2高考英语应对策略与基础写作指导(议论文：如何对比不同观点)
火车票什么时候放票-爱国诗句有哪些
高考英语应对策略与基础写作指导
浙江省温州市龙湾区教师发展中心
卢晓江
第二讲 议论文：如何对比不同观点
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、
评论，表明自己的
观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论
点、论据
和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际
意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据基
本要求是：真实可靠，
充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。
一、议论文写作三要素
议论文主要包括三要素：论点、论据和论证方法。论点必须正确。
论据是为说明论点服务的，既要可靠又要充分，事实胜于雄辩，是最
好的论据。论据也可以是人
们公认的真理，经过实践考验的哲理。论
证的方法多种多样，常用的方法有：
1.
归纳法
从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后
得出结论。
2. 推理法
从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。
3. 对照法
对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。
4.驳论法
先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。
二、议论文的特点
议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部
分提出论点，即文章的主题，在正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进
行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论
证得出结论。
三、议论文的写法
要写好议论文，必须注意以下几点：
1.确定论点。
论点通常在文章的第一段提出。
2.要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例。
3.论证要有严密的逻辑性。
所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论连接起来。
4.层次要清楚。
5.态度诚恳、友好，因为议论文重在说理，以理服人。
6.论据要充分
欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示
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数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历。
议论文在写作手法上以议论为
主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、
描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或是议论的补<
br>充；议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的，因此，叙述应该
是概括的，描写应该是简要的
。特别要提醒的是写议论文常用一般现
在时。
四、实例演练
Shall high
school students use mobile phones in school?
手
机已经普及，连中学生也开始带手机上学了。他们认为带手机
非常方便，也很酷；也有学生主张不应该带
手机进学校，手机会分散
注意力，并影响学习成绩。请你根据自己的理解，给《英语报》编辑
写
信，描述这种现象并表达你的意见。
注意：1. 开头已经写好。
2.
词数：100～120个（开头部分已给出, 不计词数）。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to you to ...
Sincerely yours,
Jack
五、对比观点作文模版
_____ is
becoming more and more popular now. There are two
sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____
is their favorite.
They hold their view for
the reason that ____. What is
more,_____.Moreover,______.
While others
think that _____ is a better choice in the
following three reasons. Firstly,_____.
Secondly
(besides),______. Thirdly
(finally),_____.
From my point of view, I
think _____. The reason is that
_____. As a
matter of fact, there are some other reasons to
explain my choice. For me, the former(前者) the
latter（后
者） is surely a wise choice.
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六、模版参考范文：
Dear
Editor,
I’m writing to you to talk about the
using of mobile phones in
high school.
Mobile phones are becoming more and more
popular now. There
are two sides of opinions
of it. Some students say mobile phones
are
their favorite. They hold their view for the
reason that
it is convenient easy for us to
talk with others. What is
more,it is very cool
for us students to have one.
While others
think that students’not using mobile phones
is
a better choice in the following two reasons.
Firstly, mobile
phones will draw our
attentions . Besides, often using mobile
phones will affect our study .
From my
point of view, I think that it is not good for us
students to use mobile phones in schools . The
reason is that
our duty is to study not to be
cool. As a matter of fact, there
are some
other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the
latter
（后者） is surely a wise choice.
Sincerely yours,
Jack
七、高分参考范文：
Dear Editor,
I’m
writing to you to express my concerns about the
using of
mobile phones in high school.
Nowadays, mobile phones are widely used; even
some high
school students have one, thinking
it cool and convenient for
communication. Some
others, however, don’t think it a must to
have
a mobile phone. According to them, they have so
much to do
at school and frequent
communication with the outside world may
distract their attention from lessons. They
also complain they are
disturbed when phones
ring in classrooms.
Personally, I’m strongly
against students’ using of mobile
phones in
schools. We know it takes joint efforts to create
a quiet
and ideal atmosphere for studies.
Mobile phones, obviously a trouble
maker,
shall be prohibited in schools, especially in
classrooms.
Sincerely yours,
Jack
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