高中英语阅读理解专项练习题-科普知识型阅读理解
腹语教学-慢慢地造句
1.2013四川卷 阅读理解
Fear may be felt in the
heart as well as in the head, according to a study
that has
found a link between the cycles of a
beating heart and the chance of someone feeling
fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found
that they were more likely to feel a sense of
fear at the moment when their hearts are
contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around
their
bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat
is relaxed. Scientists say the
results suggest
that the heart is able to influence how the brain
responds to a fearful
event, depending on
which point it is at in its regular cycle of
contraction and
relaxation.
Sarah
Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical
School said: study
shows for the first time
that the way in which we deal with fear is
different depending
on when we see fearful
pictures in relation to our heart.
The
study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their
reactions to fear as they were
shown pictures
of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, study showed
that fearful
faces are better noticed when the
heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our
hearts can also affect what we see and what we
don't see - and guide whether we see
fear.
To further understand this relationship, the
scientists also used a brain scanner(扫
描仪) to
show how the brain influences the way the heart
changes a person's feeling
of fear.
other to change our feelings and reduce
fear,
ways that it could be reduced, we
may be able to develop more successful treatments
for anxiety disorders, and also for those for
those who may be suffering from serious
stress
disorder.
1. What is the finding of the
study?
A. One's heart affects how he feels
fear. B. fear is a result of one's relaxed
heartbeat.
C. fear has something to do with
one's health. D. One‟s fast heartbeats are
likely to cause fear.
2. The study was carried
out by analyzing _______.
A. volunteers'
heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B.
the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their
health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to
horrible pictures and data form their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and
their heart-brain communication
3. Which of
the following is closest in meaning to
A.
Order. B. System. C. Machine.
D. Treatment.
study may contribute to
_______.
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the sky to the heart-brain
communication
D. understanding different fears
in our hearts and heads
答案:1.A
2.C
3.B 4.A
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2.2013安徽合肥质检
It is a
tall tale that terrifies most young children.
Swallow a piece of chewing
gum and it will
remain in your body for seven years before it is
digested. Or so they
say. An even worse tale
is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your
heart.
But what does happen if you
should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing
gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners,
coloring and flavoring. The gum base is
pretty
indigestible—it is a mixture of different
ingredients（成分）that our body can‟t
use.
Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break
down the gum the way it
would break down other
foods. However, your digestive system has another
way to
deal with things you swallow. After
all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to
fully digest. They keep moving along until
they make it all the way through the
gut
（肠子）and come out at the other end one to
two days later.
The saliva（唾液）in our
mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing
gum
as soon as we put it in our mouths. It
might get through the shell but many of gum's
base ingredients are indigestible. It's then
down to our stomach muscles—which
contract and
relax, much like the way an earthworm moves—to
slowly force the
things that we swallow
through our systems.
Swallowing a huge
piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of
gum in a
short time can cause a blockage
within the digestive system, most often in
children,
who have a thinner digestive tube
than adults—but this is extremely rare.
en might feel terrified after swallowing
chewing gum mainly
because ___________.
A. they believe the tall tales about chewing
gum
B. chewing gum will stay in their body
for many years
C. their heart will be wrapped
by chewing gum
D. chewing gum is indigestible
for children
2. What happens to the food that
can‟t be fully broken down? .
A. It
remains in our digestive system forever
B. It
will be eventually moved out of our body
C. It
will fight against the power of the gut
D. It
will stick to the gut for one or two days
3.
The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to
“___________ ”.
A. the attempt
B. the salvia C. the shell D. the
gum base
4. What would be the best title for
text?
A. How does our digestive system
work?
B. Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?
C. Does swallowing chewing gum matter?
D.
Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?
参考答案: 1.A 2.B 3.B 4. C
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3.2013 江西南昌模拟
“Plants were expected
to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere，but
changes in
temperature，humidity and nutrient availability
seem to have trumped the benefits
of
increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers
from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach
smaller adult sizes than they did in the
researchers point out that warmer temperatures
and changing habitats，caused by climate
change，are possible reasons for the shrinking
of creatures.
“We do not yet know the exact
mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are
getting
smaller while others are unaffected，”
the researchers said.“Until we understand
more，we
could be risking negative
consequences that we can’t yet quantify.”
The change was big in cold-blooded two
decades of warmer temperatures were
enough to
make reptiles (爬行动物) increase of only 1 ℃ caused
nearly a 10 percent
increase in metabolism
(新陈代谢)．Greater use of energy resulted in tiny
tortoises and little
are smaller now
overfishing has played a part in reducing
numbers，
experiments show that warmer
temperatures also stop fish is a recent report on
warmer temperatures’ negative effects on
plankton (浮游生物)，the base of the marine
ecosystem.
Warmblooded animals weren’t
immune from the size change caused by climate
birds are now smaller；Mammals have been
miniaturized sheep are
deer are polar bears
are smaller，compared with historical records.
This isn‟t the first time this has happened in
Earth‟s history. 55 million years ago，a warming
event similar to the current climate change
caused bees，spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75
percent over several thousand event happened
over a longer time than the current
climate
change.
The speed of modern climate change
could mean organisms may not respond or adapt
quickly
enough，especially those with long
generation ，it is likely that more negative
influences
of climate change will be shown in
the future.
1．Which of the
following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why do some species become smaller?
B．How does climate change in Earth‟s history?
C．Climate change has many negative effects
D．Species become smaller as climate warms
2．The underlined word “trumped” in the first
paragraph can be replaced by “________”．
A．increased B．beaten C．strengthened
D．equaled
3．Researchers from the National
University of Singapore believe that________.
A．how
climate change affects animals’ sizes
has not been found clearly
B．all the animals
on the Earth have become smaller
C．too many
studies on animals’ sizes have been done
D．climate change has more negative effects on
warm-blooded animals
4．What can we learn from
the passage?
A．Climate change has even
affected plankton negatively.
B．Birds have
suffered more from climate change than fish.
C．Cold-blooded animals become smaller because
of the lack of food.
D．The warming event has
never happened in Earth’s history before.
参考答案: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4. A 5.A
3
4.2013郑州预测二
If the eyes are the
romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth
are an anthropologist’s ( 人类学家 ) door to the
stomach.
In a study published last month in
the journal Science, Peter Ungar
of the
University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt
Sponheimer of the
University of Colorado, US,
examined the teeth of our early human
ancestors to find out what they were really
eating.
They already knew that different
foods cause different marks on teeth.
Some
cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The
carbon left on
teeth by different foods is
also different. Tropical grasses, for example,
leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave
another kind because they
photosynthesized (
光合作用 ) differently.
Traditionally,
scientists had looked at the size and shape of
teeth
and skulls ( 头骨 ) to figure out what
early humans ate. Big flat teeth
were taken to
be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard
and sharp
teeth seemed good for cutting meat
and leaves. But this was proven wrong.
The
best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our
close cousins,
some of which lived in eastern
Africa. Scientists used to believe
Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they
had big crests(突起)on their
skulls, suggesting
they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If
this
had been true, their teeth should have
been covered with pits like the
surface of the
moon. They would also have had a particular type
of carbon
on their teeth that typically comes
from tree products, such as nuts and
seeds.
However, when the two scientists studied
the Paranthroupus, it turned
out to have none
of these characteristics. The teeth had a
different kind
of carbon, and were covered
with scratches, not pits. This suggests they
probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones.
It was the exact opposite
of what people had
expected to find.
Carbon “foodprints” give
us a completely new and different insight
into
what different species ate and the different
environments they lived
in. If a certain
species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that
came
from grasses, it probably lived in a
tropical grassland, for example.
underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means
that anthropologists can ______.
A. know the
structure of human stomachs by studying their
teeth
B. find out the diet of early humans by
studying their teeth
C. learn whether humans
were healthy by looking at their teeth
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D. get the most useful information
about humans from their teeth
ing to
Paragraphs 3-5，which of the following statements
is true?
A. Pits on teeth are caused by eating
grass or leaves.
B. Scratches on teeth are
caused by eating nuts or seeds.
example
of the Paranthropus was mentioned in order to tell
us ______.
A. they were one of our close
cousins living in eastern Africa
B. living
environment makes a difference to skull structure
C. they had different eating habits from other
humans
D. the size and shape of teeth don’t
show accurately what early humans ate
of
the following structures shows the best
organization of the article?
(CP： Central
Point Para: Paragraph P： Point Sp: Sub-point次要点 C:
Conclusion)
参考答案: 1.B
2.C 3.D 4. A
5
5---2014预测
Global Positioning Systems are now a part of
everyday driving in many
countries. These
satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn
directions to help people
get to where they
want to go. But they can also cause a lot of
problems, sending you
to the wrong place or
leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver
is to blame.
Sometimes a GPS error is
responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a
combination of the two.
Barry Brown is
with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden.
The
center studies human-computer interaction,
or HCI, especially communications
involving
wireless devices. We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype.
He told us about an
incident involving a
friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern
United States.
There he borrowed a GPS-
equipped car to use during his stay.
Barry
Brown: “And they just plugged in an address and
then set off to their
destination. And, then
it wasn‟t until they were driving for thirty
minutes until they
realized they actually put
in a destination back on the West Coast where they
lived.
They actually put their home address
in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in
garbage out'.”
Mr Brown says this is a
common human error. But, he says, what makes the
problem worse has to do with some of the
shortcomings, or failures, of GPS
equipment.
Barry Brown: “One problem with many GPS units
is they have a very small
screen and they just
tell you the next turn. Because they just give you
the next turn,
sometimes that means that it is
not really giving you the overview that you would
need to know that it‟s going to the wrong
place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a
professor with the University of California,
San Diego. While there, he worked on a project
with Eric Laurier from the University
of
Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS
devices on driving by placing
cameras in
people‟s cars. They wrote a paper based on their
research. It is called “The
Normal, Natural
Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
Barry Brown:
“One of the things that struck us, perhaps the
most important
thing was that you have to know
what you‟re doing when you use a GPS. There are
these new skills that people have developed.
There are these new competencies that
you need
to have to be able to use a GPS because they
sometimes go wrong.”
Barry Brown says this
goes against a common belief that GPS systems are
for passive
drivers who lack navigational
skills.
“The Normal, Natural Troubles of
Driving With GPS” lists several areas where
GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers.
These include maps that are outdated,
6
incorrect or difficult to understand.
They also include timing issues related to when
GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says
to make GPS systems better we need a better
understanding
of how drivers, passengers and
GPS systems work together.
1. What is the
best title for this passage?
A. Is GPS system
reliable to use?
B. What is the use of GPS?
C. How to make the most of GPS?
D. Blame!
GPS or Passengers?
2. What is the
implication of the underlined part?
A. GPS is
just a garbage device.
B. GPS will not correct
human errors.
C. GPS adjusts your wrong
destination.
D. GPS is just as smart as human
beings.
3. Which is NOT mentioned as a
GPS shortcoming in the passage?
A. Small
screen. B. Timing of commands.
C. Outdated
maps. D. Dear cameras GPS uses.
4.
According to the passage, people commonly believe
that _____.
A. you have to know where to go
when using GPS
B. you need to have new
competencies to use GPS well
C. GPS is proper
for drivers with little sense of direction
D.
GPS is fit for people having good understanding of
maps
参考答案: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.
C
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6--2014预测
Have you
ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots
downwards? Why do
plants always seem to turn
towards the light and climbing plants run up
rather than
down? The answer is simple:
auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls
growth
in plants.
Auxin gives away
its secrets
Auxin is a plant hormone(激素).
Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th
century. Only in recent years, however, has
the hormone started to give away its
secrets,
thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is
produced in the young,
growing parts of plants
and then transported throughout the plant—to a
lowlying
stem for example. The stem needs to
straighten out as soon as possible to be able
to absorb the topside, resulting in the
underside growing faster and the stem
straightening out. For the same reason, plants
in front of windows will always turn
to the
light. This active regulation of auxin transport
allows plants to take ideal
advantage of local
and changing conditions.
A new means of
transport for auxin
The transport of auxin
through the plant plays a vital role. And, from
all
appearances, it is not a simple matter.
The researchers identified an important new
link and means of transport for auxin: PILS
proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are
vital for
auxindependent plant growth and adjust the
intracellular(细胞内
的)storage of the hormone. It
is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin
that seems functionally important for the
various developmental processes.
Growing
crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin
in the right place
Higher auxin levels at
the right moment and in the right place result in
better
growth and greater harvest. Better
adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow
more efficiently. The researchers hope to
contribute to the development of more
efficient growing processes by continuing to
sort out auxin transport processes.
of the
following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?
A. It helps the plant to bend at the right
places while growing.
B．It prevents the
roots of plants from growing faster.
C．It is
no use when the surroundings have changed.
D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster
than the topside.
Paragraph 3 we know that
________
A. the researchers are not so sure
if the transport for auxin is a new one
B．the levels of auxin remain the same during the
growing processes of plants
C．PILS proteins
delay the growth of plants
D．PILS proteins
play an important part in the transport of auxin
3．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers
got their results mainly by ________.
A.
referring to Darwin's theory B．observing
plants straightening
C．doing intensive
molecular research D．watching plants in
different places
4．Which of the following can
be the best title for this passage?
A. Why
Plants Grow towards the Light? B．Darwin's Dream
Has Come True
C．How Did Scientists Find Out
the Secret? D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants
参考答案: 1.D 2.D 3.C 4. A
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