杨柳青年画-改变人生

（英语）英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解

They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Well, there is one lady who believes that
it's actually chocolate. At 102 years of age, she's living proof.

According to Boonville, Indiana's Eunice Modlin, a daily dose of chocolate has been the key to a
long and healthy life. Specifically, two pieces of dark chocolate. It's not just Eunice who believes
this.

Many scientists have attributed the sweet to health benefits such as lower chances of cancer,
cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

However, researchers believe that Eunice might be overlooking the fact that she has never
smoked or drunk alcohol in her long life, and that chocolate might not be the significant cause of
her longevity.


Vanessa Rissetto said.

At any rate, Eunice is still alive and kicking. With four children, seven grandkids, 14 great-
grandkids and 11 great- great grandkids, this lady has a big family.

It must be noted that Eunice was also very athletic, being an archer in her 20s .Amazingly, she
has lived through tough times such as the Great Depression and World War II .Also, the healthy
blood runs through the veins of other family members. Eunice's brother is also still alive, at 101
years of age.

No matter what you might think, Eunice's consumption of chocolate can't be ignored. In 2015,
a BMJ study showed that a daily treat of one small bar would give the consumer 23% less chance
of having a stroke (中风).

What is in the sweet that makes it so beneficial? Apparently, cocoa beans have flavonoids,
plant nutrients that have useful antioxidants (抗氧化剂).


milk chocolate, and white chocolate—which does not actually contain chocolate—is not a good
source of flavonoids.

（1）According to the article, which of the following lead to Eunice Modlin's long and healthy
life?

a. two pieces of dark chocolate

b. genes

c. lifelong exercise

d. good diet

e. love of her large family

A. a, b, d B. b, c, d C. a, b, e D. a, c, d

（2）Rissetto thinks that .

A. chocolate is the most important thing that affects Eunice's health B. no smoking or
drinking contributes the most to Eunice's longevity

C. chocolate really has nothing to do with her long and healthy life D. Eunice's good diet

doesn't only mean taking chocolate every day

（3）What the author presented in the passage sounds .

A. persuasive B. objective C. subjective D. critical

（4）From the whole passage we can conclude that______________.

A. there's universal proof for what contributes to a long life B. it is generally accepted that
chocolate is the key to longevity

C. many factors may contribute to people's good health D. a bit of any chocolate a day keeps
the doctor away

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国印第安纳女性Eunice Modlin现在已经102岁 的
了，她认为自己长寿的秘密是每天吃巧克力，并分析了她长寿的原因以及巧克力对健康产
生影 响的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段“‘There are so many other factors to her long life and
chocolate isn't the only one,’ nutritionist Vanessa Rissetto said. ‘Genes, her diet in general…are
probably the main reasons.’”可知研究人员认为Eunice Modlin长寿的原因有很多，基因、饮
食以及巧克力都起了作用。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“ ‘Not all chocolate is created equal,’ Rissetto warns. ‘Dark
chocolate has more flavonoids than milk chocolate, and white chocolate—which does not
actually contain chocolate—is not a good source of flavonoids.’”可知Rissetto认为只有黑巧克
力才黄酮，而 黄酮是抗氧化剂的很好的来源。Eunice的饮食不仅仅意味着吃巧克力，而要
吃黑巧克力。故选D。

（3）考查态度观点。本文是一篇说明文，美国印第安纳女性Eunice Modlin现 在已经102
岁的了，她认为自己长寿的秘密是每天吃巧克力，并分析了她长寿的原因以及巧克力对健< br>康的影响。文章中作者只是客观陈述事实，并没有发表个人观点，所以作者持客观的态
度。故选B 。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段“‘There are so many other factors to her long life and
chocolate isn't the only one,’ nutritionist Vanessa Rissetto said. ‘Genes, her diet in general…are
probably the main reasons.’”可知研究人员认为Eunice Modlin长寿的原因有很多，基因、饮< br>食以及巧克力都起了作用。同样人们的健康是受到不同因素的影响的，故选C。

【点评 】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握 细节信息，并根据上下文的进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正
确答案。


2．阅读理解

The other day I was shopping at the local Chinese grocery store. There was a line at the fish
counter, but only one staff person was there to take care of the customers. Some customers
ordered quite an amount of fish for that staff person to work on. At last I was the second in line.

All I wanted was a couple of crabs and should get out of there in no time.

Noticing it was very busy at the fish counter, another staff person came over to help. I was
ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of
ladies with snail (蜗牛). The customers in front of me, being served, turned around and looked at
me sympathetically and the customer behind me called to the staff person, “You should start
here,” pointing at me. He was, well, ignored.

If someone asked me,
without hesitation.
find people waiting in a line quietly to get anything: whether in the supermarkets, department
stores, bus stops, or gas stations, it's just a matter of waiting your turn. In a larger sense,
your turn— it is a very basic rule that reflects the fundamental
value of the western cultures. But in some situations your turn does not always come based on
when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store. Even
though this did not often happen, it did make me feel upset.

（1）What happened to the author at the store?

was ill-treated by a customer.

wasn't served upon his order.

was asked to be served later.

was asked to do others a favor.

（2）What does the underlined word

belief.

culture.

experience.

rule.

（3）Why did the author write the text?

emphasize his kindness to others.

introduce some western cultures to us.

express his belief and his feeling.

show his disbelief in Queuing Rule.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）C

【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久，受到不公平待遇
的经历，借此表现了西方文化的特 点——要遵守次序，同时也表明了作者的感受和建议。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to
the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛).”可知，我准备好了接
受服务，但服务员走到了队尾给几个想买蜗牛的 女士提供了服务，因此轮到作者的次序
时，作者并没有得到服务。故选B。

（2）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的“But in some situations your turn does not always
come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the
store.”可知，在某些情况下，是否能轮 到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的

队，就像作者的情况一样，因此“th is”指代的是作者的亲身经历。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述 了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公
平待遇的经历。再根据最后一段中的“Even though this did not often happen, it did make me
feel upset.”可知，作者认为这种经历并不经常发生，但仍使作者感到比较失望，表达了作
者的想法和 感受。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是 一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出< br>正确答案。


3．阅读理解

Osaka, Japan—Defending champions China lifted the FIVB Women's Volleyball World Cup
trophy(奖杯)with perfect 11 straight wins after easing past Argentina 3-0 here on Sunday. With
their eleventh win at the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup, China won the FIVB Women's
Volleyball World Cup.

This year, the World Cup has been played across different cities, and Team China had training
sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring
Lang focuses on details of the technique in the training sessions, and I feel our
team has become more balanced.
managed to turn the table against the United States at the World Cup. Never quit, especially in
adversity. That's what the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball means.

When the team struggled, Zhu was always there, doing whatever was needed to carry the team
forward. That's why she has become a national volleyball icon, just like
for Lang, she took over the flag from her former coach Yuan Weimin, who was behind China's rise
in the beginning. From coach Yuan to coach Lang, and spiker(主攻手) Lang to spiker Zhu, the flag
bearers may have changed over time, but the craving for championships and the steely desire
and determination remain the same.

Volleyball is a team sport and behind the on-court team there is always a supportive coaching
team and staff. Lai was one of the members, shouldering responsibilities as both vice director of
China's Volleyball Management Center and as assistant coach. Apart from coordinating between
coaches and players, Chinese coaches and foreign coaches and sometimes within Chinese
coaches, she also has to do chores. During Rio 2016, assistant coach Yuan Lingxi headed for the
arena（竞技场）at 6am every day to film the matches and would return to the Olympic Village
at 2am when he would start analyzing China's opponents and file reports. There are many Lais
and Yuans that are not known by the public, but who remain indispensable for the team to
overcome difficulties and reach their peak.

（1）What does the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball mean according to paragraph 2?

a special team.

ng to the end.

g every game.

ng hard every day.

（2）Why does Zhu Ting become a national volleyball icon?

wins many awards in the World Cup.

keeps strong desire and determination.

takes lots of training after the tiring flight.

does almost everything to help the team forward.

（3）What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph?

work is vital in volleyball matches.

coach has a great influence on players.

staff behind the on-court team is also essential.

tanding opponents is necessary to win the game.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道 ，卫冕冠军中国队以3:0战胜阿根廷队,以11连胜
夺得了国际排联女子排球世界杯奖杯。永不放弃是 中国女排精神所在。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第而段中的“Never quit, especially in adversity. That's what the
spirit of Chinese women's volleyball means”可知，中国女排精神的含义是：永不放弃，尤其
是在逆境中。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“When the team struggled, Zhu was always there, doing
whatever was needed to carry the team forward. That's why she has become a national volleyball
icon”可知，队长朱婷成为排球偶像是因为当球队 拼搏时，朱婷总是跟他们站在一起，并且
做一切事情来带领球队前进。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Volleyball is a team sport and behind the on-court
team, there is always a supportive coaching team and staff”和最后一段中的“There are many
Lais and Yuans that are not known by the public, but who remain indispensable for the team to
overcome difficulties and reach their peak.”可知，作者认为排球是一项团队运动。在场上球
队的背后，还有支持他们的教练团队和员工 。作者举出两名助理教练赖亚文、袁灵犀的例
子，说明有很多像他们这样的人，是球队克服困难和达到顶 峰所不可缺少的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是 一篇新闻报道，考生需要
准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


4．阅读理解

Money is the root of all evil (邪恶) and new study claims there may be some truth behind the
saying. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley, US, announced on February 27 that rich
people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The
scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNA《美国国家科学院院刊》).

They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that
drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians
at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive ears ignored a pedestrian compared
with only 30 percent of people driving mow modest cars.

In another experiment, a group of college students was asked if they would do immoral things
in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a
salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher — class families were
more likely to act dishonestly.

According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This
makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people's feelings.

Finally, it just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more,
and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-
interest,” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.

Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor
people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social
situations express their instincts（本能）and values in different ways.

（1）By saying “money is the root of all evil”, the author wants to .

A. link wealth with bad behavior B. draw readers' attention to the research

C. show how the saying proves the findings D. defend rich people who do immoral things

（2）According to the scientists, which is NOT the factor that makes rich people immoral?

A. They welcome risks. B. They have more desires.

C. They believe money talks. D. They become more selfish.

（3）Why did the scientists do the experiments?

A. To show how social status affects people's morality. B. To show people's instincts and
values in different ways.

C. To test whether the saying “money is the root of all evil” is true. D. To show the difference
between higher - class people and lower - class people.

（4）What does the passage really want to show us?

A. The poor are respectable. B. Money is the root of all evil.

C. All rich people are untrustworthy. D. The rich are more likely to act badly.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者主要通过展示几个实验的结 果，旨在证明金钱
是一切罪恶的根源这一说法可能是有一定道理的。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“new study claims there may be some truth behind the
saying…that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer
people.”可知，用这个俗语“ 金钱是万恶之源”来引出本文的话题——富人们是否比穷人们更
加有可能做不道德的事情，通过一些实验 来证实，让读者们看到这一研究，目的是吸引读
者对这个研究的注意，故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“According to the scientists, rich people often think
money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they
care less about other people's feelings.”按照科学家的研究，富人们通常 认为钱可以解决一切
麻烦，所以他们更不害怕冒险，也意味着他们更少在乎其他人的感受，可知，他们喜 欢冒

险并不是让他们不道德的因素，而且从常识来说，并不是所有喜欢冒险的人就是富人 ，而
且喜欢冒险也不代表不道德，故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living
in different social situations express their instincts(本能) and values in different ways.”可知，实
验的目的是展示生活在不同的社会状 况下的人们如何以不同的方式来表达他们的本能和价
值观。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich
people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest.”可知，并不是所有的 富人都是不值得信任
的，也并不是所有的穷人都是诚实的，故A，C都错误；B项“金钱是万恶之源”这 只是一个
引子，并不是文章要告诉我们的；根据文章第一段科学家发表的声明可知，富人们更加有
可能不道德，也就是行为上更糟糕，恶劣。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题 型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下
文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。



5．阅读理解

Apple announced its new iPhones last week, but competitors' mobile phones can do many of
the same things for less money.

The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras.
But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo,
and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $$1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian
phone makers can offer similar features for less.

At one time, Chinese manufacturers copied features and designs from others to produce low-
cost phones. But they have now added high-end features to their phones and they control nearly
half the global mobile phone market.

Media MarktSaturn is Europe's biggest electronics seller. A spokesperson for the store told
Reuters that,“Huawei is seen as a relevant competitor to Apple and Samsung by covering all
major price points and placing big investments in marketing and sales. '' She also said that the
Chinese companies Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo and TCL were among the top-10 best-selling smart
phones in its stores.

Chinese manufacturers' fast growth has been fueled by strong sales in China. But they now
export 40 percent of their smart phones. That is almost double the number from just three years
ago, according to the Hong Kong investment company CLSA.

Huawei is currently the world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple.
According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second- place
Apple and might overtake it later this Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new
facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called
top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such
as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $$1,000. Other Chinese
companies are looking to enter the high-end smart phone market.

（1）What is the text mainly about?

A. Smart phone's manufacturers. B. Apple smart phone's features.

C. Asian phone makers' fast growth. D. Competition among Asian phone makers.

（2）Which is NOT among the top 3 phone makers in the world?

A. TCL. B. Samsung. C. Apple. D. Huawei.

（3）What do we know from the text?

A. Huewei will have overtaken Apple by later 2017. B. Chinese makers' phones with high-end
features cost less.

C. The top-10 smart phones are to enter the high-end competition. D. 40 percent of Asian
smart phones are exported now.

（4）What is the writer's attitude towards Asian phone makers?

A. Doubtful. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，苹果新机“遇冷”，国产手机“争霸”, 亚洲手机制造商
快速发展逼近苹果公司。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge- to-
edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart
phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay
$$1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.”新款
iPhone 8 和 X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已 经在中国的华为、
OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的 售价时，
一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。可以推断出本文主要讲述了亚洲手机
制造商之间的竞争。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Huawei is currently the world's third largest phone
maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company
is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.”可知华为目前是全
球第三大手机厂商，位居三星和苹果之后。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段“The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-
edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart
phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay
$$1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less. ”新款
iPhone 8 和 X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏 幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、
OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为 其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时，
一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。故选B。< br>
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new
facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called
top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such

as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $$1,000. Other Chinese
companies are looking to enter the high-end smartphone market.”这家中国公司甚至在
Facebook上 发布了一则名为《RealAIphone》的视频，取笑苹果公司新的面部识别功能。华
为计划在10 月16日推出该公司顶级的Mate 10 手机。这款手机将具备人工智能功能，例
如即时翻译和图像 识别，售价可能低于1千美元。其它中国公司正在寻求进入高端智能手
机市场。可以推断出作者对亚洲手 机制造商很有信心，对亚洲手机发展前景乐观，故选
C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节 理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上 下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确
答案。


6．阅读理解

When we think of a generation gap we usually think of conflicting tastes in music, or pastimes.
But now the generation gap is handwriting. After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she
had students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on
the Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.

Opponents claim that handwriting has become out of time in our modern world. Typed words
have become a primary form of communication. Once a practical kill handwriting is no longer
used by the vast majority of Americans. It is no longer taught in schools, and some claim that the
time that it would take to teach it could be put to better use, for instance, by teaching the
technical skills.

But even in today's world there are still plenty of reasons to pick up a pen and apply it to paper.
Many American institutions still require original signatures, for instance, signing for a registered
letter and buying a house. And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪造) than
their digital counterparts. There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good for the mind.
It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young children. People
also tend to remember what they write by hand more than what they type, and the process of
writing by hand has been shown to stimulate ideas. Besides, studies have shown that kids who
write by hand learn to read and spell earlier than those who don't. Not to mention, handwriting
is pleasing, as is evidenced by the fact that no one has ever typed a love letter. And handwriting
remains popular as an art form.

Yes, we live in a modern world, but we live in a modern world that is based on fundamental
values.

（1）What did the teacher find in her class?

A. Her students had a big generation gap with her. B. Her handwriting was too terrible to
understand.

C. Some students could not recognize her handwriting on the blackboard. D. Some students
handwriting on the blackboard was too difficult to tell.

（2）Why do some people agree to teach handwriting in school?

A. Handwriting is easy to remember. B. Handwriting is beneficial to the brain.

C. Handwriting can help one buy a house. D. Handwriting is an art form out of time.

（3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Handwriting is widely used in America. B. What people write by hand is not easy to
recognize.

C. Handwriting is emphasized in our modern society. D. Those with good handwriting may
perform better in their studies.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards teaching handwriting in school?

A. Opposed. B. Objective. C. Unconcerned. D. Favorable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论 述了现代社会手写被逐渐忽视，手写的益处和优
点，支持学校教书写的社会现象。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she had
students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on the
Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.”可知 田纳西的一位老师发现她的一些
学生读不出写在黑板的作业，所以选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good
for the mind. It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young
children.”可知手写对大脑有益。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪
造) than their digital counterparts.”可知原始笔迹更难伪造，可知人们手写出来的不易伪造，
所以选D。

(4)考查观点态度。根据作者在第二段第三段陈述的书写有很多好处，可知作 者支持在学校
教书写，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态 度三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象
类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理， 概括归纳，从而选出
正确答案。



7．阅读理解

83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.
As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园)
and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.


water dried up and did not come back,
one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are
going to run out of water.'

With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing
back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way

of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded
by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40
years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a
small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.

As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water,
sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started
making a home there. Today, the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there,
and more species are settling in every year.

are toucans(巨嘴鸟), all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are
returning,
here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.

（1）What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?

A. They wasted much water on farming. B. They focused on short-term profits.

C. They cared much about the environment. D. They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.

（2）What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern?

A. Overpopulation. B. Polluted water. C. Loss of grasslands. D. Water shortage.

（3）What does the underlined word

A. Trap B. Disaster C. Shelter D. Balance

（4）In the last paragraph, Antonio mainly expresses his .

A. affection for his forest B. thanks for his family

C. deep love for rare birds D. pride as a successful farmer

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【 分析】本文是一篇记叙文，83岁的安东尼奥•比森特在他生命的最后40年里一
直在与这种趋势作斗争 ，他努力使童年的丛林恢复生机。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to
make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,”--- What is going
to happen? We are going to run out of water.'”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故
选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to
his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life”，可知年
轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated
50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest,
and a haven for wil dlife.”在最近40年，他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树，目前虽
小但独特的热 带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There are toucans（巨嘴鸟）, all kinds of birds,
squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,” 83-year-old Vicente says. “If you ask me who

my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知
Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。故选A。

【点评】 本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，同 时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


8．阅读理解

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special
techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of
persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable.
One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or
education he has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take
care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician
who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the
country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making
them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of
injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience
will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is
much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when
used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend
try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of
persuasion.

（1）What is the purpose of persuasion?

A. To advise somebody to support you. B. To help someone have special skills.

C. To convince somebody to realize his aim. D. To talk someone into being honest.

（2）What is a speaker's way of convincing the audience to trust him?

A. Pathos. B. Ethos. C. Logos. D. Education.

（3）What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?

A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt. B. Both save people from terrible wars.

C. Both make the audience support them. D. Both persuade people to donate money.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion

C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【 分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的

说服方法： 精神气质，悲情和理性。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you,
just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知说服的目的是劝告一些人
赞成你，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience
that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by
explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.” 可知说话者可以通过介绍自
己的经验以及自己在这个领域所受的教育，也就是Ethos，来让听众相信 他，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an
audience's emotions.”可知一位政治家和一个动物慈善团体的共同之处就是让听众支持他
们，故选C。< br>
（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题句“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just
like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks,
there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.”可知这篇文章主要介绍了劝
说的三个基本方法，故选B。

【点评】本 题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信 息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


9．阅读理解

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise
early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.

一
not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）
development during ageing,Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada.
humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the
point of preventing them.

Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels
in the cages of one group for a period of six four months later—when the rats had
reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a
specific placed in the box,they froze with fear.

Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same
room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a
different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same
percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one
was those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in
both changed box settings.

“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has
influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're

older,Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in
humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.

（1）The study shows that______.

A. physical activity is important for physical health B. using the running wheels is of benefit
to the rats' growth

C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms D. the more exercise a rat
has when young,the better memory it will possess when older

（2）How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes. B. By giving an example.

C. By describing the process. D. By showing differences.

（3）What does the underlined word

A. Exercise. B. Development. C. Benefit. D. Study.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通 过对实验鼠的实验，发现了动物在年轻时运动越
多，老年时的记忆力就越好。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for
the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过
程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究 ，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对
于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的 是具体的身体活动，也就
是锻炼。故选A。

（4）考查观点态度。根据短文中对这项 老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可
见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一
篇 科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括 和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


10．阅读理解

Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out
of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking
over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.

Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief
executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big
part in urban settings.

Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we
believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.

Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while
driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly
sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the
brakes every 10 seconds?

But there's a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but
behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over
in the workplace.

The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs?
A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing
melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co- written by Hank
Human and R-3071 in our future?

Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates.
Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with
the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.

Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in
a landslide.

（1）What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?

A. Tired B. Cautious C. Careful D. Anxious

（2）What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?

A. How passengers behave in it. B. How robot drivers get the license.

C. How they avoid crashing into other car. D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street.

（3）The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s ________.

A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards B. eagerness to listen to songs written by
robots

C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs

（4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Robots will control the world in every field B. Robots are coming but not soon enough

C. Robots are being used in our daily life D. Robots can drive cars and write music

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶 汽车为例，谈论无
人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科 学
技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（1）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”
可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车 看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦
虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。

（2）细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars

will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的
汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。

（3）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据 本
段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会
写出 获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。

（4）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t
available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器 人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概
括了文章内容。故选B。

【点评】议 论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的
分析，最后得出了什么样的 结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关
键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致 的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。