英语专业毕业论文APA格式范例
创业压力-新白蛇传主题曲
Citation Style for Research Papers
APA
Turabian
MLA
Chicago
AMA
Which should
you use?
Ask each of your teachers which
style they want you to use. If they have no
preference, you can use
any or follow these
guidelines:
APA: psychology, education, and other social
sciences.
MLA: literature, arts, and
humanities.
AMA: medicine, health, and
biological sciences.
Turabian: designed for
college students to use with all subjects.
Chicago: used with all subjects in the
other non-scholarly publications.
The
complete hardcopy style manuals are kept on
reserve in the Reference Department. These
contain examples about citing a wider variety
of sources than these web pages do, as well as
other
things you may need to know, such as
margins, font size, etc.
Additional Online
Style Guides:
Research and Documentation
Online: Adapted from the book Research and
Documentation
in the Electronic Age by Diana
Hacker (Boston, MA : BedfordSt. Martin's, 2006),
this site
provides examples of citation style,
parenthetical references, manuscript format, and
completed papers for the MLA, APA, Chicago,
and CSE (Council of Science Editors) styles.
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Created by
the English Department at Purdue University,
this site covers all aspects of the academic,
business, and creative writing processes (grammar,
punctuation, style, rhetoric, outlines, etc.),
along with the MLA and APA styles (the latter with
sample papers) and annotated bibliographies.
Citation Management Tools:
RefWorks is
a web-based bibliography and database manager that
allows users to create their
own personal
database by importing references from text files
or online databases. They can
use these
references in writing their papers and
automatically format the paper and the
bibliography in seconds.
o Select
password.
EndNote Web works with ISI
Web of Knowledge and other databases to enable
users to
save, organize, format, and share
their lists of citations.
o Click on the
Robert Delaney.
y@
http:
2010-6-21
APA Citation
Style
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, 6
th
edition
(first printing)
,
2010
Follow
these color codes:
Author(s) Date Title
of Book Title of Article Title of Periodical
Volume Pages Place of Publication Publisher
Other Information
Journal Article:
paginated by issue, online and hardcopy [See the
discussion of DOI in the notes
below]
Devine, P. G., & Sherman, S. J. (1992).
Intuitive versus rational
judgment
and the role of stereotyping in the human
condition: Kirk
or Spock?
Psychological Inquiry, 3(2), 153-159. doi:10.1207
s15327965pli0302_13
Journal
Article:
paginated by volume, from a database
or website without a DOI [See the
discussion
of DOI in the notes below]
Hodges, F. M.
(2003). The promised planet: Alliances and
struggles of
the gerontocracy in
American television science fiction of the 1960s.
The Aging Male, 6, 175-182.
Retrieved from http:aworld
.comTheAgingMale
Magazine Article
Mershon, D. H. (1998, NovemberDecember). Star
trek on the brain:
Alien minds,
human minds. American Scientist, 86(6), 585.
Newspaper Article
Di Rado, A. (1995,
March 15). Trekking through college: Classes
explore modern society using the world of
Star trek. Los Angeles
Times,
pp. A3, A20-A22.
[Newspaper website that
does not include page numbers. The square brackets
show that this
is a review.]
Ebert, R.
(2009, May 6). [Review of the motion picture Star
trek,
produced by Paramount, 2009].
Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved from
http:
Books
Okuda, M., & Okuda,
D. (1993). Star trek chronology: The history
of the future. New York, NY: Pocket
Books.
[Book with no author; see notes]
Star trek: Four generations of stars, stories,
and strange new worlds.
(1995).
Radnor, PA: News America Publications.
Book Article or Chapter
James, N. E.
(1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth
according
to Kirk and Spock. In D.
Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic
(pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Encyclopedia Article
Sturgeon, T.
(1995). Science fiction. In L. T. Lorimer et al.
(Eds.), The
encyclopedia Americana
(Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.
ERIC Document
Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993).
Sibling communication in Star trek: The next
generation: Conflicts between brothers.
Retrieved from ERIC
database.
(ED364932)
Websites:
[see notes
below]
Epsicokhan, J. (2004, February
20). Confessions of a closet trekkie.
Retrieved October 12, 2009, from Jammer's Reviews
website:
http:
[Page with
a corporate author and the name of the website is
the same as the name of the
author.]
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2009, May 28). NASA
astronaut
watches new Star trek movie in space. Retrieved
from
http:sion_pagesstationbehindscenesstar_trek
.html
[Page with a corporate
author and the name of the website is different
from the name of the
author.]
National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory. (2007, May
10). Mission could seek out Spock's home
planet. Retrieved from PlanetQuest: Exoplanet
Exploration website:
http:
[Page with a no author.]
The Roddenberry
legacy of human potential: If only, if only.
(2007,
October 24). Retrieved
January 7, 2009, from Star Trek Official Site
website: http:rtrekviewnewseditorials
Wiki
Star trek
planet classifications. (n.d.). In Wikipedia.
Retrieved January 7,
2009, from
http:iStar_Trek_planet
_classifications
Blog
Zompist.
(2009, September 30). Star wars: Hope not so new
anymore
[Web log message].
Retrieved from http:
20090930star-wars-hope-not-so-new-anymore
Internet Video
Crusade2267. (2006,
November 02). For the uniform: One fan's
obsession with Star trek, part 1 [Video file].
Retrieved from http:
ch?v=ul5q4PTME-M
PowerPoint
Presentation
Oard, D. W. (2001). Bringing
Star trek to life: Computers that speak and
listen [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved
from University of Maryland
TerpConnect website: http:~oardpapers
Parenthetical References
The
sources that you use should be cited in the text
of your paper, either in a parentheses or as part
of
the text itself:
During the
turbulent 1960s, science fiction programs on
television
reflected the public's attitudes
toward the older generation (Hodges,
2000).
Hodges (2000) discussed how, during the
turbulent 1960s, science fiction
programs on
television reflected the public's attitudes toward
the older
generation.
In a 2000 article,
Hodges discussed how, during the turbulent 1960s,
science fiction programs on television
reflected the public's attitudes
toward the
older generation.
The references above
refer to the entire source in a general way. If
you are referring to a specific part of
the
source - or quoting exactly - include the specific
page number(s) of that part:
(Hodges, 2000,
p. 179)
(Devine & Sherman, 1992, pp.
156-157)
(National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory,
2007, para. 3)
[document has a corporate
author]
(, 2007, paras. 5-6)
[document
has no author; see
notes]
(Star Trek:
Four Generations, 1995, pp. 63-66)
[document
has no author; see
notes]
(, n.d.,
Other Classes section, para.
2)
[document has no author; see notes]
Sources
with three through five authors:
(Kirk,
Spock, McCoy, & Scott, 1966, p. 1701)
[for
the first time you cite it]
(Kirk et al.,
1966, p. 1701)
[for all other times you cite
it]
Sources with six authors or more:
(Picard et al., 1987, p. 1701d)
[for
every time you cite it, but include up to seven
authors in the full reference. If there are
more, include the first six, followed by an
ellipse (...)
followed by the last of the
names.]
Notes
Doublespace all lines. Indent the second and
following lines 5 to 7 spaces or one half inch.
Use
one inch margins and Times New Roman
12-point font. Do not justify.
Arrange the
items on your reference list alphabetically by the
author's last name, letter by
letter,
interfiling books, articles, etc. Items with no
author are interfiled in this list by the first
significant word of the title.
Use only the initials of the authors' first
(and middle) names.
If no author is given,
start with the title and then the date. Note that
some authors on the
internet use a screen name
instead of their real name and that an
organization can also be an
author (a
corporate author
Article titles,
book titles, and webpage titles: capitalize only
the first word of the title and
subtitle.
(Capitalize all significant words of periodical
titles and website titles.)
If the journal
(or magazine) begins each issue with page one
(paginated by issue), include the
issue number
(not italicized) if one is provided. If the
journal continues the page numbering
from
issue to issue throughout the volume (paginated by
volume), do not include it.
DOI: Digital
Object Identifier is a string of numbers (andor
letters) assigned to individual
journal
articles as well as to some other publications.
Include the DOI for articles
that you retrieve both online and in hardcopy.
The database may provide the DOI as part of
the citation, or you may have to look at
the
top or bottom of the first page of the article to
find it.
If a document has a DOI, then you do
not need to include a website address (URL) or
other retrieval information. Your readers can
go to http: and use the DOI
to locate the
article.
If you retrieve an article online
or from a database, and it does not have a DOI,
include the URL of the journal's homepage at
the publisher's website (not the direct
link
to the article). You may have to use a search
engine to find this website. If the URL
to the
journal's homepage is too long and complicated,
use the URL of the publisher's
homepage. This
is a judgment call that you will have to make. Do
not include the
database's name or URL instead
(unless you are accessing a dissertation, an ERIC
document, or an older article from JSTOR).
Older hardcopy journals will not
have a DOI, and it can be left out.
If you
retrieve an online magazine, newspaper, book, or
encyclopedia from one of our
databases,
include the DOI or URL as discussed above and as
shown under the examples for
journals.
Websites:
If no author is given,
start with the title and then the date. Note that
some authors on
the internet use a screen name
instead of their real name and that an
organization
can also be an author (a
corporate author
If possible,
include the month and day that the page was
created.
If a webpage is likely to change
over time, such as a wiki or personal website,
include
the date that you looked at the page.
Webpages that provide journal articles, books,
or reports from publishing companies,
professional associations, and government
agencies are less likely to change and do not
require retrieval dates. This is also a
judgment call that you will have to make. The
format for including a retrieval date
comes
from the APA Style Guide to Electronic References,
2007.
If the date the page was
created is not given, use (n.d.). See example
under wiki.
If the name of the website is the
same as the name of the author, you do not need to
include it a second time. This is especially
likely to happen with the websites for
government agencies and professional
associations (see the examples for National
Aeronautics and Space Administration). If the
name of the website is obvious from the
URL,
you do not need to include it (another judgment
call).
If the URL
does not fit on one line, divide it before any
punctuation marks (except for
the http:
If
you are citing the web version of a hardcopy
source, format it the same way that you
would
the hardcopy source and include the relevant
retrieval information.
The example for citing
a PowerPoint presentation is adapted from the APA
Style Guide
to Electronic References, 2007.
Parenthetical References:
If there is
no author, use the first few words of the title.
Unlike citations in the
reference list,
capitalize all significant words. Article,
chapter, and webpage titles
are placed in
quotation marks. Book, periodical, report, and
brochure titles are
placed in italics. Note
that an organization can also be an author (a
corporate
author
end even though it is in
quotation marks here.)
If two
authors have the same last name, include the first
initial(s).
Use only the year, even if the
full citation in the reference list includes the
month and
day. If you cite the same source a
second time in the same paragraph, you do not
need to mention the year a second time.
If there are no page numbers, you can
count the paragraph numbers or list the name
of a section or leave this information out if
neither of these is practical.
The rules
concerning a title within a title are not
displayed above in order to avoid confusing
people. In these examples, Star trek would be
italicized if it appears in the non-italicized
title of
an article and not italicized if it
appears in the italicized title of a book (reverse
italicization). See
the example for Ebert
under newspaper.
A little bit of
additional information is available on the
official website, APA .
For documents and
situations not listed here, see the printed
version of the manual. If you are
still
unsure, Timothy McAdoo, on the official APA Style
website, discusses The Flexibility of
APA
Style:
Publication Manual are meant to
ensure consistency within scientific writing, we
also recognize
the importance of a writer's
good judgment. The trick is knowing when it's okay
to do your own
thing. It's even trickier when
you know someone may be reading your paper with a
red pen in
hand!... If you've mastered the
fine points of APA Style throughout a manuscript,
your choices
will be recognized as careful
decisions, not oversights. So be sure to display
your in-depth
knowledge of APA Style in all
other areas of your paper.
Robert Delaney,
32210
y@
MLA Citation Style
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers,
7
th
edition
Follow these color
codes:
Author(s)
Place of
Publication
Title of Book or
Website
Publisher or
Database
Title of
Article
Date
Title of
Volume
Periodical
Other
Pages
Information
Journal Article
[Hardcopy]
Devine, Patricia G., and Steven
J. Sherman.
Judgment and the Role of
Stereotyping in the Human Condition:
Kirk or Spock?Psychological Inquiry 3.2 (1992):
153-59. Print.
[From a Website]
Hodges, F. M.
Gerontocracy in
American Television Science Fiction of the 1960s.
Aging Male 6.3 (2003): 175-82. Web.
18 Feb. 2010.
[From a Database]
Roberts, Robin.
Gender in Star
Trek: The olation 42.4 (2001):
340-56. Literature Resource Center. Web. 25 Feb.
2010.
Newspaper Article
[See examples under
printed article]
Di Rado, Alicia.
Society Using the
World of Star Angeles Times 15 Mar.
1995: A3+. Print.
[Specialized article:
Movie review - the review information can be
replaced with Editorial,
Letter, etc.]
Dargis, Manohla. Rev. of Star Trek, dir. J. J.
Abrams.
New York Times 8 May 2009,
sec. C: 1+. Print.
[Material available
only on the website and not in the print version]
Lyall, Sarah. New York
Times.
New York Times, 27 Jan. 2008. Web. 25 Feb. 2010.
Magazine Article
[See
examples under
printed article]
[See
examples under
Mershon, Donald H. Star Trek on
the Brain: Alien Minds, Human
an
Scientist Nov.-Dec. 1998: 585. Print.
Book
[Hardcopy]
Okuda, Michael,
and Denise Okuda. Star Trek Chronology: The
History
of the Future. New York:
Pocket, 1993. Print.
[No author or
editor]
Vulcan Reflections: Essays on Spock
and His World. Baltimore: T-K
Graphics, 1975. Print.
[From a Database
or Website]
Anijar, Karen. Teaching Toward the
24th Century : Star Trek as Social
Curriculum. New York: Falmer-Taylor, 2000. Ebrary.
Web. 1 Mar.
2010.
Book Article or Chapter
James, Nancy
E.
Kirk and um of the Fantastic. Ed.
Donald Palumbo.
Westport: Greenwood,
1988. 219-23. Print.
Encyclopedia
Article
[Widely used general reference
books - Hardcopy]
Sturgeon, Theodore. The
Encyclopedia Americana.
International ed. 1995. Print.
[Specialized reference books - from a
Database]
Barr, Marleen S. New Dictionary of
the History of
Ideas. Ed. Maryanne
Cline Horowitz. Vol. 5. Detroit: Scribner's, 2005.
Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web.
1 Mar. 2010.
Gale Reference Book
(and Literature Criticism Online database)
[For books featuring reprinted articles. This
shows a magazine article. Use the journal,
newspaper, or book article styles as needed.]
Shayon, Robert Lewis. Saturday Review
17 June 1967: 46. Rpt. in Contemporary
Literary Criticism. Ed.
Sharon R.
Gunton. Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale, 1981. 403.
Literature
Criticism Online. Web. 1
Mar. 2010.
Websites
Epsicokhan, Jamahl. Jammer's
Reviews. N.p., 20 Feb. 2004. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.
[Page with a corporate author]
United States. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory.
Quest: Exoplanet
Exploration. NASA, 10 May 2007.
Web. 15 Mar. 2010.
[Page with no author]
Star
Trek Official Site. CBS
Studios, 24 Oct. 2007. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.
Blog
Zompist. Star Wars: Hope Not
So New t's E-Z Rant
Page. , 30 Sept.
2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
[Comment posted
on a blog or webpage]
Rachael. Reply to
Jamahl
Epsicokhan. Jammer's Reviews.
N.p., 5 Aug. 2009. Web. 25 Mar.
2010.
Wiki
Star dia: The
Free Encyclopedia.
Wikimedia
Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.
Internet Video
Crusade2267. Star
Trek,
Part Warped Mind of a Crazy
Trekkie: Crusade2267's
Channel.
YouTube, 2 Nov. 2006. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
Schnell, Jason, dir. Twilight Fan:
Harry Potter vs. ss
Tortuga's
Channel. YouTube, 8 June 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
[Clip from a movie]
Star Trek 2009
Deleted Scene with Nero and . J. J.
Abrams. Paramount, 2009. On Screen:
Finalfrontier1701's Channel.
YouTube. Web. 24 Mar. 2010.
PowerPoint Presentation
(and other digital
files such as Word documents, PDF, etc.)
Oard, Douglas W. Star Trek to Life: Computers
That Speak
and Listen.U of Maryland.
Coll. of Information Studies, 3 Apr. 2001.
TerpConnect. U of Maryland. Office of
Information Technology.
Microsoft
PowerPoint file. 21 Mar. 2010.
ERIC
Document
Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn.
Sibling Communication in Star Trek: The Next
Generation: Conflicts between Brothers.
Miami: Speech
Communication Assn.,
1993. ERIC. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.
Parenthetical References
The sources
that you use should be cited in the text of your
paper, either in a parentheses or as part of
the text itself:
During the turbulent
1960s, science fiction programs on television
reflected the public's attitudes toward the
older generation (Hodges 179).
Hodges
discussed how, during the turbulent 1960s, science
fiction
programs on television reflected the
public's attitudes toward the older
generation
(179).
Put the parentheses before a
period, semicolon, or comma in order to avoid
disrupting the flow of the
sentence. If you
are referring to the entire source in a general
way, you may leave out the page
numbers.
(Devine and Sherman 156-57)
(Kirk, Spock, and McCoy 1701)
(Vulcan Reflections 63-66)
[Book with no
author]
Longer titles should be shortened to
the first word or two.
()
[Article or
web page with no author and with no page
numbers]
(US, NASA, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory)
[Document with a corporate
author and
no page numbers]
Use standard
abbreviations for words in long names if they
exist. Place commas between units
instead of
periods. MLA prefers that you incorporate lengthy
names into the text (without
abbreviations)
and place only the page numbers (if any) in
parentheses.
Notes
(for the Sixth
edition; notes for the Seventh edition are under
construction.)
Arrange the items on your
reference list alphabetically by author,
interfiling books, articles,
etc.
Doublespace all lines.
Indent the second
and following lines 5 spaces (or one half inch).
If no author is given, start with the title.
Abbreviate the names of all months except May,
June, and July.
If the paging of a magazine
or newspaper article is continued elswhere in the
issue, include
only the first page followed by
a plus sign (ex. 25+.).
If the encyclopedia
does not arrange its articles alphabetically,
treat the encyclopedia article
as if it were a
book article. Specific volume and page numbers are
cited in the text, not in
the list of
references.
Gale Reference Book: cite the
original source being reprinted as shown under
Book, Journal
Article, Newspaper or Magazine
Article, etc. The example shows a Magazine
Article. Then
include the citation information
for the reference book.
Websites: include
the title of the web page, the name of the entire
web site, the
organization that posted it
(this may be the same as the name of the website).
Also include
the full date the page was
created or last updated (day, month, year if
available) and the
date you looked at it.
Internet Magazine Articles: Include:
The full date of the article (day, month, year if
available) and the date you looked at
it;
o If you are citing a journal instead of a
magazine, include the volume (and
issue
number) and date as shown under the Journal Style
above.
As for page numbers, different
databases will provide different information.
Include
the range of pages (ex. 25-28.); or
the starting page followed by a hyphen, a blank
space, and a period (ex. 64- .); or the total
number of pages or paragraphs (ex. 12 pp.
or
33 pars.). If no page information is given, then
leave it out.
The name of
the database (underlined) and the company that
created it.
The library or other organization
(and its location) that provided you with access
to
the database.
If the web address (URL)
of the article is very long, you only need to
include the URL
of the database's home
page.
The rules concerning a
title within a title are not displayed here for
purposes of clarity. See
the printed version
of the manual for details.
For documents and
situations not listed here, see the printed
version of the manual.
Robert Delaney 3282010
y@
Chicago Citation Style
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15
th
edition
Follow these color codes:
Author(s) Date Title of Book Title of
Article Title of Periodical
Volume Pages
Place of Publication Publisher Other Information
Book
Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda.
1993. Star trek chronology: The
history
of the future. New York: Pocket Books.
Journal Article
Wilcox, Rhonda V.
1991. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star
trek: The next generation. Studies in
Popular Culture 13 (2): 53-65.
Magazine
Article
Do not include the page numbers in
the reference list. Cite the specific pages in the
parenthetical
reference. (section 17.183)
Smith, Jane. 1996. There is no resisting the
Borg queen. Maclean's,
December 2.
Newspaper Article
Do not include the
page numbers in the reference list or the
parenthetical reference. If the
newspaper has
several editions, include that information as
shown under the next item.
(section 17.188).
Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through
college: Classes explore
modern
society using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles
Times,
March 15, sec. A.
Newspaper Article - No Author
(section
17.192)
Do not follow this format for other
items without an author. See notes below.
Newsday. 2003. Activision suing over Star
trek. July 2, Queens edition,
sec. A.
Encyclopedia Article
Well known,
alphabetically arranged reference books used as
sources are not included
in the reference list
but are cited in the text (section 17.238).
Examples:
In his article on science
fiction in the 1995 edition of the
Encyclopedia Americana, Theodore Sturgeon says
that the
phrase, science fiction, was created
by Hugo Gernsback.
Theodore Sturgeon
says that the phrase, science fiction, was
created by Hugo Gernsback (Encyclopedia
Americana, 1995 ed.,
s.v. ).
Articles from less well known reference books
can be treated as a Book Article or Chapter
Book Article or Chapter
(sections
17.68-17.70)
For multivolume books, include
the volume number before the page number (ex.
3:26-27)
(section 17.87).
James, Nancy E.
1988. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth
according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the
fantastic,
ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223.
Westport, CT: Greenwood.
ERIC
Document
(section 17.242)
Fuss-Reineck,
Marilyn. 1993. Sibling communication in Star trek:
The
next generation: Conflicts between
brothers. Miami, FL: Speech
Communication Association, text-fiche, ED364932.
Website
(section 17.237)
Lynch, Tim. 1996. Review of DS9 trials and
tribble-ations. Psi Phi:
Bradley's
Science Fiction Club. http:pusorg
(accessed October 8, 1997).
Notes
There are two different Chicago Styles. The
one shown above is for a Reference List which is
starting to become the more common one. See
the printed manual for the other.
Arrange the
items on your reference list alphabetically by
author, interfiling books, articles,
etc.
(section 16.93).
Doublespace all lines
(section 2.29).
Indent the second and
following lines (section 2.29).
For ranges of
page numbers, use an en dash instead of a hyphen
(section 9.62).
If no author is given, start
with the title and then the date (section 17.32) -
except with
newspapers (see above).
Journal, magazine, or newspaper article from a
database: Follow the examples shown
above.
Then add the URL of the database's homepage after
the period (it is not necessary to
include the
long link directly to the article). End the URL
with a period (section 17.359). If the
database gives the first page number of the
article but not the last, use ff.
number:
126ff. (section 17.131).
Websites: (section
17.237) Include the title of the web page, the
title of the entire website
(or the owner of
the website - these two might be the same, as in
this example). Including the
date you accessed
the page is optional if it is not important that
the contents might get
revised or updated
(section 17.12).
The rules
concerning a title within a title are not
displayed here for purposes of clarity. See
sections 17.58 and 17.157 of the printed
version of the manual for details.
For
documents and situations not listed here, see the
printed version of the manual or
Chicago's
official website for a list of frequently asked
questions about Documentation
and other aspects
of Chicago style.
Robert Delaney, 5806
y@
Turabian Citation Style
A
Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations, 6
th
edition
Follow
these color codes:
Author(s) Date Title
of Book Title of Article Title of Periodical
Volume Pages Place of Publication
Publisher Other Information
Book
Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star
trek chronology: The
history of the
future. New York: Pocket Books.
Journal
Article
Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting
roles and synthetic women in Star
trek:
The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13
(June):
53-65.
Newspaper or
Magazine Article
Di Rado, Alicia. 1995.
Trekking through college: Classes explore
modern society using the world of Star trek. Los
Angeles Times,
15 March, A3.
Encyclopedia Article
Well-known
reference books used as sources are not included
in the Reference List but
are cited in
parentheses within the text.
(Theodore Sturgeon, in Encyclopedia
Americana, 1995 ed.)
Book Article or
Chapter
James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of
paradise: The Eden myth
according to
Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic,
ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223. Westport,
CT: Greenwood.
ERIC Document
Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. 1993. Sibling
communication in Star trek: The
next
generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL:
Speech
Communication Assocation. ERIC,
ED 364 932.
Website
Lynch, Tim.
1996. DS9 trials and tribble-ations review.
Peoria, IL:
Bradley University. On-line.
Available from Internet, http:
, accessed
8 October 1997.
Notes
There are two different Turabian Styles. The
one shown above is for a Reference List which is
starting to become the more common one. See
the printed manual for the other.
Arrange the
items on your reference list alphabetically by
author, interfiling books, articles,
etc.
Indent the second and following lines 5
spaces.
If you are using a typewriter and
cannot use italics, then use underlining.
If
no author is given, start with the title and then
the date.
Websites: include the date the page
was created (or updated) and the date you looked
at it.
The rules concerning a title within a
title are not displayed here for purposes of
clarity. See
the printed version of the manual
for details.
For documents and situations not
listed here, see the printed version of the
manual.
Robert Delaney, 5806
y@
AMA Citation Style
American Medical
Association Manual of Style, 9
th
edition
Follow these color codes:
Author(s) Date Title of Book Title of
Article Title of Periodical
Volume Pages
Place of Publication Publisher Other Information
Book
1. Okuda M, Okuda D. Star Trek
Chronology: The History of the Future.
New York: Pocket Books; 1993.
Journal or
Magazine Article
(with volume numbers)
2.
Wilcox RV. Shifting roles and synthetic women in
Star trek: the
next generation. Stud Pop
Culture. 1991;13:53-65.
Newspaper,
Magazine or Journal Article
(without volume
numbers)
3. Di Rado A. Trekking through
college: classes explore modern
society
using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles Times.
March
15, 1995:A3.
Encyclopedia
Article
4. Sturgeon T. Science
fiction. In: Lorimer LT, editorial director;
Cummings C, ed-in-chief; Leish KW, managing ed.
The Encyclopedia
Americana. Vol 24.
International ed. Danbury, Conn: Grolier
Incorporated; 1995:390-392.
Book Article
or Chapter
5. James NE. Two sides of
paradise: the Eden myth according to Kirk
and Spock. In: Palumbo D, ed. Spectrum of the
Fantastic. Westport,
Conn: Greenwood;
1988:219-223.
ERIC Document
6.
Fuss-Reineck M. Sibling Communication in Star
Trek: The Next
Generation: Conflicts
Between Brothers. Miami, Fla: Annual Meeting
of the Speech Communication Association; 1993.
ERIC Document
Reproduction Service
ED364932.
Website
7. Lynch T.
DSN trials and tribble-ations review. Psi Phi:
Bradley's
Science Fiction Club Web site.
1996. Available at:
http:pusorgpsiphiDS9ep
. Accessed October
8, 1997.
Journal Article on the
Internet
8. McCoy LH. Respiratory changes
in Vulcans during pon farr. J Extr
Med
[serial online]. 1999;47:237-247. Available at:
http:ebnysl_li_liu. Accessed April 7,
1999.
Notes
Items are listed numerically in the
order they are cited in the text.
If you are
using a typewriter and cannot use italics, then
use underlining.
Authors: use initials of
first and second names with no spaces. Include up
to six authors. If
there are more than six,
include the first three, followed by et al. If no
author is given, start with
the title.
Books: include the edition
statement (ex: 3rd ed. or Rev ed.) between the
title and place if it
is not the first
edition.
Place: use abbreviations of states,
not postal codes.
Journals: abbreviate titles
as shown in Index Medicus. If the journal does not
paginate
continuously through the volume,
include the month (and day).
Websites:
include the name of the webpage, the name of the
entire website, the full date of
the
page (if available), and the date you looked at
it.
The rules concerning a title
within a title are not displayed here for purposes
of clarity. See
the printed version of the
manual for details.
For documents and
situations not listed here, see the printed
version of the manual. A similar
styleguide is
the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted
to Biomedical Journals
Robert Delaney, 11806
y@