高考英语作文:议论文
露营必备-女孩别哭
高考英语作文:议论文
重点诠释
1. 议论文是以议论为主
要表达方式的一种文体,它通过摆事实,讲道理的方
式来辩明是非曲折,从而表达出作者的观点。高考英
语作文的写作,大多有具体要点(即
论点或论据)的限定,所以并不需要如何地纵横裨阖,如何地旁征博
引。但是,麻雀虽小,
五脏俱全。
一篇100来字的议论文,同样必须逻辑严密,结构清晰,
语言洗练,言而有据。要
尽可能避免使用口语,多用书面语,可适当使用名言警句;以议论为主,辅之以
叙述,
说明和描写等手法。
2.
在近几年的高考书面表达中,其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来 呈现
写作材料的。
3.写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论,即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目
要求,有时需要从正反两
面来论述,可增强论证的力度。最后,可得出结论,照应开头,
形成一个有机的整体。
写作模式
写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。[来源:]
1. 引段
高考英语议论文的引言可以有两部分组成:现象+观点。
现象就来自作文题目。所以学生必须
要理解题目中的每句话,把题目中的中文用英
语表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。然后再开门见山地亮出自
己的观点。
2. 主体段
①
引证法(即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语灯作为论据);
② 例证法(即举例来进行论证 )
③
喻证法(用比喻的方法来论证事理,把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂,使文
章既生动又形象 )
④ 对比论证法(通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比来分析论证,使文章的表达效果
更强烈,给
人留下深刻印象 )
⑤ 归纳法
(从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出
结论。)
⑥ 推理法
(从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,而后得出结论)
⑦ 驳论法
(先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点)。
在主体段中,务必要牢记应采用先
总后分的手法——先亮出主题句,然后再用发展
句充实段落。你必须围绕着引言段的观点展开,千万不能
让人觉得的的文章段落之间没
有衔接。
此外,在主体段中要恰当地使用过渡词,有明显的层次
感,引领阅读者一层一层地
根据你的分论点走向最终你要阐述的观点。
3. 结尾段
结论,用一、二句话来结束文章,做到首尾呼应。一定要再次澄清你的观点,切记
与引言段的观点一致
,建议用不同的词句法表达一个意思。
写作典例:
暑假即将来临,你班同学就假期计划进行讨论,提出了不
同看法,请根据提示
写一篇英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。
优点 缺点
呆在家中 花费少,舒适方便 不能亲自了解外界
外出旅游 增长知识,开阔眼界
花费多,旅途不便
注意:1。词数120左右(不含已写好部分)
2.短文必须包括表中所列要点,可根据内容分段表述;
3.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯;
4.参考词汇:眼界horizon(view)
案例分析
这是一篇
典型的议论文体的写作,它以表格的形式提出了论点(呆在家中的优
点和缺点以及外出旅游的优点和缺点
)和论据,还以文字提示形式提出了话题(假期计
划)及需要考生自由发挥的部分(你的看法),自己的
看法可选择上述中的任何一种,并
就此发表个人的见解。本文的重点是表格中两种方式的优,缺点,根据
题目的特点,以
三段式的形式来写作比较好。
根据内容,尽管讨论已经发生,但它是就一
般的暑假假期计划而进行的讨论,
没有特定的时间界定,因而考生应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。相
当一部分考生用
一般过去时进行论述,这会失掉较多的分数。从题目所给的开头可知应用第一人称来写。
范文:
The summer holiday is coming. Our
class have a discussion about what to do during
the holiday.
Some are in favor of
staying at home. They think it's both convenient
and
comfortable. What's more, they can save
money for other purposes. But they will lose the
chance of getting to know the outside world.
However, others prefer to go out for traveling
since it can increase their knowledge and
broaden the ir horizons. But they will spend more
money and meet some difficulties while
traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much
better to stay at home, for I can do what I like,
such
as reading books, watching TV, and
helping my parents with the housework.
针对练习
1.诚信是处世之本。但是在中学生当中,考试作弊、抄袭作业
、欺骗家长和老师等
现象屡见不鲜。请你对以上种种现象作简要描述,并以How to guar
antee honesty为题,
从三个方面,谈谈如何保证学生做到诚信。
注意:
1.词数:120左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
How to
guarantee honesty
As we all know, honesty is a
lways an essential principle of living. Much to
our regret,
however, …
_______________
_________________________________________________
___________________________
Honesty is the
best policy, which is what we should keep in
mind all the time.
【参考范文】------One
possible version:
As we all know, honesty is
always an essential principle of living. Much to
our regret,
however, it is nothing new that
some middle school students cheat in exams, copy
others’
homework and fool their teachers and
parents. Therefor e, how to guarantee honesty
should
come to our attention.
Personal ly,
I think honesty education is necessary. For
instance, courses on hone sty can
be offered
to students; activities like story-te lling and
lectures are also worthy trying. With the
concept of “being honest” rooted in their
minds, honesty can be reflected in their daily
life and
study. Besides, related rules an d
regulations should be laid down. Detailed criteria
should be
applied to evaluate students in
aspects such as homework, tests, relationship with
teachers and
, strict measures should be
carried out to puni sh those who cheat, and
consequently, they must assume responsibility
for their bad behavior, thus considerably
reducing chances of cheating next time.
Honesty is the best policy, which is what we
should keep in mind all the time.
本文是一篇开放式的作文,只提出了一个话题“How to guarantee honesty”
,话题非常
切合学生实际生活,让每个学生都有话可写。此题留给学生了一定的想象空间,有利于
优生的发挥。文章的人称以一、三人称为主;时态为一般现在时;本文可用三段成文形
式成文。内容要
点: 1. 学生中存在的作弊现象;2. 解决这一现象的方法;3. 总结要点。
2.
如今世界粮食短缺,价格飞涨,给部分地区造成社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究
性学习中,你们小组以
“World Food Crisis”为题进行研究,现在请你代表你们小组向全
体同学简要介绍你
们的研究成果。主要内容如下:
造成的原因 1. 气候变化,造成粮食减产 2.
工业发展,城市化加速,耕地减少
3. 世界能源价格上涨,使用粮食生产生物燃料
应对的措施 1. 注重环保,改善生态 2. 严格保护耕地 3. 富国支持穷国,促进
世界和谐
你如何做出自己的贡献1.„„ 2.„„
注意:1.
内容包括以上要点,但不要逐句翻译 2. 字数150左右,文章开头已
提供,不计入总词数
3. 参考词汇:城市化urbanization 生物燃料biofuels
Hello, everyone,
Now I'll tell you something
about our research project The World Food Crisis
on
behalf of our group. As you know, food
shortages have hit many countries in the world and
even caused social unrest in some areas.
______________________________________________
_____
______________________________________
_______________
____________________________
_________________________
【命题方向与写作提示】这是一篇提纲式的议
论文写作素材,探讨国计民生的社会
热点话题:粮食价格上涨。写作时要注意避免逐句翻译,并适当增加
细节以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】(One possib le version)
Hello, everyone,
Now I'll tell you
something about our research project The World
Food Crisis on behalf of
our group. As you
know, food shortages have hit many countries in
the world and even caused
social unrest in
some areas. But who is responsible for the current
world food crisis? First,
annual world
grains output has declined because of climate
change. Then lots of farmland has
been lost
due to the rapid development of industry and
urbanization. Besides, faced with the
rising
energy prices, people have turned to the
production of biofuels, which has worsened the
severe situation.
Then what should we do
to deal with the problem? On one hand, we should
focus on
the environmental protection and
improve the ecology. On the other hand, strict
measures
should be taken to protect farmland.
Of course, to build a harmonious world the
developed
countries should take their
responsibilities to help the poor ones
experiencing food shortage.
As for me, I
will call on the people around me to live
thriftily. And for the moment, I
think, we
should study hard to develop science and help
solve the food shortage in the future.