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小议高级英语议论文的写作套路与写作实践

1 引言

大学英语专业的高级英语写作是一门重要的实践课程，是在巩
固低年级阶段写作技能的基础 上，进一步提高学生的英语写作技能，
由句子和段落过渡到高年级阶段的整篇文章的撰写。其教学重点是 从
实际应用出发，教授学生如何用英语写好记叙文(Narration)、描写文
(Desc ription)、说明文(Exposition)以及议论文(Argumentation)，并在此基础上，掌握撰写毕业论文(ResearchPaper)的基本技能。(杨俊峰，1999)
如 何有效地在写作课上培养学生的英语写作技能呢?不同的文体有不
同的要求。经过多年的教学实践，我们 摸索出一套可行的方法：范文
分析得套路，写作实践练技能。下面小议高级英语说明文(Exposit ion)
以及议论文(Argumentation)的写作套路及写作实践。

2 范文分析

学习高级英语议论文写作应从范文分析开始。范文 分析的目的
就是帮助学生了解英语文章的结构，找出普遍规律，得到写作套路并
进行模仿练习。 请看罗素写的一篇文章：

WhatIHaveLivedfor
Three passions，simple but over whe lmingly strong，have govemed

mylife：the longing for love，the search for knowledge，and unbearable
pityfor the suffering ofmankind，These passions，like great winds，have
blownmehitheran dthither,inawaywardcourseoveradeepoccanofanguish，< br>rc-aching to the very verge ofdespaff，
I have Sought love，first，because it brings ecstasy- ecstasy so
greatthatl would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few
hours for thisjoy，I have souught it，next，because it relieves
loneliness-that terrible Ion-eliness in which one shivering consciousness
looks over the rim ofthe worldinto the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss，I
have sought it，finaly becausEin the union oflove I have seen，in a mystic
miniature，the prefiguring visionof the heaven that saints and poets have
imagined，Thisis whatI Sought，andthough it might seem too good for
human life，this is what-at last-havefound，
With equal passion I have sought knowledge，I have wished to
under-stand the hearts ofmen，I have wished t6 know why the stars shine，
And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number
holds sway above the flux，A little ofthis，but not much，I have achieved，
Love and knowledge，so far as they were possible，led upward
towardthe heavens，But always pity brought me back t0 earth，Echoes of
cries of pare reverberate in my hcart，Children in famine，victims tortured
by op- pressors，helpless old people a hated burden to their sons，and the
wholeworld of loneliness，poveng and pain make a mockery ofwhat

human lifeshould be，I long to alleviate the evil，but I cannot，and I too
suffer，
This has been my life，I have found it worth living，and would
gladiylive it again ifthe chance were offered me，
罗素的这篇文章，共5个自然段。据整篇文 章的意思，全文可
分为三部分：第一部分开头部分(Introduction)为第1自然段，作者开
宗明义地提出：What I Have Lived for的三个方面：Three passions have
govemed my life：the longing for love，the search for knowledge，and
unbearablepity for the suffering ofmankind，即文章的论点(thesis
statement )。第二部分发展部分(Bedy Paragraphs)为第2-4自然段，每
一段论述一个方面：第2段论述the longing for love；第3段论述the
search forknowledge；第4段论述unbearable pity for the suffering
ofmankind。第三部分结尾部分(Concludingparagra ph)为第5段，得出
结论：Thishas been my life，I have found it worth living，and would
gladly live it againif the chancewere offeredme。

3 得出套路

罗素的这篇文章是一篇结构相当完整的说明文，是学生高年级
阶段