女人干的工作。
this is a girls' school. 这是一所女子学校。
4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但读音都是iz。
如 mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生的书) keats'
works(济慈的作品)
(1)表示时间和距离的名词。
如where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿?
an
hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。
(1)有些无生命
东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可
用's,表示所有关系
。
如china's population(中国人口)
the
city's life(城市生活)
注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),
名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词
。
my
uncle's(我叔叔家) ,the doctor's(医生的诊所)
2.短语所有格
第61页
有生命的名词,我们用's结
构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结
构来表示。 the
window of the house(这间房子的窗户)
注意当's所有格用来表示
事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是
shoes of men。
+名词所有格
of
+名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。
1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no
,several
(几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the 。
如可说:a book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本书
不说:books of my brother's或 book of my brother's
.
2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the ,this ,that ,these
,those于名词前。如the pretty
daughter of your
sister's 你姐姐的漂亮的女儿
did you read that book
of lu xun's ? 你读过鲁迅的那本书吗?
3)of
前面的名词不能是专有名词。
如不说:this is john of his
uncle's.
4)of 后面的名词必须是特定的。
如these
books of my friend's are good 我朋友的这些书很好。
5)of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。
比较不说it is a leaf of
the tree's.
a picture of my
father指的是爸爸本人的照片。
注意of
所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。如a
friend of my
brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car
of betty's cars ,不可换为a car of betty.。
第62页
jim's and tom's fathers are in the same
office now.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。
常用口诀
表示民族的名词顺口溜
(1)―中、日、瑞‖友好是一致。
(2)―英、法‖联盟a变e。(3)其
他一律加s
即chinese,
japanese单复数同形;englishman,frenchman的复数为englishmen,f
renchmen;
其他像german,american,australian等的复数形式是在后面加―s‖。
o结尾的名词顺口溜
1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,
词尾加s。
有生命:potato-potatoes, tomato-
tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes
如无生命:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos,
piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹
竿)--bamboos,
tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos1)
2)两人两菜一火山。(+es)
小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero
(英雄),
potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是―两人
两菜一火山‖。
或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroes and heroes
eat tomatoes and potatoes)
3)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
图景:你在―zoo‖里,看见一要―bamboo‖,上面挂着一张―photo‖,所照
的是一架―piano‖,
上面放着一台―radio‖。
zoo-
zoos , bamboo-bamboos,photo-photos piano-pianos,
radio-radios.
f、fe结尾的顺口溜
第63页
p>
(1)以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s,其他的以―
f(e)‖结尾的名词则直
接加―s‖。
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在
架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life
(生命)leaf(
树叶),self(自己),half(一半),这9个名词变复数时
,都要改―f(e)‖为―ve‖再加―s‖
(2)以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,如gulf,
roof, chief, serf, belief, proof,
handkerchief。编成口诀联想:
海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;
谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上
巧记不规则名词单变复男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。
man-men;
woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese;
mouse-mice; louse-lice.
第二章冠词
一、定义
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮
助指
明名词的含义。
二、分类共3类:
定冠词(the definite
article),不定冠词(the indefinite article)、
零冠词(zero article)。
第64页
三、用法
1、定冠词的用法
a 、an与数词one
同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
表示某一类人或某事物
中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,
表示一个。
i
gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书
i am
reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。
(2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
a
horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。
(3)
不定冠词用在事物的单位前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 每一。
to
school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
i went to
the library once a week at least.
(4)
不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
a boy came to
see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。
(5)
在序数词前表示又一;再一时。
如: i want to read the story a
second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。
(6) 表示不特定的某一个时。
如: a mr. smith is calling on the phone.
有一位史密斯先生来电话找你。
(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如: have a
good
time 过得高兴
(8) 一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:
-mum, what shall we have for lunch?
-jiaozi.
第65页
we often go
-oh, what a wonderful lunch! i enjoy it
very much.
(9) 在形容词最高级前表示非常时。如: lesson
nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't
the most difficult one.
(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。
a little a few a
lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a
rule in a hurry in a minute in a
word in a
short while after a while have a cold have a
try keep an eye on all of a sudden
2.定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,t
hose同源,有那(这)个这(那)些的意思,但较弱,可
以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定
的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:
(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:
take the medicine.
把药吃了。
(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前: he bought a
house.
i've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:
the sun,
the sky, the moon, the earth
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
the fox is
cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。
(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the
rich 富人; the living 生者。
第66页
(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very,
same等前面: where do you live?
i live on the
second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 that's the very thing
that ineed 那
正是我需要的东西。
(7)
在表示世纪...年代的结构之前
he began to learn russian in
the 1950s. 他在20实际50年代开始学俄语。
但注意:in one's
50s意为在某人五十多岁时。
如: he looked quite healthy
though he was in his 80s.
(8) 在比较级的两种句型中:
①表示越 ......,就越......时。
如:the lighter, the
better. 越轻越好。
②表示两者中比较......时,用定冠词。
如:
there are two books on the table. i like the
thicker one.
(9)
用在动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称的结构中(注意:介词常用inonby)。
如:
the ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的头。
(10) 在表示计量单位的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。
如: the
workers are paid by the hourdaymonth. 按月付给工人工资 .
(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:the great wall(长城),
the people's park(人民公园)等。
the people's
republic of china 中华人民共和国
the united
states
美国
(12)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
she
plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴.
the little girl
likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。(13)定冠词用
在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
they
are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。
(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
第67页
the greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
(15)在方位名词之前,如:in the west on the west
(16)在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning
(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow ,the
day
before yesterday, the next morning, in the
sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the
rain, in the
distance, in the middle (of), in
the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the
theatre
3、零冠词(不用定冠词)
(1)
在物质名词前,如: water is very important . 水是非常重要的。
(2) 在抽象名词前,如: failure is the mother of
success. 失败乃成功之母。
(3) 复数名词表示人或物的种类时,
如: doctors cure patients. 医生治病救人 .
those people are teachers, not students.
这些人是老师,不是学生 .
(4) 在有关游戏的名词前,如:
do you like to play chess? 你喜欢下棋吗 ?
(5) 在交通工具的短语里,
如: shall we walk or go by
bus? 我们乘车还是步行 ?
(6) 在国名,人名和地名前通常不用定冠词,
如:england,mary;
(7)在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
we go to school from monday to friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
(8)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
第68页
the guards took the american to general
lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
(9)在三餐、球类运动的名称前,不加冠词。
如:have
breakfast,play chess
(10)在某些固定词组中,是否有冠词,意义不同。
如:in
hospital住院,in the hospital在医院里
in
bed在卧床
in the bed在床上
in front
of在......(外)前面,in the front of 在......(内)前部
go to hospital
去医院看病
go
to the hospital
去医院
泛指用a
an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。
释:1)泛指用a
an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a an。
2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。
3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a
an,泛指的可数名词
复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。
定冠词:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。(1)the用在―特指‖谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。
如: where
is the teacher?老师在哪里?
(2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如: i
can see a cat.
the cat is lucy‖s.
我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。
(3)the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
如: the earth goes
around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。
(4)the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
如: mike is the
tallest of the three boys.
迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
(5)the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如:the great wall(长城),the people‖s park(人民公园)等。
(6)the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。
如:in the
day(在白天),play the piano(弹钢琴)等。
第69页
不用冠词:代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节
星期月
份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
(1)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my,
your, his, her, our, their,
some等限定词时,不
用冠词。如:this eraser, her pencil-box,
some boxes, those women等。
(2)泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如:meat, rice, water, bread,
tea, milk, juice等。
(3)复数名词表示泛指时,不用冠词。如: the
people in the room are doctors.房间里的那些人是医
生。
(4)在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如:chinese,
english, maths, physics,
history等。在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如:have breakfast
lunch supper, play
basketball football等。
(5)在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如:autumn, summer, winter,
spring, teacher‖s day,
children‖s day, sunday,
february等。
(6)在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如:white,
brown, french, australia等。
(7)在表示称呼语的名词之前,以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如:
doctor
green is a scientist.格林博士是位科学家。
(一)、有水无湖、有球无星、有山无峰、有独无欧
(二)、有(足)族无球(运动)、有文无章、学而不专:
1)有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);
the
red sea,the pacific ocean,the persian
gulf, the yangtze river
the great
lakes(五大湖);lake erie(伊利湖)
2)有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: mars,venus;
3)有山无峰:the huangshan mountains(黄山);mount
everest(珠穆朗玛峰);
mount(or mt.) tai(泰山).
4)有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the
sun用the;
欧洲等七大洲不用the.
europe,africa,asia,north america,south
america,antarctica,oceania
5)有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the indians(印第安人);球类运动
baseball,basketball
第70页
6)有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the
the
constitution(宪法); chapter one
7)学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;
the university of fudan; fudan university
第三章
介词
一、定义
介词p
reposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。
二、介词的用法
1
、表示时间的(at
、on、in、at、before
,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)
(1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。
at noon在午时
at night在夜间
at present目前
(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用)
on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on
march 8 在3月8日
(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999
在1999年
in november
在11月份
in summer
在夏季
in the
afternoon在下午
过……后(未来时间)
i think
he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。
i
heard that she would be back in a
month.我听说她一个月后回来的。
(4)before:在……之前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this
morning .今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。
(5)after:在……之后
after that ,no noe should ever kill
a seagull .
从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。
(6)by:在……前(时间),截止(到)…… by the time i
arrived ,she had already gone .
在我到达之前,她已经走了。
第71页
(7
)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完
成时连用。 florence often worked for twenty-four hours
without rest .
弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。
(8)during:在……期间
during
the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe
will more further apart by nearly two metres .
在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。
(9)through:一直……(从开始到结束)
he ,who led
the united states through these years ,was shot on
april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in
washington
领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。
(10)from:从……起(时间)
the
worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to
7 in the evening
.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。
(11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) since
that time ,my eyes had
never been very
good.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不……超过的范围 he will arrive within an
hour .
他一小时内就人到。
2、表示地点(at、in、on
、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、
around、around、in front
of、behind、in 、into、out
of、along、across、,through、
to、for、from)
at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学
at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号 at the
station 在火
车站
(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) she will arrive in
shanghai at ten .10
点她将到达上海。
(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below
①on:在……上面,有接触面
on the table
在桌子上面
②above:在……上方
第72页
sometimes juliana could hear planes
above the trees.
有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。
over
these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。
③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词
④under:在……下面,在……之内
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree
.这姐俩把
篮子放到了树下。
⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)
three thousand metres below her ,she could see
nothing
except the thick jungle .
3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。
(4)near ,by
①near:近的,不远的(=not
far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间,in the near future在不
远的将来。
green’s lake was a small lake near
his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。
②by:在……旁边,比的距离要近
juliana walked by the side of the river for six
more long days .
朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。
(5)between ,among ,around
①between:在两者之间
the differences
between american english and british english are
not very great
.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。②among:在三者或者更多的之中 there
are
some american students among us
.在我们中间有几个美国学校。
③around:环绕,在…..的周围,在……的四周
they arrived at a valley with high
mountains all around it .
他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷
(6)in front of ,behind
①in
front of :在……的前面
there is
a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。
②behind :在…..后边
are there any cows behind
the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗?
(7)in ,into ,out of
①in:在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置
there are
four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。
②into:进入,用于表示
有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。
如:come ,go ,walk
,jump ,run..
she took me from the
hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。
第73页
(8)along ,across ,through
①along:沿着
go along zhongshan road and
turn right at the second crossing .
沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。
②across:横过(平面物体)
very slowly,the continents are moving across
the face of the world .
各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。
③through:贯通,通过
the students
walked through the gate with uncle wang .
学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。
(9)to ,for ,from
①到达……地点(目的地)或方向
where’s
jack? he has gone to london.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。
②for:表示目的,为了…… do you know what he comes here
for ? 你
知道他为什么来这儿吗?
③from:从……地点起 how
far is it from london to new york? 从伦敦到
纽约有多远?
3、表示手段和材料的介词用
(1)with ①和……在一起
these plates keep moving ,like great
ships ,carrying the continents with them .
这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断地漂移。
②具有,带有 a person
with good manners is always kind and polite.
有礼貌的人总是和和气气,彬彬有礼的。
③用某种工具或方法 he could swim
with some special swimming shoes.
穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。
(2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或
用什么语言。表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with而
用in。
what’s this in english. 这个用英语怎么说?
(3)by:通过……方法,手段 what do you mean by the
word―island‖?
―island‖是什么意思
i prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。
4、其他
第74页
(1) of , from
①of
属于)……的,表示…..的数量或种类
it was beginning of the term .这是学期开始的时候。
②from:来自(某地,某人),以….起始 she is a lady from
canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。
(2)without ,like
,as
①without :没有,是with的反义词
she often
worked for twenty-four without rest
.她通常工作24小时而不休息。
②like:像……一样
like
many children of her age ,ding fang is a young
pioneer .
像很多同龄的孩子一样同,丁芳是个少先队员。
③as:作为
they are carrying us as
passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。
(3)against:反对。靠着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts
.所有的人奋力扑打
蝗虫。
(4) about:
①
关于,各处,四周
nightingale wrote a book
about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。
②询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议
what about your family ?
你家里人怎么样?
口诀1:年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用
on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下
午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不借。
at也在时分前,说―差‖用to,说―过‖要
用part。
第75页
口诀2: in在……里,
out在……外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by 。
on在……上,under在……下,
above在上头, below在底下。
口诀3:this、that、tomorro
w,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已
习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。' bey
ond
超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,amo
ng之内along沿。同类比较
except,加for异类记心间。
口诀4:before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时
,ago过去极有限。since以来
during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside
,除了last but one。
口诀
5:
①早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the
afternoon 在下午
in
the evening 在晚上
in
the day 在白天
②黎明、午、夜、点与分用at 例: at
dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon
at midnight
在午夜 at six o'clock 在6点钟
at
night 在夜间
在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半
at
7:30
(seven thirty)
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
at
nine fifteen 在9点15分
at
the
weekend 在周末
在中午
③年、月、年月、季节、周用in。 例;in 1986
在1986年 in 1927 在1927年
in april
1986
1986年12
在四月 in march 在三月 in july l983 1983年7月
in december
月
在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in
winter 在冬季
in
spring 在春季 in summer
in
the third week 在第三周
in
the fist week of
this semester 这学期的第一周
④阳光、灯、影、衣、冒雨用in,在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
they are reviewing their lessons in the bright
light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 they are sitting
in the
shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
he went in the
rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
in
the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
the woman in
white穿着白色衣服的妇女
⑤将来时态in...以后
第76页
例: they will come back in 10 days.
他们将10天以后回来。
i'll come round in a day or two.
我一两天就回来。
we'll be back in no time.我们一会儿就回来。
come and see me in two days' time.
两天后来看我。(从现在开始) after... (从过去开始)
⑥小处at大处in
i'm in liaoning, at
anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in
例:the
workers are paving a road with stone.
工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) the teacher
is correcting the
paper with a new pen.
这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
<<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)
the product is
separated by distilation into gasoline and gas
oil.
这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
i really can't express my idea in english
freely in-deed.
我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。
(表示某种语言用in)
the kilometer is the biggest unit
of length in the metric system.
公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
this
board was cast in bronze not in gold.
这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
⑦特征、方面与方式、心情成语惯用in特征或状态:
they found
the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
he
has not been in good health for some years.
他几年来身体一直不好。
the house was in ruins.
这房屋成了废墟。
her clothes were in rags.
她的衣跟穿破了。
还有一些心理短语也用in,如: in jest 诙谐地,in
joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness
公正地,in
revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
⑧介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分。介词at和to都可以表示方向;
<
br>用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作
的对象,侧重表示善意。
第77页
she came at me.
她向我扑过来。
she came to me. 她向我走过来。
he shouted
at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
he shouted to
the old man. 他大声向那老人说
she talked at you just
now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。 she
talked to you just now.
她刚才还同你谈话呢. she threw a
bone at the dog.
她用一块骨头砸狗。
she threw a bone to the dog.
她把一块骨头扔给狗吃
第78页