(完整版)英语专业毕业论文范本
奥数之家-嘿孩子电视剧
本科毕业论文
中文题目:图式理论在提高中国学生英语阅读能力
中的作用
外文题目:The Function of Schema Theory in
Improving the Chinese Students’ EFL
Reading Ability
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四川外语学院教务处制
论宗教在地区冲突中的角色
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摘要:二战结束以后,世界范围的战争彻底结束了。战后,世界经济得到迅猛发展,几次工业革命正在不断改变和提高着人们的生活。然而,在看似平静和
繁荣的全球背景之下,
在各个地区的力量中心依旧战火不断。这引来了学术界
的激烈争论,最著名的当属以《文明冲突论》的作
者亨廷顿为代表的学派。该
派学者认为,冷战结束后,由于对宗教和传统文化的狂热追求和强烈的文化归
属感,地区冲突的主要原因已不再是政治,经济,军事或外交,而是以宗教为
划分基础的文明之
间的冲突。然而笔者认为,事实并非如此。
论文首先从理论的角度分析了各大宗教派别信仰的相似之处
,即和平、
包容,证明宗教本身共存的可能性。随后作者阐述了伊斯兰教的特征及原教旨
主义运
动的发展,论述了激进组织和极端分子不应被视为宗教的代表,甚至从
某种意义上说,不能被认为是宗教
的一部分。最后,本文又通过透彻的案例分
析对产生当前各主要地区冲突(如伊朗问题,巴以冲突等)的
原因进行分析,
说明了军事和经济等因素在地区冲突中所占位置。由此作者得出结论,宗教是
地
区冲突的原因之一,但并非主要原因。
通过本文的写作,笔者表达了对当前流行的文明冲突派观点的不
赞同,希望经过深入的分析和细致的举例,达到证明宗教并非冲突之
源的目的。事实是,宗教是
我们人类历史的灿烂瑰宝,应与以保护,
并不断使之发扬光大。
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关键词:宗教;文明冲突;极端分子;地区冲突根源
On the Role of Religion in
Regional Conflicts
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Abstract
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Since the end of the Second World
War, the world economy
greatly developed.
However, under the background of global
prosperity, regional conflicts and wars are
still going on. This leads to
the intense
controversy among scholars. The most influential
party is
represented by Samuel P. Huntington,
who states 1996. These
scholars believe
after Cold War, politics, or economy is no longer
the
root of conflicts. Instead, due to the
global enthusiasm towards
religions and
civilizations and the increasing senses of
cultural
belonging, clash between religion-
based civilizations becomes the
main cause.
But, the author believes on the contrary.
In
the first part of the paper, the author
theoretically compares
the similarities of the
faiths of some major religions and then provides
evidence to show that extremists cannot be
taken as representatives,
even part of
religions. Then, through case studies, the author
explain
in detail many other causes involved
in some current one.
In this paper, the
author expresses the thoughts in Clash of
Civilizations and the basis of them, are
precious parts of our us is
to further
develop religions, rather than blame, diminish
them.
Key words: religion; Clash of
Civilizations; root; regional conflicts
Acknowledgements
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First and foremost, I would like to express
my
………………………………………………………………………….
..1
I. A Brief Review of Functional
Equivalence………………………………………...2
A.
Definition of Functional
Equivalence
……………………………………….3
B. Different
Functions…………………………………………………………..4
C. Aims
and
Targets………………………………………………………….…5
II. A
Brief Review of Advertisement Translation from
English to
Chinese……….…6
A. Targets and
Principles of Advertisement
Translation………………………..7
B. Requirements
for Advertisement
Translation………………………………..9
C. Cultural Elements in Advertisement
Translation……………………………11
III.
Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese
in Light of
Functional
Equivalence……………………………………………………………
………...13
A. The Differences
Between Two
Languages………………………….………15
B.
Functional Equivalence in English Advertisement
Translation………….....17
Conclusion………………………
……………………………….………..
………...19
Notes………………………………………………………………………
………...20 <
br>Bibliography………………………………………………………………
………...2
4
On Advertisement
Translation from English to Chinese in
Light
of Functional Equivalence
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Introduction
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In our daily life,
we always see or the radio, billboards,
magazines, newspaper and so on. The
translation of advertisement
plays an
important role in the cultural exchanges of
different
countries. After entering WTO, China
faced with fiercer
competition, so the
advertisement elegant style. It can easily
encourage people to buy the goods. Therefore,
a good translation of
an advertisement is also
important to promote the sales of the goods
in
the country of the target language.
Most
translators may be familiar with the theory of
functional
equivalence which is systematically
illustrated by Eugene A. Nida. It
is stated
primarily in terms of a comparison of the way in
which the
original receptors understood and
appreciated the text and the way in
which
receptors of the translated text understand and
appreciate the
translated text.
1
That
is to say, the adequacy of translations is judged
on the basis of the correspondence in lexicon
and grammar between
the source and target
languages.
Functional equivalence is a
powerful weapon for information
exchange. The
translation work which follows the principles of
functional equivalence is much easier to
understand.
However,
functional equivalence is very abstract to most
people.
In order to make it clear, this paper
chooses advertisement
translation to analyze
its every aspect. Due to the differences between
English and Chinese, the advertisement
translation from English to
Chinese should be
undertaken in different translation techniques
with the guidance of functional
equivalence.
I. A Brief Review
of Functional Equivalence
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The
similarity of the thoughts of beings determines
that the
similarities are more than the
differences between English and Chinese.
The
equivalence of languages makes it possible to
convert the source
language into the target
language. However, the convert is not just a
process to translate the words from one
language to another language.
Translation
should be a task to recur the information of the
original work
in a most natural way. That is
to say, translation should rebuild the
surficial forms of the original information,
convert the views of expression
and replace
the meaning of the original work with the meaning
of the
translated work. Therefore, equivalence
is the most important basis for
translation.
The translated work can be of . The reason is that
English and
Chinese their forms, grammars,
sentence structures and so on. Therefore,
in
the process of translation, to convey the
information of the original work
is the focus
and the most difficult part. After all, the
receptors of the
translated work expect to
know the content of the original work.
Functional equivalence also emphasizes the
cultural elements. If a
translated work does
not reflect the cultural elements of the original
work,
it must be a failure. Therefore, the
translator should be bilingual and
bicultural.
Nida always may agree with concept is
often affected by the
grammar and sentence
structure. Functional equivalence is a powerful
weapon for the translators to overcome these
barriers. Functional
equivalence can fall into three parts. First,
the word classes replace the
traditional parts
of speech to describe the semantic relations of
the words.
Second, the concept of kernel
sentence and the concept of sentence
transformation can overcome the restriction of
syntax to a translator.
Third, isomorphism can
overcome the barriers caused by the social and
cultural differences.
3
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A. Definition of Functional Equivalence
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A maximal, ideal definition
could be stated as “The readers of a
translated text should be able to understand
and appreciate it in essentially
the same
manner as the original readers did.”
4
A minimal, realistic definition of functional
equivalence
could be stated as “The readers of
a translated text should be
able to comprehend
it to the point that they can conceive of
the
1950s, for example, while Ellington was still
alive,
Raymond Horricks compared … which it
subsists…. Ellington
since the mid-1930s
engaged upon extending both the
imagery and
the formal construction of written jazz.
6
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Ellington’s earliest attempt to move
beyond the three-minute limit
recieved …
Figures in literature are either flat
characters (one dimensional
figures, figures
with simple personalities) or round characters
(complex
figures). The characters described in
the first chapter of The Great Gatsby
can well be regarded as flat:
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I never saw this great-uncle, but
I’m supposed to look like
father’s office.
I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a
quarter of a
century after my father, and a
little later I participated in that
delayed
Teutonic migration known as the Great War.
7
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However, F. Scott
Fitzgerald succeeds in changing these flat figures
into round ones through -depth
characterization.
B. Different Functions
The theory of functional equivalence involves
nine functions:
expressive, cognitive,
interpersonal, informative…
…
Conclusion
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With the rapid
development of the international trade,
advertisement
indispensable part in our life.
To some extent, it the aspect of consuming.
No doubt, we are now living in the age of
advertisement. Therefore, to
translate a good
and effective advertisement is increasingly
important for
attracting the potential
customers and promoting the sale of the products
in the international market.
Since Chinese
and English are two quite different languages, the
translation from English to Chinese is not an
easy task. The translator
should learn well
the cultural and social background of the original
work,
the differences of their sentence
structures and also their . Although there
are
so many differences between the two languages, the
functions of all the
languages are the same.
That is to name the reality and to communicative
with the people. It is just the basis for the
translation from English to
Chinese.
Functional equivalence indeed provides the
translators an easier way
to finish a
translation work. It benefits the advertisement
translation, and
also gives a direction for
other kinds of translation, especially the
pragmatic texts, because its main target is to
guide the translators to retell
the
information of the original work as much as
possible and to represent
the information of
the original work is just the target of the
pragmatic
texts.
Through a relative
thorough analysis of functional equivalence and
advertisement translation, the readers of the
essay may . The readers may
appreciate the advantages of functional
equivalence in the process of
advertisement
translation. Functional equivalence . That is the
forms and
structures of the language of the
original work. Advertisement translation
exchange, but also for encouraging the
customers to buy the products. This
is the
ultimate aim of advertisement translation.
Therefore, the translators
should not only
express the accurate meaning of the original work,
but also
pay attention to the diction of words
and the cultural elements. The
translation
work will fail to realize its aims if it neglects
the cultural
elements such as the tradition,
customs and this essay may give the
readers a
little enlightenment.
Notes
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1
Eugene A
Nida,
Language, Culture and Translating (Shanghai:
转引自叶子南著,《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》,北京:清华大学出
Shanghai
Foreign Language Education Press, 1993), 116.
2
版社,2001年,第164页。
3
4
5
叶子南,第164页。
Eugene A. Nida, 117.
Ibid.,
118.
Eugene A. Nida, Toward a Science of
Ttranslating (Leiden: E.J. Brill,
……
11
1964), 166.
12
Larry A. Samovar,
Richard E Porter and Lisa A. Stefani.
Communication between Cultures (Beijing:
Foreign Language Teaching and
Research Press,
2000), 60.
13
转引自靳涵身编著,《诗型广告翻译研究》,成都:四川大学出版社,
2004年,
第228页。
14
15
16
17
靳涵身, 第229页。
靳涵身, 第228页。
靳涵身, 第228页。
贾德江,《英汉语对比研究与翻译》,长沙:国防科技大学出版社,
2002年,第117页。
18
转引自贾德江,《英汉语对比研究与翻译》,长沙:国防科技大学出
版社,20
02年,第130页。
19
Eugene A. Nida,
Translation: Applications and Research (New York:
Gardner Press, 1976), 48.
20
Ibid., 50.
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