六年级英语下册随堂笔记
爱国诗篇-包汤圆
第一模块 How Tall Are You ?
一、常用句型
(一)形容词的比较级句型
A+be动词+形容词的比较级(如:taller,stronger,older)+than+B
A比B更……
例如:
You are taller than
your brother .
I am fatter than Xiaojun .
(二)A比B高或重或大或小多少的句型
A +
be动词+数字+单位(如:cm,kg)+形容词比较级+ than+ B
例如:
You are 4 cm taller than me .
I am
10 kg heavier than Tom .
John is 2
years younger than her .
(三)描述身高的句型:
主语 +be动词 + 数字+ 长度单位(如:cm、m)+ tall .
例如:
I’m 160 cm tall .
My mother is 1.62
m tall .
(四)询问对方身高、体重、年龄、大小、长度的句型:
问句:How+形容词(如:tallheavyoldbiglong)+be动词+主语?
1
答句:主语 +be动词 + 数字+
单位(如:cmkgyears)+ 形容词 .
例如:
How tall are
you ?
I’m 160 cm tall .
(五)形容词比较级的变化规则
规
则
变
化
构成方法
一般在词尾加er
原级
tall
high
short
strong
young
以字母e结尾的词,加r。
fine
late
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,
fat
应先双写这个辅音字母,再加er。
big
thin
以y结尾,并且y前面是辅音字母的词,
easy
先把y变为i,再加er。
funny
heavy
不
规
则
变
2
比较级
taller
higher
shorter
stronger
younger
finer
later
fatter
bigger
thinner
easier
funnier
heavier
better
worse
good
badill
manymuch more
little less
化
(六)如何用“how”问体貌
How tall are
you ?
How old are you ?
How heavy is
your brother ?
How long is its tail ?
How big are your hands ?
(七)“one”做代词的用法
one是数字“一”的意思,但有时用它做代词,用来代替上
文中已
经出现过的单词,以避免重复。例如:
Which monkey do
you like ?
I like the yellow one .
(八)“up to…”的含义
“up
to…”表示“达到……”,后面常接数字。例如:
each up to 20 cm
long
Up to ten people can sleep in this
room .
二、常用短语
from shorter to taller
from……to……
I wear size 17 .
up to……
dive into…… jump
out of……
good swimmer have
a try
三、单词
3
dinosaur
house schoolbag tall long short strong old
young
heavy thin big small funny its
tail brown think only about
hair head
hand eye arm leg foot tooth meter ton each
squid lobster shark seal deep swimmer
little cm(centimeter)
than kg(kilogram)
even
4
第二模块 What’s The Matter ?
一、常用句型
(一)关心他人的“What’s the matter ?”
“What’s the matter ?”表示“怎么了?”
例如:
What’s the matter , John ?
I have a
toothache .
如果询问具体某个人怎么了时,要用句型“What’s
with
+ 某人?”,例如:
What’s the matter with
themhimheryou ?
类似的句型还有“What’s wrong ?”
What’s wrong , Tom ?
I can’t find my
schoolbag .
(二)关心他人的“How are you ?”
“How are you ?”表示“你好吗?”
例如:
How are
you , John ?
Fine , thank you .
(三)询问对方的感觉时,可以用以下句型:
How do you feel ?
I feel + 表示感觉的形容词(happysadtiredsick)。
例如:
5
the matter
How do
you feel ?
I feel sick .
(四)询问第三方的感觉时,可以用以下句型:
How does
hesheitJohn feel ?
HeSheIt is +
表示感觉的形容词(happysadtiredsick)。
例如:
How does
Amy feel ?
She’s tired .
(五)如何描述对方看起来的状态---“You look +形容词”
“You
look +表示状态的形容词(happysadtired)”句型,表示“你
看起来…”。“lo
ok”在这里是“看起来”的意思,例如:
You look so happy .
(六)听到坏消息应该怎样表示难过---“I’m sorry to hear
that”
“I’m sorry to hear
that”表示“听到那件事我很难过”
例如:
--- What’s the
matter , John ? You look sad today .
--- I
failed the math test .
--- I’m sorry to
hear that .
(七)现在进行时表示将来
I am
going on a big trip .(我将要进行一次长途旅行)
用现在进行时表示将来要发生的事情或动作,常用的动词有:
6
go,come,take等表示位置移动的动词。例如:
He is
coming to see you this afternoon .
Miss
White is taking her students to the zoo
tomorrow .
(八)人人讨厌的“fail”
“fail”表示“不及格;失败”,例如:
I failed the math
test .
Did you fail the Chinese test ?
(九)讨人喜欢的“pass”
“pass”表示“通过”,例如:
Amy passed the English test .
“pass”还表示“传递”,“把某物传给某人”可以用“pass sth. to
sb.”例如:
John passed the ball to Tom .
(十)表示两者之间的“between”
“between”的意思是“在……
之间”,当表示两者之间时,常与“and”
搭配,构成“between……and……”结构。例如
:
There is a football match between
Class 1 and Class 2.
Tom is sitting
between John and Amy .
(十一)“another”和“other”的区别
1、“another”表示“又一个”、“另一个”,例如:
Another goal
!
7
Have another cup of
tea .
2、“other”前常加定冠词“the”,表示两个人或物中的第二个,意
思
为“另一个”;表示一组中其它的人或物,意思为“其它的”。例如:
I have two
friends . One is Mike , the other is Peter .
Tom is here , but the other boys are at
school .
(十二)“laugh”与“laugh at”的区别
1、“laugh”表示“笑,大笑”。例如:
The children are
laughing and playing games .
2、“laugh
at”表示“嘲笑”。例如:
Don’t laugh at the little
boy .
(十三)“be going to”表示一般将来时
“be
going to
+动词原形”结构表示“打算或将要做某事”,是“一
般将来时”的一种表达方式。例如:
I
am going to fly kites next Sunday .
(十四)“have”的用法
1、表示“得……病”,例如:
have a
cold have a fever
2、表示“吃,喝”,例如:
They often have bread and milk for
breakfast .
3、表示“有”,例如:
I have a new
pen .
8
(十五)让人疼痛的“ache” <
br>“ache”是个名词,表示“疼痛”,常放在表示身体部位的名词之后,
表示“……疼”,例如
:
headache toothache earache stomachache
backache
(十六)时间状语从句简介
引导词
when(当……时)
时
间
状
语
从
句
tilluntil(直到)
例句
How do you know
when you
have the flu ?
The game was
over before you
came .
We went to
the park after the
rain stopped .
The
little girl stopped crying till
her
mother came .
I will write to you as
soon
as I get to Jinan .
before(在……之前)
after(在……之后)
as soon
as(一…就…)
注意:时间状语从句如果放在主句前,一般要用逗号分开;时间状
语从句如
果放在主句后,一般不用逗号。例如:
The game was over before
you came .
Before you came , the game was
over .
(十七)条件状语从句简介
9
条
件
状
语
从
句
引导词
if(如果,假如)
例句
If you have a fever ,
you might
have the flu .
He is sure
to come unless he is
ill .
You will
go to college as long
as you study hard
.
unless(除非)
as long as(只要)
注意:条件状语从
句如果放在主句前,一般要用逗号分开;条件状
语从句如果放在主句后,一般不用逗号。例如:
If you have a fever , you might have
the flu .
You might have the flu if you
have a fever .
(十八)“people”的可数与不可数
1、“people”表示“人,人们”时,是集合名词,本身就是复数概念,
无复数形式。例如:
Some people feel sick in the winter .
2、“people”表示“民族”时,有复数形式。例如:
There are 56
peoples in China .
(十九)“a
few”与“few”的区别
“a few”与“few”后面都跟可数名词复数,但意思不同。
1、“a few”表示肯定,意思是“几个”。例如:
(二十)“hurt”的用法
10
“hurt”作动词
用时表示“伤害,弄伤,弄疼,疼痛”,既可以做及物
动词,也可以做不及物动词。例如:
I
hurt my leg .
My leg hurts .
二、常用短语
have a headache
haveget the flu
have a toothache
have a cold
have a fever
have a sore throat
My nose hurts .
My throat is sore .
take it easy
hurt one’s leg
Don’t worry .
in the winter
see the doctor
take some medicine
drink hot drinks
Stay in bed for a few
feel better soon
go on a big trip
fail the math test
a little angry
bounce off……
fly into……
win the game
laugh at……
buy me a new skirt = buy a
new skirt for me
I feel bored .
a ghost story
I feel scared .
It’s midnight .
go skating
三、单词
11
days .
fever hurt toothache headache sore
throat matter feel sick
nose people flu
know might worry medicine drink stay
better soon tired excited angry happy
bored sad trip fail
test hear match
between pass kick goal bounce off another
guess win won game laugh robot straw
weather fun funny
ghost scared midnight
parent
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第三模块 Last Weekend
一、常用句型
(一)一般过去时:
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事情,常和表示过去时间的状语
连用。
表示过去时间的状语包括:
yesterday , just now , the
day
before yesterday , last
weekmonthyearnight , an hour ago
等等
1、一般过去时的构成:
含be动词
I was…
的一般过
HeSheItJohn was…
去时
WeYouThey
were…
肯定式
I wasn’t…
HeSheItJohn
wasn’t…
WeYouThey weren’t…
否定式
含实义动
IYou HeSheItJohnWeThey IYou
HeSheItJohnWeThey
词的一般+动词过去式…
过去时
2、be动词:
一般现在时形式:amisare
一般过去时形式:amis
------was are-------were
3、do的过去式是did
13
+ didn’t + 动词原形…
4、一般过去时的疑问句和简略答语:
第一人称(Iwe) 第二人称(You) 第三人称
(HeSheItJohnThey)
含be动
词的一
般过去
时的一
般疑问
句和简
略答语
Was I …?
Yes,you were.
No,you
weren’t.
Were we…?
Yes,weyou were .
No, weyou weren’t.
Were you…?
Yes,I
was .
No,I wasn’t .
Were you…?
Yes,we were .
Was hesheit…?
Yes,
hesheit was .
No, hesheit wasn’t .
Were
they…?
Yes,they were .
No, we weren’t.
No, they weren’t.
Did you +动词Did he +动词原形…?
原形…?
Yes,I did .
No,I didn’t .
Yes,he did .
No,he didn’t .
含实义
动
词的
一般过
去时的
一般疑
问句和
简略答
语
Did
I +动词原形…?
Yes,you did .
No,you didn’t .
Did we +动词原Did you +动词Did they +动词原
形…?
Yes, weyou did .
No, weyou didn’t .
原形…?
Yes,we did .
No,we didn’t .
形…?
Yes,they did .
No,they didn’t .
Was I fat last year ? Were you
tired yesterday ?
Yes,you were .
No,we weren’t.
Was she angry just
now ?
No,she wasn’t .
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5、人称代词和物主代词
人称
人称代词
主格 宾格
物主代词
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
I
we
you
he
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
第三人称
she
it
they
(1)人称代词
人称代词是为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到过的人或物
。人称代
词的主格在句子中做主语。宾格作宾语和表语。
宾语分为介词宾语和动词宾语。介词后面的为介词宾语,及物动词
后面的为动词宾语。例如:
on Monday with me
help
him read books
表语是系动词后面的词。常用
的系动词包括:be动词(amisare)、
become(成为)、look(看起来)、soun
d(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、
turn(变成)等。例如:
This is
a park .
The rain becomes vapour .
15
You look sad .
It sounds
good .
It smells bad .
(2)物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,又分为形容词性物主代词和名词
性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面跟名词。例如:
This is my
book .
Their bags are on the desk .
名
词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,具有名词性质,
在句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如:
This is your book , and that is mine .
Our school is beautiful , and yours is
clean .
(二)动词过去式的构成规则
构成规则
一般在动词原形后加ed
动词原形
watch
wash
live
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d
love
use
dance
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双
16
过去式
watched
washed
lived
loved
used
danced
stopped stop
写这个辅音字母,再加ed
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再
加ed
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,直接加ed
(三)常用的不规则变化动词过去式
hashave---had amis---was are---were
win---won go---went read---read
swim---swam sing---sang eat---ate
buy---bought see---saw leave---left
come---came say---said feel---felt
draw---drew drink---drank run---ran
(四)一般过去时的典型句型
1、一般疑问句
Did you
play football with Zhang Peng ?
Yes , I
did .
Did you help them clean their
room ?
No , I didn’t .
2、特殊疑问句
What did you do last weekend ?
I
played football with Zhang Peng .
17
plan planned
study studied
carry carried
play played
stay stayed
dodoes---did
fly---flew
take---
took
get---got
know---knew
write
---wrote
(五)help的用法
help + 某人 + 动词原形…
(帮助某人做某事)
例如:help them clean their room
(六)return的用法
return sth. to sb.
(把某物还给某人)
例如:return the kite to me
return the pencil to John
(六)grateful的用法
be grateful to sb. (感谢某人)
例如:I am grateful to Tom .
(七)询问某人过得怎么样的句型
How was your weekend ?
It was a busy one .
How is your
father ?
Fine .
二、常用短语
do
homework wash the clothes
visit grandparents clean the
room
go to a park go
swimmingfishinghiking
watch TV
play football with…
play the piano
at night in the evening
see the full
moon in June
18
last
weekendnight listen to music
play
sports cook noodles
Saturday
morning Sunday afternoon
tongue
twister fly kites
fly into
the lake five minutes later
jump
into the lake swim to the kite
read books climb a
mountain
How about you ?
be(amisare)
busy
It was his grandma’s birthday .
Today was a fun day .
It was a
windy day .
walk to Mike’s home
read
funny tongue twisters together
三、单词
yesterday weekend clothes visit
grandparents piano full
busy cook fun
funny sunny windy walk tongue twister
together kite suddenly jump minute hour
day month year
return graterful climb
mountain partner another
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第四模块 My Holiday
一、常用句型
(一)如何询问对方过去所做的事情
问句: What
did you do + 过去时间 ?
答句: I + 动词过去式 + 其它
例如:
What did you do on your holiday
?
I sang and danced with my new friends
.
(二)询问对方过去去了哪里的句型及答语
问句: Where
did you go + 过去时间
答句: I went to + 地点
例如:
Where did you go last weekend ?
I went to Xinjiang .
(三)询问对方在过去怎样去某地的句型及答语
问句: How did you
go + 其它 ?
答句: I went by + 交通工具。
例如:
How did you go there ?
I went by
train .
20
(四)玩得开心用“have
fun”
“have fun”表示“玩得开心,过得愉快”,和“have a good
time”
意思一样。例如:
Every day I had fun
with my cousins .
Do you have a good
time on your holiday ?
(五)有趣的“miss”
1、作动词,“想念”的意思,例如:
Miss you and dad .
2、作动词,“错过”的意思,例如:
I missed the last
bus .
3、当“miss”的首字母大写时,就变成了“Miss”,“女士,小姐,
老
师”的意思,例如:
Miss Li missed the last train
and she missed her
family very much .
(六)如何表达“在某月某日”
英语中,在某日前要用介词“on”。例如:
on Monday on Saturday morning
on February 1
st
(七)到做某事的时间了
-----It’s time to…
It’s time to +动词原形+其它.
(到该做……的时间了)
例如:
21
It’s
time to go to school .
(八)情态动词
情态
动词表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词后面要跟动词原形。
常用的情态动词包括:can,
must, may,might,will,shall,would,should等。例
如:
I can play the piano .
You must
studay hard .
May I borrow your book ?
二、常用短语
buy presents (for…)
eat good food
see
elephants
climb a mountain
go skiing
on your
holiday
on the firstlast day
workstuday hard
every day
go by airplane
have a
good time
go to a restaurant
last year
22
take pictures
sing and dance
learn
English
row a boat
go ice-skating
on February 1
st
do my homework
learn a lot
a lot of…
make a
snowman
have fun
play ping-pong
get
back to Beijing
prepare to do sth
be back home = go home
Tomorrow I
will not be late .
That’s fun .
It
was scary .
三、常用单词
usually trip
present parent
learn study lot late fun
prepare
eat
picture sing dance elephant
scary airplane
last first relax
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Recycle 1 Let’s take a trip !
一、常用句型
(一)“be going to”句型
“be going
to + 动词原形”表示“打算、将要做某事”,是一般将
来时的一种表达方式。例如:
I’m going to buy a present for you .
Are you going to watch TV ?
He is
going to read books .
(二)现在进行时态表将来的句型:
例如:I’m going to the cinema .这个句子中虽然也有“be
going to”,但to后面不是跟动词原形,而是跟名词the
cinema,因此
这个句子是一个现在进行时态的句子,但是表示的是将来的含义。
在英语
中,有一些动词,例如go,come,leave等,它们的现在进行时
态可以表示将来的含义。
“be going
to”结构虽然可以和go或come或leave连用,例如,
打算去上学,可以翻译成“be
going to go to school”,但是在英
语中尽量避免“be
going to”结构和go或come连用,而是用go或
come或leave的现在进行时表
示将来的意思,而是应翻译成“be going
to school”。
例如:
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What are you going to
do this evening ?
I’m going to the
cinema tonight.
We are leaving now .
(三)询问天气的句型----“What is the weather
like……?”
“What is the weather like +
时间或地点?”表示“……的天
气怎么样?”。例如:
What is the
weather like in Kunming ?
It’s usually
sunny and warm .
询问天气的句型还有“How is the wea
ther……?”。这两个句型
的区别是:如果用what,后面就要用like;如果用how,后面
不用like。
例如:
How is the weather in
Kunming ?
It’s usually sunny and warm .
(四)询问某人长什么样的句型---“What is sb. like ?”
“What is sb. like ?”表示“某人长什么样?”。
例如:
What’s your dad like ?
He is tall
and strong .
(五)和天气有关的词
warm---温暖的
sunny---晴朗的 windy---有风的
cloudy---多云的
rainy---多雨的 cool凉爽的---cold冷的
hot热的
rain雨 shower阵雨 snow雪
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fog雾 breeze微风 storm暴风雨
(六)“be known as……”表示“以……著称”。例如:
Kunming
is known as “Spring City”.
Jinan is
known as “Spring City”.
(七)“等不及了”
“主语 + can’t wait (to do
sth.).”表示“……等不及或迫不
及待”。例如:
I can’t wait .
He can’t wait to open the box .
(八)帮助某人做某事的句型
句型一:“help sb. with sth.”
with是个介词,后面要跟名词或代词宾格。例如:
Yucheng often
help his mom with the housework .
句型二:“help sb. (to) do sth.”
to后面接动词原形,也可以省略to。例如:
Yucheng often help
his mom (to) do housework .
(九)“there
be”句型---“在某地有某人或某物”
句型结构:There be + 某人或某事 +
某地
这里的be动词包括is和are,至于用is还是are,要本着“就近原
则”---
---看离be动词最近的名词是单数还是复数,如果是单数名词就用
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is,如果是复数名词就用are。例如:
There is a
boy and two girls in the house .
There
are two girls and a boy in the house .
(十)“there be”与“havehas”的区别
“there
be”与“havehas”都表示“有”的意思,但它们是有区别
的:
1、“there
be”表示“在某地有某人或某物”,是一种客观存在关系。
例如:
There is
a book on the table .
2、“havehas”表示“某人拥有或持有某物”,是一种所属关系。例
如:
I
have two story books .
(十一)here引导的句子
在以“here”开头的句子中,当主语是人称代词或名词时,主语、
谓语的位置是不一样的:
1、当主语是人称代词时,主语在前,谓语在后,例如:
Here you are .
(给你)
Here he comes . (他来了)
2、当主语是名词时,谓语在前,主语在后,即所谓的倒装句。例如:
Here is
the bad news . (这是个坏消息)
Here
comes the bus . (公共汽车来了)
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二、常用短语
三、现在分词的变化规则
四、some和any的区别
some和any都是“一些”的意思,后面都可以跟可数名词
、不可数
名词。some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和疑问句中。
五、“what”引导的感叹句
“what”在这里引导感叹句,意思为“多么”,用来修饰名词。句型为:
What +
a an + 形容词 +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
或:
What + 形容词
+不可数名词名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
例如:What a big nature
park !
What an old woman she is !
What delicious food !
六、单词
fly
walk jump run swim kangaroo sleep
climb
fight swing
trunk duck
elephant tiger monkey climber nature
第六模块 A Field Trip
一、现在进行时的一般疑问句:
(一)主语是第三人称单数
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Is + hesheit(第三人称单数)+ 现在分词+其它?
Yes,
hesheit + is.
No, hesheit + isnt.
例如:
Is Tom reading a book ?
Yes, he is.
No, he isnt.
(二)主语是第二人称或复数名词
Are +
youwethey(第二人称或复数名词)+ 现在分词+其它?
Yes, I am
.或者:Yes,wethey are.
No, I am not
.或者:No,wethey arent.
例如:
Are you eating
lunch ?
Yes ,I am .Yes,we are.
No, I am
not .No,we arent.
Are the elephants
walking ?
Yes ,they are. No,they arent.
二、常用短语
take pictures
watch insects
count insects
watch classmates
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,
,
,
,
,
pick
up leaves
collect leaves
do an
experiment
catch butterflies
write a
report
write an e-mail
play chess
have a picnic
have a look at ……
Let
,
s go on a field trip .
eat lunch
Where are they ?
What do
ants like to eat ?
in the woods
That’s interesting .
eat vegetable
It’s time to go .
It’s time to……
Tell him we’re leaving .
She’s running
to us .
over there
三、单词
leaf leave
butterfly experiment
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insect woods
honey
ant interesting
thing
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