马尔代夫旅游图片-圣经歌曲

2021年1月9日发(作者：沈祖坚)

必修1 第一单元
ANNE’S BEST FRIEND
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest
feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or
would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind,
so she made her diary her best friend.
安妮最好的朋友
你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的 朋友
会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋
友，所以她把 的日记视为自己最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family
was Jewish so she had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and
her family
hidden
away for two years before they were discovered. During that time
the only true friend was her diary. She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts
in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall
call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July
1942.
在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她 一家人都是犹太人，
所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲
藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她
说：“我不愿像大多数 人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋
友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看 看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏
身处后的那种心情吧。
Thursday 15, June, 1944
Dear kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve
grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there
was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could
never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.
For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past
eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But
as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some
months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I
didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the
wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a
year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before
very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature
is one thing that really must be experienced.
Yours,
Anne
1944年6月15日，星期四
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自 然有
关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月
光和鲜花，从 未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。
比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和， 我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉，为的
就是能独自好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打 开窗户。还有
一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆
到非 关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，
我完全被这种景象镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚„„
不幸的是„„我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那 脏兮兮的窗户看看大自
然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。
你的安妮

Reading and listening 读与听

1) Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and
predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice.
Dear Miss Wang,
I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along
well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping
each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started
gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I
don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping. What should I do?
Yours,
Lisa
1 读读琳达为青少年写 给电台王小组的这封信，然后王小姐可能会怎么说。
听完录音之后，核对并讨论她的建议。
亲爱的王小姐：
现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好 。
我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，
其他同学却在 背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。

我不想中断这段友谊， 但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
你的莉萨
Reading and writing
Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice.
Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.
王小姐收到小冬的一封来信。小冬是要征求一些意见。仔细阅读右边的信，然
后帮王 小姐回复。
Dear Miss Wang,
I’m a student from Huzhou Senior High School. I have a problem. I’m not very
good at communicating with people. Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still
find it hard to make good friends with them. So I feel quite lonely sometimes. I do
want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. I would be grateful if you could
give me some advice.
Yours,
Xiaodong
亲爱的王小姐：
我 是湖州高中的一名学生，我有一个难题，我不大善于与人们交际。虽然我
试着和班上的同学交谈，但是， 我还是很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候
我感到十分的孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知 道怎么办。如果您
能给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。
你的小东
2 Decide which are the best ideas and put them into an order. Then write down your
advice and explain how it will help. Each idea can make one paragraph. The
following sample and the expressions may help you
Dear Xiaodong,
I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends. However, the situation is easy
to change if you follow my advice. Here are some tips to help you.
First, why not…?
If you do this,…
Secondly, you could can …
Then That way, …
Thirdly, it would be a good idea if …
By doing this, …
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours
Miss Wang
2 决定哪些是最好并把它们按顺序组织起来。然后把你的建议写出来，并解

释它为什么会有 所帮助。每个想法可以自成一个段落。下面的例子和表达可能
对你有所帮助。
亲爱的小冬：
很遗憾听说你在交朋友的过程中遇到了困难。但是，如果你听听我的建议，这
种情况是很容易改 变的。这些建议会对你有所帮助。
第一，为什么不„„呢？
如果你这样做„„
第二，你可以„„
这样的话„„
第三，如果„„那将是个不错的主意。
通过做„„
我希望你会发现这些想法对你有所帮助。
你的王小姐
LEARNING TIP 学习建议
It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. It can help you remember past events. You
can express your feelings and thoughts in it. It will help you improve your English if
you write your diary in English. Why not have a try?
写日记对你来说是一个好习惯。它可以帮你记住一些过去发 生的事件。你还可
以在日记中表达你的情感和思想。如果你用英语写日记的话，还可以帮助你提
高英语水平。为什么不试一试呢？
第二单元
Reading
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England
made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began
to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first,
second or foreign language than ever before.
通向现代英语之路 < br>在16世纪末，大约有五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住
在英格兰。在其后的一 个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些
地方，结果世界的其他地方的人们也开始说英语了 。今天，把英语作为自己的
第一语言、第二语言或外语来使用的人比以往任何时候都多。
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the
same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?
American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。
请看看这个例子：
英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？
美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and
develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English
spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the
English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at
present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like
German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.
These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by
the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some
British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both
countries.
那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？实际上，当不同文化 相
互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元
450年到11 50年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语
更多的是以德语为基础的，不像我们 现在说的英语。后来，大约在公元800年
至1150年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统治英 格兰的那些人开始是
说丹麦语，后来说法语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英
语词汇。所以到17世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰
富的词汇。1620年 一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18世纪的时候，一些
英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始 在这两个国家使用。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big
changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and
later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The
latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
最后到19世纪 的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写
发生了两个很大的变化：先是塞缪尔·约翰逊编 写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚·韦
伯斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特 的个性。
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For
example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain
ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for
government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and
countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning
English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of

English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语 或第二语言使用。比如，印度就有很多
人说英语说得很流利，因为在1765年到1947年之间英国统 治着印度。在此期
间，英语成了印度政府和教育所用的语言。在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的
南非，人们现在也说英语。当今，在中国学英语的人数正在快速增加，事实上，
中国可能是学英语人数最 多的国家。中国式英语是否也能发展成一种具有自己
独特个性的语言？这还有待时间去证明。
STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS
What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia,
India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.
This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected
to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in
the way people speak.
When people use words and expressions different form ―standard language‖, it is
called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern,
southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA,
two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American English has
so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.
Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the
mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When
Americans moved form one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So
people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same
dialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which
many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they still
recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所
说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和
收音机里所说的英语就是 标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望
新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视 和收音机里，你也会听出
人们在说话时的差异。
当人们使用不同于“标准语言” 的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英
语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国 黑人和西班牙
人的方言。即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不
同。 美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。
地理位置对方言的形成也有所 影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老
的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他 们也就把他们的方言

随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方 言就几乎
相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。虽然许多美国人经常
搬家，但 是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。
Reading and speaking 读与说

1 Amy and her American friends are visiting London. They plan to visit Amy’s
aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground
station. So she asks directions and then tells her friends. Read the dialogue and circle
the words that mean the same.
1 艾米和她的美国朋友正在参观伦敦。她们计划去拜访艾米的姑妈，并决定
乘地铁去，但是她们找不到最近的地铁站。所以她问问了路，然后告诉她的朋
友。读对话，然后 圈出意思相同的词。
AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma. Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?
LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side,
straight on and cross two streets. It’ll be on your right-hand side.
AMY: Thanks so much.
FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy?
AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two
blocks. The subway will be on our right.
艾米：对不起，夫人，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走吗？
夫人：呃„„地铁？哦，往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是
右边。
艾米：多谢了。
朋友：艾米，她说什么？
艾米：她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边。
【意思相同的词】
subway←→underground （地铁）
right-hand side←→right （右边）
street←→block 街道，街区
第三单元
Travel journal
JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN
My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I
have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive
mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our
cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grew

up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river
that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got them
interested in cycling too. After graduating from finally got the chance to
take a bike trip. I asked my sister,
had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it
ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really
stubborn. Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that
she organize the trip properly. Now, I know that the proper way is always her way. I
kept asking her,
whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course, she hadn't; my sister doesn't care
about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She
gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind. When
I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she
seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it
would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister
well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.
Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a
large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas we
could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. At first
the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to move quickly. It
becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan
Province. Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. We were
both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and the
high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide，brown and warm. As it enters Southeast
Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the
plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.
沿湄公河而下的旅行
第一部分 梦想与计划
我的名字 叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车
旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山 地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一
辆。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟—在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他 们是傣族
人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧
江，流经 其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴
趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作 一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要
去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我 的姐姐。现在，
她正为这次旅行制订计划。

我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一 个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。尽管她
对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安 排的尽善尽美。
现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我老是问她：“我们什么时候
动身？什么时候回来？”我问她是否已经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的
姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于 是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个
坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。当我 告诉她我们的旅行将从
5000多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼
吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了
解我的姐姐，她一 旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。
在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去 了图书馆。我们找到了一本大型的地
图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河 源于西藏
一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它
穿过深谷 时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的
峡谷。我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半 是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地后，
湄公河就变宽，变暖了。河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东 南亚以后，流速
减慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲
的 各支流流入中国南海。
Reading and discussing
JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
PART 2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS
Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our
legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seen
snowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like! Along the way children dressed
in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found it was so cold
that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and
looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I
knew I didn't need to encourage her. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we
looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemed to be able to see for
miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
Then we began going down the hills. It was great fun especially as it gradually
became much warmer. In the valleys colorful butterflies flew around us and we
saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this point we had to change our caps,
coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.
In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent and then
we eat. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but
I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter. It was
so quiet. There was almost no wind-only the flames of our fire for company. As I lay

beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.
We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu
Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!
Unit 4 Earthquakes
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast three
days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that
the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the
farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of
the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At
about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of
planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the
sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one
million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that
night.
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century
had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
One- third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty
metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the
ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city
lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or
were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached
more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly
everything was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings
and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges
also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million oigs and
millions of chickens were now filled the wells instead of
were ,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong
as the first one shook of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped
under the buildings fell ,food,and electricity were hard to
begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.
All hope was not after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to
Tangshan to help the rescue ds of thousands of people were

army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal
mines s built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
water was taken to the city bu train,truck and ,the city
began to breathe again.
Office of the City Government
Tangshan,Hebei
China
July5,2007
Dear____,
Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school
speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was heard by a group of five
judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents and your
school should be very proud of you!
Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible
disaster. The park will also honour those who helped the survivors. Our office would
like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am. As you know,this is
the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.
We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.
Sincerely,
Zhang Sha
Unit 5
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first
met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It
was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He
offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with
his time, for which I was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school
where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because
my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read
or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time
when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it
because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of
work.
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told my how
to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful

about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC
Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and
progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‖
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not
get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by
white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the
poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson
Mandela said:
“„we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less
important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the
law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we
decide to answer violence with violence.
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some
government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put
in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream
of making black and white people equal.
THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison
from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got
there Nelsom Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school
for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the
evenings when we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and
used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. I became a good
student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr
Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped
from studying for their degrees. They were not cleverer than me , but they did pass
their exams. So I knwe I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about
myself.
When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was better
educated, I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and told my
boss that I had been in prinson for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job.
I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and the ANC came to power
in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for good and help from
relatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking
tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd. I felt bad the first time I talked to a
group. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered the

beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not
be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay
from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for
equal rights for the Blacks. So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison,
for I helped to make our people free in their own land.




必修2 unit1
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM

Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his
greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was
the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were
used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour
like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It
was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best
artists about ten years to make .

In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of
Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom
the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.
In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because
part of the Czar's winter palace in St four metres long, the room
served as a small reception hall for important visitors .

Later,Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg
where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770
the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the
room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room
was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing .

In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the
two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the
Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber
Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two

days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt
that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a
German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room
remains a mystery .

Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer
palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new
one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when
they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city .


A FACT OR AN OPINION?

What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be
proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other
country in the world. This is a fact.

Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not
been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an
opinion if you say ―Cats are better pets than dogs‖. It may be true, but it is difficult to
prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that
they are right.

In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person
lives or works. Heshe only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true
information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is
called evidence.




Unit 2

AN INTERVIEW

Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical

journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is
now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.

P: My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call ―Ancient Greece‖ and I used to
write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. I’ve come to your time to find out
about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in
my homeland. May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?

L: Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask
any questions you like. What would you like to know?

P: How often do you hold your Games?

L: Every four years. There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer
Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. The Winter
Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who
have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
They may come from anywhere in the world.

P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about
the horses?

L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are
competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. That’s why they’re
called the Winter Olympics. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running
races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.

P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you
mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for
the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!

L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are
over 250 sports and each on has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but
play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …

P: Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking
part! Where are all the athletes housed?

L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception
building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.

P: That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?

L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity. It’s a great responsibility
but also a great honour to be chosen. There’s as much competition among countries to
host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be held in
Beijing, China. Did you know that?

P: Oh yes! You must be very proud.

L: Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have
already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will
be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and …

P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced! Oh dear! Do you
compete for prize money too?

L: No, we don’t. it’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw
further. That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know-―Swifter, Higher and Stronger.‖

P: Well, that’s good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.


THE STORY OF ATLANTA

Atlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any
man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the
Olympic Games. She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not
marry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry,
so Atlanta made a bargain with him. She said to him,
man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him. If he cannot run as fast as me,
he will be killed. No one will be pardoned.

Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of rules they

knew it was hopeless. So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the
race. There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of
Atlanta's rules,are these men so foolish?he thought. will they let
themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?However,
when she saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind.
will marry Atlanta--or die!

The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster. As
Hippomenes watched he thought,
the Greek Godness of Love for help. She promised to help him and gave him three
golden apples. She said,
When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.

Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King. He said,I want to marry
Atlanta .The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said,I will
marry her------or die!

Unit 3

WHO AM I?

Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating machine in France
in 1642. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. I developed very
slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical
machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed by an operator who used
cards with holes, I could ―think‖ logically and produce an answer quicker than any
person. At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my
―artificial intelligence‖. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how
I could be made to work as a ―universal machine‖ to solve any difficult mathematical
problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1949s I
had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However,
this reality also worried my designers. As time went by, as was make smaller. First as
a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes
since the 1970s.

These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in
tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result I totally changed

my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory
has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!
And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so
lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected
by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide
Web.

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for my. I have become very
important in communication, finance and trade. I have also been put into robots and
used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even
been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal
is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness
that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!

ANDY – THE ANDROID

I’m part of an android football team. About once a year we are allowed to get
together to play a game of football. I’m as big as a human. It fact, I look like one too.
On the football team I’m a striker so I have to be able to run very fast. My computer
ships help me to move and think like a human. For example, I have learned to signal
to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have
a good for a goal.

My first football competition was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago. Last year our
team went to Seattle, Washington in the USA. We won second place. Personally, I
think the team that won first place cheated. They had developed a new type of
program just before the competition. So we need to encourage our programmer to
improve our intelligence too. We are determined to create an even better system. In a
way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all the possible moves
she has seen while watching human games. Then she prepares reliable moves to use
if a new situation arises. In this way I can make up new moves using my ―artificial
intelligence‖. I could like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed
to act just like them. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never
forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about!

Unit 4

HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE

Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. One day she woke
up and found a flying carpet by her bed. ―Where do you want to go?‖ it asked. Daisy
responded immediately. ―I’d like to see some endangered wildlife,‖ she said. ―Please
take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this
sweater.‖ At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There daisy saw and
antelope looking sad. It said, ―We’re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.
Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result, we are now
an endangered species.‖ At that Daisy cried, ―I’m sorry I didn’t know that. I wonder
what is being done to help you. Flying carpet, please show me a place where there’s
some wildlife protection.‖

The flying carpet traveled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe. Daisy
turned around and found that she was being watched by and elephant. ―Have you
come to take my photo?‖ it asked. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. ―Don’t laugh,‖
said the elephant, ―We used to be an endangered species. Farmers hunted us without
mercy. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the
large tour companies. So the government decided to help. They allowed tourists to
hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are
happy and our numbers are increasing. So good things are being done here to save
local wildlife.‖

Daisy smiled, ―That’s good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but
I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.‖ The carpet rose again and almost at once they
were in a thick rainforest. A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself. ―What are you
doing?‖ asked Daisy. ―I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes,‖ it replied. When I
find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body. It contains a powerful drug which
affects mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live the
appreciate how the animals live together. No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.‖

Daisy was amazed. ―Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we
can begin producing this new drug. Monkey, please come and help.‖ The monkey
agreed. The carpet flew home. As they landed, things began to disappear. Two
minutes later everything had gone-the monkey, too. So Daisy was not able to make
her new drug. But what an experience! She had learned so much! And there was
always WWF…

ANIMAL EXTINCTION

Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the most famous
of these animals are lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,
long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.

There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in
eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia,County,Nanyang,
Henan long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered
in Chaoyang County,Liaoning scientists inspeacted the bones,they
were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also
climb learned this from the way the bones were joined together.

Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it
came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put
too much dust into the think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs

to live on any knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from
the earth in such a short time.

We know many other wild plants, animals,insects and birds have died out more
ing to a UN report,some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in
the last 500 dodo is one of lived on the Island of Mauritius and was
a very friendly listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared
frome the earth.

Unit 5

THE BAND THAT WASN’T

Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you
ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which
everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend
you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Lin Huan? To be honest, a lot of people
attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just how do people form a
band?

Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own
music. They may start as a group of high- school students, for whom practicing their
music in someone’s hours is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to
passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for
themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs
or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a
studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!

However, there was one band hat started in a different way. It was called the Monkees
and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as
play music, most of which was based loosely on the beatles. The TV organizers had
planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an
advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find
one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the
band.

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other
musicians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow
their performances were humorous enough to be copied by clubs in order to get more
familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Mondees would play and sing songs
written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more
serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a
real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and play their
own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold
even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily the reunited in the
mid-1980s. they produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their
former time as a real band.

FREDDY THE FROG(II)

Not long after Freddy and the band became famous,they visited Britain on a brief
showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tichkets for their
was now quite confident when he went into a concert
enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!His most exciting invitation
was to perform on a programme called of the to go to
London,wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV felt very

as soon as the programme was over,the telephones which were in the
same room started ody was asking when they could see Freddy and his
band again. They were truly stars.

Then things went and his band could not go out anywhere without
being when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them.
Fans found them even when they went into the tried to hide in the reading
rooms of libraries,but it was e was always there!Their personal life
was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were
close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive,Freddy and his band to which
they were never to return,and went back to the lake.



必修3 unit1

Festivals and celebrations

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient
ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in
spring and harvest in mes celebratewould be held after hunters had
caught that time people would starve if food was difficult to
find,especially during the cold winter ’s festivals have many
origins ,some religious,some seasonal, and some for special people or events.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors,who might
return either to help or to do the Japanese ,people should go to
clean graves and light incense in memory of their also light lamps and
play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to
Mexico,people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early this impoutant
feast day,people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with‖bones‖on
offer food,flowers and gifts to the Western holiday Halloween also had its
origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a
children’s festival,when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for
neighbours do not give any sweets,the children might play a trick on

them.

Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people .The Dragon Boat Festival in
China honours the famous ancient poet,Qu the USA Columbus Day is in
memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New has a national
festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s
independence from Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy are grateful
because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is
European countries,people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers
and fruit,and will get together to have people might win awards for their
farm produce,like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome and
Japan have mid- autumn festivals,when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy
mooncakes.

Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end
of winter and to the coming of the Spring Festival in China,people eat
dumplings,fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red are
dragon dances and carnivals,and families celebrate the Lunar New Year
Western countries have very exciting carnivals,which take place forty
days before Easter,usually in carnivals might include parades,dancing
in the streets day and night,loud music and colourful clothing of all is an
important religious and social festival for Christians aroud the celebrates the
return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new ’s Cherry
Blossom Festival happens a little country, covered with cherry tree flowers,
looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each als let us
enjoy life,be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while

A SAD LOVE STORY

Li Fang was was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet
him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her
friends right now laughing at said she would be there at seven o’clock, and
he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day,
and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not
going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to
leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang
needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.

The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visted the earth. Her name was
Zhinü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and
they fell in love.(―Just like me and Hu Jin,‖thought Li Fang.)They got married
secretly, and they were very happy.(―We could be like that,‖thought Li Fang.)When
the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she
became very angry and made the weaving girl return to g tried to
follow her, but the river of stars,the Milly Way, stopped g that Zhinü was
heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way
to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the
river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope
that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is
weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.

The announcer said,‖This is the story of Qiqiao foreigners hear about
the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s ’s a fine day today, so I hope you
can all meet the one you love.‖

As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,‖I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me .I’ll just
throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.‖ So
he did.

As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice

calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , ―why are you so late?I’ve
been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!‖

What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!She would never forgive
him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!



必修3 UNIT2
COME AND EAT HERE (1)

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a
very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued
mutton kebabs,
roast pork, stir-flied vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be
sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that?
What could
have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest,
finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream
and delicious fruit.
Li Chang hurrying by. Lao Li,he called. usual?But Li Chang
seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if
Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sign in
the window.
Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?
Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.
Only slimming foods served here.
Make yourself thin again!
Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very
thin lady, came forward.
lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.
to Wang Peng. There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw
vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and
especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not
believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he
thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the

library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
He had better do some research!
At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too
much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customers might get thin after
eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy- giving food to keep
them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he
drove back home. Perhaps
with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote:
Want to feel fit and energetic?
Come and eat here! Discounts today!
Our food gives you energy all day!
The competition between the two restaurants was on!

到这里来用餐吧（1）

王鹏做在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。这个上午真是怪的很。通常
他很早就起床，准备他的菜肴— 烤羊肉串、烤猪肉、炒菜和炒饭。然后到午饭
时分，这些菜都会卖完。到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客 盈门的，但今天却
不是！为什么会这样？发生了什么事？他想起了他用滚烫的精制油烹制的羊肉
串、牛排和腊肉。他的可乐又甜又冷，冰激凌用牛奶、奶油和水果制成的。他
想：“再没有比这些更好吃 的了”。突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。
他喊道，“喂，老李！你还是吃老一套的吧？”可 是李昌似乎没有听到。怎么会
事呢？要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。

王鹏跟着李昌来到街尾一家新开张的小餐馆。窗子上的标牌写着这样一些
字：“ 肥腻的东西吃厌了吧！想变瘦吗？请到雍慧减肥餐馆来。此地只供应减肥
食品，让你恢复苗条！”

王鹏受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。里面坐满了人。店老板，一个清瘦的
女人走 上前来说道：“欢迎光临！我叫雍慧。您要是每天来这儿用餐，我可以保
证在两周内去掉您的全部脂肪， ”然后，她递给王鹏一张菜谱，菜谱上有很少几
样食物和饮料：米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鹏 对此感到吃惊，特别
是对它们的价格。这比在他的餐馆里吃一顿好饭花的钱还要多。他几乎不能相
信他的眼睛！他甩了菜谱就急急往外走。在回家的路上，他想起了自己的菜谱。
那些菜让人发胖了吗？ 也许他该去图书馆查查看。他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后
跑掉。他最好做一番调查！

在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆
的 食物脂肪含量又太低。尽管顾客吃她的餐馆里的饭会变得苗条，但他们摄取
不到足够的热量来保持健康， 很快就会感到疲乏。开车回家时，王鹏觉得又有
了希望。也许写个新的标牌、打点折，能够帮他赢回顾客 ！于是他写下了他的
标牌：

“想保持苗条、健康又精力旺盛吗？

到这里来用餐吧！今天打折！

我们的食物能够给您提供一整天所需的热量！”

这两家餐馆之间的竞争开始了！


COME AND EAT HERE(2)
A week later, Wang Peng' s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier.
Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his
restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no
longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but
the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but
glared at him.
thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me
and my menu,
know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found
them in your restaurant. I don' t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited
that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don' t
you sit down and try a meal?
Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast
of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice cream,Yong Hui began
to look ill.
and fruit.
he added,and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don't you get tired
quickly?do have to rest a lot,Yong Hui. don't you think it
would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you ' d feel much healthier.
They began to talk about menus and balanced diets.
neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,explained Wang Peng.

don' t offer enough fibre and you don' t offer enough body-building and
energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced
menu with food full of energy and fibre.
vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than frying them. They
served fresh fruit with the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased
the fibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became- such a success that before long
Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After some time the
two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one. Finally they
got married and lived happily ever after!
到这里来用餐吧（2）

一周后，王鹏的餐馆几乎坐满了人，他感到高兴些了。也许他仍然能够谋
生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。 他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。他微笑地
站在门口热情地迎接他的客人。但他一见到雍慧走进来，脸 上的笑容马上就消
失了。雍慧瞪着他，看上去不太高兴。“请问你那天到我餐馆里来干什么？”她
大声问道，“我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我
的菜谱的。”王鹏心平 气和地解释说，“很对不起，上周我想知道我的顾客是上
哪儿吃饭去了。我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现 你的菜谱上的菜太少了，所以
我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆食物的好处。你为什么不坐下吃顿饭
呢？”

雍慧同意留下来。没过一会，他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉及 胸。
当要吃冰激凌时，雍慧开始感到不舒服了。她说，“吃了这么多油腻的、难消化
的食物，我 都觉得恶心了。我想吃我的蔬菜和水果。”这时候，王鹏正在吃第二
盘饺子，他叹了一口气，说道，“同 样地，（如果在你的餐馆）我还想吃我的饺
子和肥肉呢。你不觉得自己很容易疲乏么？”“是的，我的确 经常需要休息；”
雍慧承认了，“不过，难道你不认为你瘦一点更好么？我相信，那样你会觉得更
健康些。”

他们开始谈论菜谱和平衡膳食的问题。王鹏解释道，“我的研究表明，你 我
两家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。我没有提供足够的纤维食物，而你提供的食物
没有足够的营养 和热量。也许我们应该把我们的想法综合起来，作出一份富于
营养、热量和纤维的平衡食谱。”于是，他 们就照此做了。他们用生蔬菜配汉堡
包，煮土豆不是油炸土豆，还拿新鲜水果配上冰激凌。这样，他们减 少了饭菜
中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，
而雍慧却 胖了，过了不久，这两个人发现，他们生意上的合作变成了私人的合
作了。最后，他们结了婚，过上了幸 福美满的生活。

必修3 Unit 3

THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE

Act I, Scene 3
NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and
Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man
could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment,
they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is
Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know
what he should do.
RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?
HENRY: Who? Me, sir?
RODERICK: Yes, you.
OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.
HENRY: (A servant opens a door) Thanks.
SERVANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to
lead the way, sir.

OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all.
RODERICK: How do you do, Mr ... er ...?
HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.
OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.
HENRY: Thank you.
RODERICK: You're an American?
HENRY: That's right, from San Francisco.
RODERICK: How well do you know London?
HENRY: Not at all, it's my first trip here.
RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you'd mind us asking a few questions.
HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.
RODERICK: May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans
are?
HENRY: Well, I can't say that I have any plans. I'm hoping to find work.
As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.
OLIVER: How is that possible?
HENRY: Well, you see, back home I had my own boat. About a month

ago, I was sailing out of the bay ... (his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner
on table)
OLIVER: Well, go on.
HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to
sea by a strong wind. It was all my fault. I didn't know whether I could survive until
morning. The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted
by a ship.
OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England.
HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an
unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went to the American embassy to
seek help, but ... (The brothers smile at each other.)
RODERICK: Well, you mustn't worry about that. It's an advantage.
HENRY: I'm afraid I don't quite follow you, sir.
RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?
HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind
of work here?
RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don't mind, may I ask you how much
money you have?
HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.
OLIVER: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands
together)
HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary,
in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don't think it's very funny. (Henry
stands up to leave) Now if you'll excuse me, I think I'll be on my way.
RODERICK: Please don't go, Mr Adams~ You mustn't think we don't care about
you. Oliver, give him the letter.
OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a
gift) The letter.
HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?
RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn't open it. Not
yet. You can't open it until two o'clock.
HENRY: Oh, this is silly.
RODERICK: Not silly. There's money in it. (calls to the servant) James?
HENRY: Oh, no. I don't want your charity. I just want an honest job.
RODERICK: We know you're hard- working. That's why we've given you the letter.
James, show Mr Adams out.
OLIVER: Good luck, Mr Adams.

HENRY: Well, why don't you explain what this is all about?
RODERICK: You'll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.
SERVANT: This way, sir.
RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o'clock. Promise?
HENRY: Promise. Goodbye.

THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE

Act I, Scene 4

(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decides to
go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.)
OWNER: (seeing Henry's poor appearance) That one's reserved. This way, please.
(to the waiter) Take this gentleman's order, Horace.
HENRY: (after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I'd like some
ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick. I'd also like a cup of coffee
and a pineapple dessert.
WAITER: Right, sir. I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of money.
HENRY: I understand. And I'll have a large glass of beer.
WAITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.)
HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf.
OWNER: We'll see if he's clever as a wolf, eh?
HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (waiter returns) Same
thing again, please. Oh, and another beer.
WAITER: Again? Everything?
HENRY: Yes, that's right. (sees the look on the waiter's face) Anything wrong?
WAITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He's asked for more of the same.
OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we'll have
to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.
WAITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That's two orders of ham and
eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two
desserts.
HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few
minutes?
WAITER: (in a rude manner) What's there to wait for?
OWNER: All right, Horace. I'll take care of this.
HENRY: (to owner) That was a wonderful meal. It's amazing how much pleasure

you get out of tile simple things in life, especially if you can't have them for a while.
OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help
the other customers.
HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it's two o'clock. (he
opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is
surprised but the owner and waiter are shocked) I'm very sorry. But ... I ... I don't
have anything smaller.
OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well .. er ... just one moment. Maggie, look!
(the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her
mouth) Do you think it's genuine?
HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don't know. I simply don't know.
OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this
amount ... Anyway, I don't think it can be a fake. People would pay too much
attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.
HOSTESS: But he's in rags!
OWNER: Perhaps he's a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered
something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it!
HOSTESS: (hits her husband's arm) And you put him in the back of the restaurant!
Go and see him at once.
OWNER: (to Henry) I'm so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.
HENRY: But it's all I have on me.
OWNER: Oh, please, don't worry, sir. Doesn't matter at all. We're so very glad that
you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you'll come here whenever
you like.
HENRY: Well, that's very kind of you.
OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it's kind of you. You must come whenever you want and
have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir,
please forget it.
HENRY: Forget it? Well ... thank you very much. That's very nice of you.
OWNER: Oh, it's for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my
heart. (The owner, hostess and waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)

必修3 Unit 4
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH

No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.
However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a
Bang
to create stars and other bodies.

For several billion years after the
cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion
years ago when
the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear
whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were
in
time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make
the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,
water
began to appear on its surface.
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it
had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be
fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the
continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids
into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for
life to develop.
Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to
appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas
with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts
of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land
animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as
well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the
first time. They produced young enerally by laying eggs. After that, some huge
animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for
more than 140 million years. However,
65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared
still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the
earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave
birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with
hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn,
become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the

earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which
prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many
scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will
continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this
problem can be solved.


A VISIT TO THE MOON

Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space
with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!
Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would
change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most
powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into
our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. It was so
hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and
I was able to talk to him.
earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.
earth now to feel its pull,
When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be
as strong a pull as the earth's.I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly
around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon
larger.
When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.
you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and
I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.
I shall certainly weigh less!I laughed and climbed down the steps from the
spaceship. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on
the earth and fell over.
that gravity has changed.
ourselves.
Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's. But
returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on
the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. Again we were pushed
hard into our seats as we came back to land. was very exhausting but very
exciting too,
visit some stars next time?

to?

必修3 Unit 5
A TRIP ON

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in
Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they
decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada. The
thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.

Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them
and their baggage to catch
the station, he chatted about their trip.
eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide
rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less
than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to
coast. Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part. People say it is Canada's
most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Skiing in the
Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most
popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of
Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet
there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier
that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of
some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was
Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the
world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild
horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.
At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres
of the USA border, and Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but
now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a
wheat- growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner,
they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the
Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great
Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than
any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world's total fresh water,

and much of it is in the Great Lakes.
That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior,
through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.

“THE TURE NORTH‖FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL

The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red,
gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in
Canada.
Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in
Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the
city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they
could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south
side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way
to the sea.
They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As
they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said,
old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth.
They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in
Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with
Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.
food here,
South China, especially Hong Kong. It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa,
Canada's capital. It's approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so
it would take too long.
The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next
morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs
and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters.
leave until this evening,
the spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their
workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad
St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.


trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.
said.
English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions. We love good

coffee, good bread and good music.
That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward
the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast, the cousins dreamed of
French restaurants and red maple leaves.


必修4 Unit 1
A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE

It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East
Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit
them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and
helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of
chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place
where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits
in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we
follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean
each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is
going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the
evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in
the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize
that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.

Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years
observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to
work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she
first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only
after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin
her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one
important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then
everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as
a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps
communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work
out their social system.
For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the
world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild
animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.

She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a
busy life but she says: I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the
chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say
to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?
they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ...
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their
own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the
forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.

WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to
study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at
the computer to do some research on great women of China.
By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a
specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had
been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing
books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small
book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She
gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from
sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought
needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and
realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an
emergency they could not reach a doctor.
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training
at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to
boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize
that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into
medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration
she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired
after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could
not pay her.
By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin
Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a
family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely
delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin
Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my

studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….

必修4 Unit 2
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE

Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping
considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his
sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of
Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan
Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first
agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special
strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same
fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this
hybrid strain.

Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest
Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been
his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At
that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan
searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent
harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These
increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the
farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and
many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his
research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his
hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being
famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather
keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah- jong,
swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also
means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has
more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others
for their research in agriculture.
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a
dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of
corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream

with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many
years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown
around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves
and cares for his people.


CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?

Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in
farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and
increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term
use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to
people's health.
What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they
damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.
Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects
crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and
cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's
bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In
addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually
grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is
usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to
turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any
chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil
reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore,
often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes
the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air,
soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They
often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing
corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or
soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as
wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use
different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface
followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer
planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil,

and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.
These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good
food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.

必修4 Unit 3
A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR

As Victor Hugo once said, is the sun that drives winter from the
human faceand up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie
Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars
and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt
depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.
Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His
parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that
Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could
walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the
family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family
even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his
brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most
popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary
everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made
everything entertaining.
As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as
his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The
tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes
and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This
character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to
overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were
unkind to him.
How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example
from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century
and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp
and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they
are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing
to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.
Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts
off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and

chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The
acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has
ever tasted!
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972
he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England
and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He
is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great
confidence.

ENGLISH JOKES

1 There are thousands of jokes which use
asks a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind
of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and
waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?

1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I think!
2 C: What's that?
W: It's bean soup.
C: I don't want to know what it's been. I want to know what it is now.
3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
W: No, sir. Round.


2 Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one
of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor
Watson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give
your reasons.

Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area.
They were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the
stars and whispered,
of?Watson replied, think of how short life is and how long the universe has
lasted.
again.
Holmes. Watson tried a third time.

people can be in their beds.
that someone has stolen our tent!


必修4 Unit 4
COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student
association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international
students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first
to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for
their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking
around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed
by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other,
I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on
the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in
defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira
Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As
they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at
that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand. They
both apologized - another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met
yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but
he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon
from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling
face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is
the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary,
simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will
often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.
As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural
languageNot all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they
comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same
way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings
using unspoken through physical distance, actions or posture. English
people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as
soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American

countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people
around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other
greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.
These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very
general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though,
studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of
cultural crossroads!

SHOWING OUR FEELINGS

Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often
even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of
feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to
others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken
communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and
actions are universal.
The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is
to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly
happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like
anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone
and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good
feelings.
From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In
most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows
anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and
threatening another person.
There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the
head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people also
understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.
How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning
will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and
look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am
interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what
I am hearing or do not like it.
Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general
it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every

culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing
at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some
similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an
amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!



必修4 Unit 5

THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme
parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons,
movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller
coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever
and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be
found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make
your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or
meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around
the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade
or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant
swinging ships to terrifying free- fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder
tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and
more than fun, come to Disneyland!
Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern
USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and
celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides,
the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there
all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see
carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the
old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American
southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still
working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's
largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the
best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most

length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about
America's historical southeastern culture!
If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights
and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.
Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the
Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin
the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting
area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to
fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area,
and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their
animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING


Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and
was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an
airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of
the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I
took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult
mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur,
the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!
I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is
one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based
theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant
movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can
get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of
the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The
amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on
learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning
centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as
learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.
I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are
also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect
mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let
Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For
anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby,

most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within
easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has
so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all.
Come ready to walk a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other
walking shoes!


必修5 Unit 1
JOHH SHOW DEFEATS ―KING CHOLERA‖

John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he
attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he
thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly
disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands
of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face
the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled
until its cause was found.
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera
killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of
dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that
people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the
disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed
evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his
enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to
gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had
lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the
deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and
40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9
Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further
investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge
Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.
It seemed that the water was to blame.
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He

immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the
pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had
shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other
deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away
from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to
her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the
water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that
polluted water carried the virus.
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the
source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed
not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally Cholerawas
defeated.


COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although
he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same
conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the
sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could
not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have
punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the
world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar
system.
The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in
the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others
appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth
was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to
find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his
mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So
between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt
it was complete.
In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the
old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system
with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also

suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained
changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends
were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was
cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only
published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his
theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be
attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the
universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things
fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus
showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link
between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen
Hawking.


必修5 Unit 2
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four
countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this
question if you study British history.
First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England
and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was
changed to BritainHappily this was accomplished without conflict when
King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the
English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom
by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of
Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern
Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and
this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.

To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the
currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and
legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is

divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of
England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is
known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of
the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide,
these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams
and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the
nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to
older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about
British history and culture.
The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art
collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and
its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD,
the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle
constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of
England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the
Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings,
influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth,
the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.
If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all
these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to
the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON

Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the
sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was
built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square
tower had remained standing for one thousand gh the buildings had
expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her
great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal
soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred- year-old uniform of
the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in
1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very
interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as
Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound
of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the

outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to
tell her friends!
The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous
clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is
an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very
useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken
standing on either side of the line.
The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It
seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and
died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the
Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place
into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so
many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she
saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other
objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.
The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle.
will see the Queen?



必修5 Unit 3
FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Spacemall: liqiang299A@
15113008 (Earthtime)
Dear Mum and Dad, I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize
that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I
suffered from ―Time lag‖. This is similar to the ―jet lag‖ you get from flying, but it
seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very
nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very
understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for
their expertise, his parents' company, called Tourstransported me safely
into the future in a time capsule.
I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all
to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were
comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The

capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few
minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth
but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed
thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh
air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new
situation, Wang Ping appeared.
much handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small
room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and
following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages
float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move
swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I
could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what
looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a lag
flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I
had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught
sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.
Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright
clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall
moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with
much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a
table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.
and eat a little?
Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be
ready for some said this, he spread some food on the table, and
produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath.
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
More news later from your loving son,
Li Qiang


I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS

My first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space.
Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of
the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the

31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.
G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of
the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists
working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can
now be sent using a
your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent.
It's stored on the of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and
environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her
message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for
the faults of the user, can we?
During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called
on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so
powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.
G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the
to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I
fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using
the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the
waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as
for the fields and for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything,
even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its
efficiency. But again we moved on.
G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices.
Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.
A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots
produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no
waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to
train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor
the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by
industrial spaceship back to earth.
My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation
increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.


必修5 Unit 4 Making the news-Reading
MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT

Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a
popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to
strongly influence his life as a journalist.
HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here
will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?
HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you'
re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced
journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.
ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and
camera.
HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take
photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able
to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.
ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur
course at university to update my skills.
HX: Good.
ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you
acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a
good
telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform
themselves of the missing parts of the story.
ZY: What should I keep in mind?
HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode,
don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
ZY: Why is listening so important?
HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the
next question depending on what the person says.
ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to
get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the
evidence to support your story.
ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of
getting the wrong end of the stick?
HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was

accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team
win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So
we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he
was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a
dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He
tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.
ZY: Wow! That was a real I'm looking forward to my first assignment
now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!
HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.


GETTING THE


be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.
into the office after an interview with a famous film star. he really do that?
asked someone from the International News Department. m afraid he did,
Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.
His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully.
Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse
him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that.
Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat
down at his computer and began to work.
The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his
department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the
copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller
heading. ―This will look very good on the page,‖ she said.
of this man?
took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She
was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. are really able to write a good
front page article,
editor read it and approved it.
me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.‖ ―I’ll bring it to you
immediately,
The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories
and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be

processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They
needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of
the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a
coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be
printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. 611
tonight,his friend whispered. expect there will be something about this on the
television news. A real scoop!


必修5 Unit 5 First aid-Reading
FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have
three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's
harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or
cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold,
heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin
gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the
treatment of bums.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire,
radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third
degree burns, depending on
which layers of the skin are burned.
◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are
not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild
sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.
◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe
sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.
◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and
organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning
clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim
must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns

First degree burns
◎ dry, red and mildly swollen
◎ mildly painful
◎ turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
◎ rough, red and swollen
◎ blisters
◎ watery surface
◎ extremely painful
Third degree burns
◎ black and white and charred
◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may
be pain around edge of injured area.
First aid treatment
1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take
off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns
under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning
process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put
cold water on third degree burns.
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not
so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin
of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over
again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the
wound may get infected.
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as
they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums
are on the face, the victim should sit up.
7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the
doctor or hospital at once.

HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD

Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver
Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a
shocking knife attack.
John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the
bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his
father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade,
mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front
garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's
life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when
nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from
their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He
slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and
ambulance arrived.
proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,John
said.
John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When
congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme
said,
school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real
difference.
Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers
attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.



选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art
have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it
would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this
text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.

The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious
themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and
people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols,
which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas
were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to
paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.

The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held
in the Middle began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a
more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical
Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really
were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their
superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of
themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw
things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When
people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a
hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no
one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints
were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look
richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be
able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.

Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly
agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the
countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes.
Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who
broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived
and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager
to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However,

because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.
Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people
disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it. They said that the
painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.

Modern Art (20th century to today)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial,
but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call
because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new
ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of
these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modem art is abstract;
that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but
instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to
represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that
they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what
painting styles there will be in the future?


THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES

The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in
New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house,
furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for
pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this
excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which
are well worth a Visit.

Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and
drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is
always changing. It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and
Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also
world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you
were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from
the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular path.

The museum also has an excellent restaurant.

Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This
covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including
America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The
museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient
ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical
room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.

Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to
the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art
includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.
A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often
very crowded.

Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American
painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and
exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special
exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by
contemporary video artists.


选修6 Unit 2 Poems-Reading
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story
or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others
try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express
themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.
These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's
poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children
because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not
make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By
playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.

A Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird. If
that mockingbird won't sing, Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond
ring turns to brass, Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass. If that looking-glass gets
broke, Papa's going to buy you a billy- goat. If that billy-goat runs away, Papa's going
to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.
List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern
and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).
B I saw a fish-portal all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve- feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two horses making lace,
I saw g girl just like a cat,
I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I saw a man who saw these too,
And said though strange they all were true.
C Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,
if we hadn't taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a
poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a
few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.

D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too
Mine
E Summer Sleepy, salty Drying, drooping, dreading Week in, week out Endless
F A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
G Snow having melted, The whole village is brimful Of happy children.

(by Issa)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a
traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy
to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling
using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations
from the Japanese.
H Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking
back,Transformed into by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain
the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.,

(by Wang Jian)
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry
- Tang poems from China in particular? A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into
English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may
eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and
certainly worth a try!


I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER


I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.

I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness

Where your mind can feed.


And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.

I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.

But if you've a need for love
I'll give you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've found your own.
(by Rod McKuen)


选修6 Unit 3 A healthy life-Reading

ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I
have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my
age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in
two weeks time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due
to the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells
me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to
give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to
stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different
ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the
hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes
accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get

withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain.
Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing
over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become
mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette,
so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all
three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.
When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn't
know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it
was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn't know
their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way.
Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers.
However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said
my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She
told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I
became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was
taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit
smoking.
I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and
strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a
life as I have.
Love from
Grandad


Reading and discussing

Before you read the poster below, discuss what you know about HIVAIDS with your
classmates. Make a list of words that you might come across in this poster.
HIVAIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK?
HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There
are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV
weakens a person's immune system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease.
You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage
your immune system so much that you body can no longer fight disease. This stage of
the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very
small.
HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a

person to become infected, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get
inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a
cure for HIVAIDS.
Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to
make sure you stay safe.
If you inject drugs:
do not share your needle with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or
in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the
virus into your own blood.
do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting could
have spilt on it.
If you have sex with a male or a female:
use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.
The following statements are NOT true.
A person cannot get HIV the first time they have . If one sexual partner
has HIV, the other partner could become infected.
You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have . Many
people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has
progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
Only homosexuals get . Anyone who has sex with a person infected
with H1VAIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become
infected than men.
If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get
can only get the disease from blood or sexual
unately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of
people are afraid that they will get HIVAIDS from those infected
with HIV!AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to
look after them when they are sick.
You can get HIVAIDS from . There is no evidence of
this.



选修6 Unit 4 Global warming-Reading
THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER- BUT DOES IT MATTER?
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree
Fahrenheit. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase

when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it
matter? Earth Care’s Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it
is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but
natural phenomenon.
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature
is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
Some byproducts of this process are called
one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: is a natural
phenomenon that scientists call the 'greenhouse effect'. This is when small amounts of
gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat
from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the 'greenhouse effect', the earth
would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. So, we need those gases.
The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere
causing the global temperature to go up.

We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the
last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate
measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up
from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million
(see Graph 2).
All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more
and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high
will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years
the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as
high as 5 degrees.



However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise is completely different. On
the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5
degrees would be a catastrophe. She says,
to know what to expect, but it could be very who agree with her
think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms,
floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On

the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view,
believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They
predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In
fact, Hambley states,
plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of
animals - all of which will make life for human beings better.

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start
reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is
going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of
global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?


WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?
Dear Earth Care,
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. Sometimes I feel
that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems. However,
1 still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.
As I'm not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions
you may have.
Thank you!
Ouyang Guang
Dear Ouyang Guang,
There are many people who have a commitment like yours, but they do not believe
they have the power to do anything to improve our environment. That is not true.
Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up with pollution.
The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result
of many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.
They should get you started with your project.
1 We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on
so long as you are using it - if not, turn it off! Do not be casual about this. So if you
are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off. If you are
cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy- so walk or ride a bike if you can.
3 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things
made from recycled materials.

4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy - this includes cars
as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.
5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from
the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.
6 Finally and most importantly, be an educator. Talk with your family and friends
about global warming and tell them what you have learned.
Remember - your contribution counts!
Earth Care



选修6 Unit 5 The power of nature-Reading

AN EXCITING JOB
I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work
alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in
an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people
and tourists, I am never bored.
Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me
and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I
help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the
volcano.

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano
Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database
about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having
collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava
from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives
because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.
Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have
been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes
less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of
Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the
mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the
molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never
forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.

Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my
bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my
window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take
much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as
bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount
Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and
red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely
fantastic sight.
The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at
it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as
possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier
collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any
closer. All three of us looked like had white protective suits that
covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to
walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked
down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to
collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top
and watched them.
Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having
studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as
their potential to cause great damage.


THE LRKE OF HERVEN

Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast of this beautiful,
mountainous area is thick forest . Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and
it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the
world to enjoy. The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over
2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. Among the
rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers. Many people come to
Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals. Others come to walk in the
mountains, to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.
However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi
or the Lake of Heaven.
Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of
the mountain. The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres

deep. In winter the surface freezes over. It takes about an hour to climb from the end
of the road to the top of the mountain. When you arrive you are rewarded not only
with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain
peaks that surround Tianchi.
There are many stories told about Tianchi. The most well-known concerns
three young women from heaven. They were bathing in Tainchi when a bird flew
above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl. When she
picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her swallowed the fruit, the
girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy. It is said that this boy,
who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't
forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep
and lasting as the lake itself.


选修7 Unit 1 Living well-Reading
MARTY’S STORY

Hi, my name is Marry Fielding and I guess you could say that I am
in a million
muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as
other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into
furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very
outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a
time.
Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb
trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional
football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get
weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In
the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for nearly three months. I
think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of
muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one
could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.
One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So
sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath
after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes,
too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned

after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have
accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me
annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have
found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is
to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year
invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as
going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with
my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after
my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of
work, especially if I have been away for a while.
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger
psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal
life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it
would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't
feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just
accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a
life as you do.
Thank you for reading my story.


A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECT


Look at the pictures. Discuss the problems that people with walking
difficulties might have in a cinema.
Ms L Sanders Alice Major
Chief architect 64 Cambridge
Street
Cinema Designs Bankstown
44 Hill Street
Bankstown
24 September, 200__
Dear Ms Sanders,
I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new
Bankstown cinema.I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought

about the needs of disabled customers. In particular I wonder if you have considered
the following things:

1 Adequate access for wheelchairs. It would be handy to have lifts to all
parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a
wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter. In some cinemas, the lifts
are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive places. As disabled people have
to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.

2 Earphones for people who have trouble hearing. It would help to fit sets
of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them. This would allow hearing-impaired
customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a
special area.

3 Raised seating. People who are short cannot always see the screen. So
I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so
that everyone can see the screen easily. Perhaps there could be a space at the end of
each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.

4 Toilets. For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the
toilets near the entrance to the cinema. It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is
in the basement a long way from where the film is showing. And if the doors could be
opened outwards, disabled customers would be very happy.

5 Car parking. Of course, there are usually spaces specially reserved for
disabled and elderly drivers. If they are close to the cinema entrance andor exit, it is
easier for disabled people to get to film in comfort.

Thank you for reading my letter. I hope my suggestions will meet with
your approval. Disabled people should have the same opportunities as able-bodied
people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity.I am sure many people will
praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people. It will also
make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profits!
Yours sincerely,
Alice Major

选修7 Unit 2 Robots - Reading
SATISFACTION GURANTEED
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun
experimenting with a household robot. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife,
Claire.
Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would
be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her
or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. However, when she first saw the
robot, she felt alarmed. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a
machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his
facial expression never changed.
On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron, brought her breakfast and
then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed and quickly
told him to go. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said
that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be
offered sympathy by a robot. But she began to trust him. She told him how she was
overweight and this made her feel unhappy. Also she felt her home wasn't elegant
enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. She wasn't
like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her
home more elegant. So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to
read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page
and suddenly reached for his hand. She was amazed by his fingernails and the
softness and warmth of his skin. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.
Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore. As he
was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.
Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding. Then
she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace. When the clerk at the counter was
rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. The clerk
immediately changed his attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be
discovered by her, Claire thought. By the amused and surprised look on her face,
Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire's
husband's name was Larry, not Tony.

When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair. Gladys
was everything Claire wanted to be. can be like her,Tony told her and
suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was
to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected the house to be
completely transformed.
Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help once but
was too fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he
managed to catch her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth
of his body. She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the
day.
The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would
be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another that moment, Tony
folded his arms around her, bending his face close to hers. She cried out
then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt
more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. Tony freed her
and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the
curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything !
The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious
cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that
she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied
by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a
handsome lover.
Then she remembered -Tony was just a machine. She shouted
me alone
and took Tony away.
The company was very pleased with Tony's report on his three weeks
with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm. He had prevented Claire
from harming herself through her own sense of failure. He had opened the curtains
that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was
no risk to Claire's marriage. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have
to be rebuilt -you cannot have women failing in love with machines.


A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOV
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books
that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the
Holy Bible and Shakespeare. But he is best known for his science fiction stories.

Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore
future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of
everything, in the present and the past.
Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920. It
ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, when he died as a result of an HIV infection
that he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.
When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one-year-old
sister to New York City. There his parents bought a candy store which they ran for the
next 40 or so years. At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third
child, Asimov started working part-time in the store. He helped out through his
school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master's degree in
chemistry. In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior
chemist and worked there for three years. In 1948 he got his PhD in chemistry. The
next year he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine.
In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full-time writer.
It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became
obvious. He had told a friend two chapters of a story he had written. The friend
thought he was retelling a story from a book. This really surprised Asimov and from
that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer. Asimov began having
stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939. In 1950 he published his first
novel and in 1953 his first science book.
Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science
fiction books and his science books. Among his most famous works of science fiction,
one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951-1953), three novels
about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. It was loosely
based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future. These books are
famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to
show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future. He is also well known for his
collection of short stories, I, Robot (1950), in which he developed a set of three

beings or allow them to be injured. Some of his ideas about robots later influenced
other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence.
Asimov was married twice. He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son
and a daughter. Their marriage lasted 31 years. Soon after his divorce in 1973,
Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.

选修7 Unit 3 Under the sea - Reading
OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE
I was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. I had heard of the
killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales. I thought, at the time, that
this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was I sorting out my'
accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. We ran down to the shore
in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and
then crashing down again. It was black and white and fish-shaped. But I knew it
wasn't a fish.



Another whaler yelled out,
announced there was about to be a whale hunt.

already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have
the right clothes on, I raced after him.
Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and
headed out into the bay. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom
swimming by the boat, showing us the way. A few minutes later, there was no Tom,
so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to
the boat, leading us to the hunt again.
Using a telescope we could see that something was happening. As we
drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.

it's teamwork - the killers over there are throwing themselves on
top of the whale's blow-hole to stop it breathing. And those others are stopping it
diving or fleeing out to sea,
that moment, the most extraordinary thing happened. The killers started racing
between our boat and the whale just like a pack of excited dogs.
Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it
at the whale. He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. Being badly wounded, the
whale soon died. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers
down into the depths of the sea. The men started turning the boat around to go home.

no,Jack replied. return tomorrow to bring in the body. It

won't float up to the surface for around 24 hours.
the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue,
Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters, they, never
harmed or attacked people. In fact, they protected them. There was one day when we
were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.

The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The
waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James's face, I
could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark.



It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we
approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I
couldn't believe my eyes.
There were shouts of done, Old Tomand 'Thank Godas we
pulled James back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt
where the other killers were still attacking the whale.


A NEW DIMENSION OF LIFE
19th January
I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting
on the day – a day of pure magic! I went snorkelling on the reef offshore this morning
and it was the most fantastic thing I have ever done. Seeing such extraordinary beauty,
I think every cell in my body woke up. It was like discovering a whole new
dimension of life.
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding
me - purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. The corals were fantastic -
they were shaped like fans, plates, brains, lace, mushrooms, the branches of trees and
the horns of deer. And all kinds of small, neat and elegant fish were swimming in and
around the corals.

The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them. I especially
loved the little orange and white fish that hid in the waving long thin seaweed. And I
also loved the small fish that clean the bodies of larger fish - I even saw them get
inside their mouths and clean their teeth! It seemed there was a surprise waiting for

me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with
my underwater flashlight: the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down,
and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth; a yellow-spotted
red sea-slug was sliding by a blue sea-star; a large wise- looking turtle was passing so
close to me that I could have touched it.

There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close to - an eel
with its strong sharp teeth, with only its head showing from a hole, watching for a
tasty fish (or my tasty toe!); and the giant clam halt buried in some coral waiting for
something to swim in between its thick green lips. Then there were two grey reef
sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind
some coral. I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling
scared to death for a moment!

The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep
drop to the sandy ocean floor. It marked a boundary and I thought I was very brave
when I swam over the edge of the reef and hung there looking down into the depths
of the ocean. My heart was beating wildly - I felt very exposed in such deep clear
water.
What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! And what a tiny
spot I was in this enormous world!




选修7 Unit 4 Sharing- Reading
A LETTER HOME
Dear Rosemary,
Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive. It was wonderful
to hear from you. I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included
some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.

You asked about my high school. Well, it's a bush school – the
classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It takes me only a few
minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. When I reach the school grounds
there are lots of
long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.

There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! l'm still trying
to adapt to these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, I've become more
imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students
have no concept of
doing experiments. In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it
from my house in a bucket! The other day I was showing the boys the weekly
chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over
everywhere! The boys who had never come across anything like this before started
jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these
students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To
be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.

You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people. Well, that's actually
quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet. But last
weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of
the boys, Tombe. It was my first visit to a remote village. We walked for two and a
half hours to get there - first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic
views and then down a steep path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village,
Tombe's mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying

of Tombe's.

Tombe's father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with
grass sticking out of the roof - this shows it is a man's house. The huts were round,
not rectangular like the school buildings.

There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get
through. The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass
had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to
sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to
share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another
part of the hut. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The
only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple
of jars.

Outside Mukap was building a fire. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it.
When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn

and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.
I sniffed the food; it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I
loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even
though I could not participate the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our
interpreter.

Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.I was puzzled. Tombe told me
that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers
attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then
thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they don't waste anything.


We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm
handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the
mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege
to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
It's getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow's lessons and do some
paperwork. Please write soon.
Love
Jo

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选修7 Unit 5 Travelling abroad- Reading
KEEP IT UP,XIE LEI
CHINESE STUDENGT FITTING WELL
Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded
a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But
I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect,
her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.
Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a
business qualification. She is halfway through the preparation year, which most
foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. Xie Lei highly
recommends it.
is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.

of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,
who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to
learn almost everything again.
how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I
didn't know the English for. When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions,
I didn't always understand. They don't talk like they do on our listening tapes,
said, laughing.
Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice. Although

some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to
board with English families. Living with host families, in which there may be other
college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
hear an idiom that I don't understand, I can ask my host family for help,
Lei.
be with.
Xie Lei's preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic
requirements of a Western university.
she told me. found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the
information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and
handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was
numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First of all,
he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledging them.
Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most
important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I
thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. My tutor explained
that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse
what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by
referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I'd
read! At first I lacked confidence, but now I'm beginning to get the idea and my
marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.
Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and
what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. just got one
more thing to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for
social activities. I think it's important to have a balance between study and a social
life, so I'm going to join a few clubs. Hope- fully I'll make some new friends.
We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions of this newspaper but for
now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.

PERU
Peru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and centuries-old
Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline. TRAVEL
PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. The following tours are based at Cuzco, the
site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.

Tour 1
Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up. During this

four-day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins
we pass on our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time
to see the sunrise over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca
city before catching the train back to Cuzco.


Tour 2
A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the
highland countryside. From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on
the way at the floating islands of the Uros people. These floating islands and the Uros
Indian's houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake. A full-day stay
with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life. Return to
Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.

Tour 3
Spend four days high in the-Andes at Cuzco. Learn about its history and
visit the museums. Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish
cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets.
Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of
the Inca king.

Tour 4
A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands
of the Amazon Jungle. From here you'll travel by boat to your accommodation in a
forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area. From
the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.



选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading
CALIFORNIA

California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also
has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted
people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on
in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the
history of California.

NATIVE AMERCANS
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one
really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at
least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the
Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in
prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native
people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition,
many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived
these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California
than in any other state.
THE SPANISH
In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in
South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people
and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South
America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the
first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was
to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained
their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the
United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico
had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence
in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or
second language.
RUSSIANS
In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling
in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around
San Francisco.
GOLD MINERS
In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.
The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The
nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the
United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few
achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most
remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They
settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the
thirty- first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
LATER A RRIVALS
Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the

building of
the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to
California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California,
although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the
and San Francisco.
Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in
California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a
town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the
film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom
attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second
largest Jewish population in the United States.
Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century,
and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been
living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However,
even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.
MOST RECENT ARRIVALS
In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia,
including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the
1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.
THE FUTURE
People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still
immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be
so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a
mixture of many races and cultures.

GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNE

Monday 12th, June
Arrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage,
shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From
top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873,
the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better
form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw
a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the
situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.
Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian
fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing

industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.
It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.
Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel
like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!

Tuesday 13th, June
Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.
Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for
tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's
a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to
admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a
really good idea of what the city's like.
In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants
settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like
old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of
markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing
documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese
immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a
delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.

Wednesday 14th, June
In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.
On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel
Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for
right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some
did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable
stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote
poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In
1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people
were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful
and thankful for my life today.


选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-Reading
CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?

Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making

an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take
cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when
twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The
fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.
Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce
commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant
species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while
cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts
to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists
paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure
works like this:


On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of
the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop
normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had
become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses
were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half
years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate
affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all
scientists were: this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it
happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research
procedure?

On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had
a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It
suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious
illnesses and even to produce human beings.

Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning
research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone
themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions.
Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their
legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China
and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that
cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or
harm us and where it is leading us.

THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS?

The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals has always
excited film makers. And they are not the only ones! The popularity of films such as
Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves
how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts. But in fact
we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals. Scientists are still
experimenting with cloning mammals. This is because the cloning of mammals is still
a new science and its story only began seriously in the 1950s as this list shows:

1950s cloning of frogs
1996 first clone of a mammal: Dolly the sheep
1970s research using the embryos of mice 2000 cow gave birth to
a bison
1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice 2001 China's first
cloned twin calves
1981 first experimental clones of mice 2002 first cloned
cats
1983 first experimental clones of cows 2005 first cloned
dog

…

From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can
possibly be brought back to life through cloning. Unfortunately, with what we know
now, this is either impossible or unsuitable. There are many reasons.
◎ The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA (which gives information
for how cells
are to grow).
◎ All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in
the group to overcome illnesses. Diversity in a group means
having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. The advantage is
that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,

but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next
generation. The great drawback to cloning a group of
animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so
might die of the same illness. Then none of them would be left to
continue the species.
◎ It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo. A
suitable habitat would be needed for them to lead a natural life.

Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been
extinct longer than 10,000 years. Actually, dinosaurs disappeared 65,000,000 years
ago. So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.





选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions-Reading
THE PROBLEM OF THE SHRIKES

When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was
very upset. are some snakes in our courtyard,she told me. come
near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far
from the walnut tree. Can you get rid of them please?
chance for .me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would
catch snakes but not harm them. I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these
living creatures!
The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help
me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. A new approach
was clearly needed. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest
way to trap them. Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution easier.
Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible
approaches: firstly, removing their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a trap using
male or female perfume or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they would become
sleepy and could be easily caught. I decided to use the last one. I bought an ice-cream
maker which was made of stainless steel. Between the outside and the inside walls of
the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. I put the bowl into the fridge
and waited for 24 hours. At the same time I prepared some ice-cubes.

The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. I placed the frozen
bowl over the snakes' habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.
Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket. Then I waited. After two hours
I removed the bucket and the bowl. The snakes were less active but they were still too
fast for me. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. So I had to
adjust my plan.
For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed
them over the snakes' habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool.
Then as before, I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight.
Early the next morning I returned to see the result. This time with great caution I bent
down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy. But once picked up, they
tried to bite me. As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my
design again.
My third attempt repeated the second procedure. The next morning I carried in
my hand a small net used for catching fish. This was in the expectation that the
snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble
and all went according to plan. I collected the passive snakes and the next day we
merrily released them all back into the wild.
Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to
get recognition for
my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. Only after you have
had that
recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. The criteria are so strict that it
is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. In addition, no
invention will get a patent if it is:
◎a discovery
◎a scientific idea or mathematical model
◎literature or art
◎a game or a business
◎a computer programme
◎a new animal or plant variety

Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that
your product really
is different from everyone else's. There are a large number of patent examiners, too,
whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. If it passes all the
tests, your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you

apply. So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent
Office. Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping. You'll know if I succeed by the size
of my bank balance! Wish me luck!


ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland, but when he was
young his family moved to Boston, USA. His mother was almost entirely deaf, so
Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf
education. This interest led him to invent the microphone. He found that by pressing
his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make his mother understand what he
was saying.
He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous
saying was:

you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow
it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth
thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of
thought.
It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most
famous invention - the telephone in 1876. Bell never set out to invent the telephone
and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. This original telegraph
sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a
wire in a particular order). But only one message could go at a time. Bell wanted to
improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time. He designed a
machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations
to be held at the same time. But he found the problem difficult to solve. One day as
he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the
other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the
straw drew sound waves on the glass. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration. If sound
waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a
wire. In searching to improve the telegraph,
Bell had invented the first telephone!
Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his
father:

like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.
The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that
Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. The words have now
become famous:

Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many
other areas of invention. He experimented with helicopter designs and flying
machines. While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell
experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape. Being
very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.
Bell was an inventor all his life. He made his first invention at eleven and his
last at seventy- five. Although he is most often associated with the invention of the
telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve
the quality of everybody's life.


选修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion-Reading
PYGMALION

MAIN CHARACTERS:
Eliza Doolittle (E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself
Professor Higgins (H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a
person's English decides hisher position in society
Colonel Pickering (CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets
him a task

Act One FATEFUL
MEETINGS
11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre. It is pouring with
rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions. A man is hiding from the rain
listening to people's language and watching their reactions. While watching, he
makes notes. Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also
sheltering from the rain. A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.
E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.
G: I'm sorry but I haven't any change.
E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.
G: (surprised) For a pound? I'm afraid I've got nothing less.

E: (hopefully) Oah! Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain. Take this for three
pence. (holds up some dead flowers)
G: (uncomfortably) Now don't be troublesome, there's a good girl. (looks in his wallet
and sounds more friendly) But, wait, here's some small change. Will that be of any
use to you? It's raining heavily now, isn't it? (leaves)
E: (disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing) Thank you, sir.
(sees a man taking notes and feels worried) Hey! I ain’t done nothing wrong by
speaking to that gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers, I have. I ain’t no thief. I'm an
honest girl I am! (begins to cry)
H: (kindly) There! There! Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?
(gives her a handkerchief)
E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.
H: Do I look like a policeman?
E: (still worried) Then why did 'ou take down my words for? How do I know whether
'ou took me down right? 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me!
H: Here you are. (hands over the paper covered in writing)
E: What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read that. (pushes it back at him)
H: I can. (reads imitating Eliza)
poor girl.
in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken.
E: (looking confused) What if I was? What's it to you?
CP: (has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins) That's quite brilliant!
How did you do that, may I ask?
H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech. That's my
profession and also my hobby. You can place a man by just a few remarks. I can
place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in
London sometimes.

CP: Let me congratulate you! But is there an income to be made in that?
H: Yes, indeed. Quite a good one. This is the age of the newly rich. People begin their
working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a
rich one with 100 thousand. But they betray themselves every time they open their
mouths. Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady ...
CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!
H: (rudely) Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn
her to the gutter to the end of her days. But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak
properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an

ambassador's garden party. Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a
shop assistant, which requires better English.
E: What's that you say? A shop assistant? Now that's sommat I want, that is!
H: (ignores her) Can you believe that?
CP: Of course! I study many Indian dialects myself and ...
H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering?
CP: Indeed I do, for that is me. Who are you?
H: I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.
CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
E: What about me? How'll you help me?
H: Oh, take that. (carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket) We must
have a celebration, my dear man. (leave together)
E: (looking at the collected money in amazement) Well, I never. A whole pound! A
fortune! That'll help me, indeed it will. Tomorrow I'll find you, Henry Higgins. Just
you wait and see! All that talk of (imitates him)
voice) I'll see whether you can get that for me ... (goes out)


Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING THE BET

It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day. Henry Higgins and Colonel
Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
H: Do you want to hear any more sounds?
CP: No, thank you. I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four
distinct vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me. I can't distinguish
most of them.
H: (laughing) Well, that comes with practice.

There is a knock and Mrs Pearce (MP), the housekeeper, comes in with
cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.
MP: (hesitating) A young girl is asking to see you.
H: A young girl! What does she want?
MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails.I thought perhaps you
wanted her to talk into your machines.
H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll her in, Mrs Pearce.
MP: (only half resigned to it) Very well, sir. (goes downstairs)
H: This is a bit of luck. I'll show you how I make records on wax disks ...

MP: (returning) This is the young girl, sir. (Eliza comes into the room shyly
following Mrs Pearce. She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress. She curtsies to the
two men.)
H: (disappointed) Why! I've got this girl in my records. She's the one we saw the
other day. She's no use at all. Take her away.
CP: (gently to Eliza) What do you-want, young lady?
E: (upset) I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street.
But they won't take me 'less I speak better. So here I am, ready to pay him. I'm not
asking for any favours - and he treats me like dirt.
H: How much?
E: (happier) Now yer talking. A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two
shillings an hour from a real Frenchman. You wouldn't have the face to ask me for the
same for teaching me as yer would for French. So I won't give yer more than a
shilling.
H: (ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering) If you think of how much money this
girl has - why, it's the best offer I've had! (to Eliza) But if I teach you, I'll be worse
than a father.
CP: I say, Higgins. Do you remember what you said last night? I'll say you're the
greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady. I'll be the referee for this little
bet and pay for the lessons too ...
E: (gratefully) Oh, yer real good, yer are. Thank you, Colonel.
H: Oh, she is so deliciously low. (compromises) OK, I'll teach you. (to Mrs Pearce)
But she'll need to be cleaned first. Take her away, Mrs Pearce. Wash her and burn her
horrible clothes. We'll buy her new ones. What's your name, girl?
E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean. My clothes went to the laundry when I washed
last week.
MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning. If
these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same. They won't like the smell
of you otherwise.
E: (sobbing) I can't. I dursn't. It ain't natural and it'd kill me. I've never had a bath in
my life; not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off. I'd
never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do ...
H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately. (Outside Eliza is still
weeping with Mrs Pearce) You see the problem, Pickering. It'll be how to teach her
grammar, not just pronunciation. She's in need of both.
CP: And there's another problem, Higgins. What are we going to do once the
experiment is over?

H: (heartily) Throw her back.
CP: But you cannot overlook that! She'll be changed and she has feelings too. We
must be practical, mustn't we?
H: Well, we'll deal with that later. First, we must plan the best way to teach her.
CP: How about beginning with the alphabet. That's usually considered very
effective ... (fades out as they go offstage together)


选修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading
A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES

A group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.
An archaeologist (A) is showing them round.
A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China. It is a great pleasure to meet
you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. You must be aware
that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this
part of the world. We've been excavating here for many years and ...
S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and
trees.
A: Good question. You are an acute observer. We have found human and animal
bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. So we think
it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.
It must have been very uncomfortable.
A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires. That
would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.
We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that
they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We haven't found any doors but we
think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold
during the freezing winter.
S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago?
A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think
these were their most dangerous enemies. Now what do you think this tells us about
the life of these early people? (shows picture of a sewing needle)
S2.: Gosh! That's a needle. Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?
A: What else do you think it might have been used for?
S4: Let me look at it. It's at most three centimetres long. Ah yes, it seems to be made

of bone. I wonder how they made the hole for the ...
S2: (interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get
the material?
A: They didn't have material like we have today. Can you guess what they used?
Sl: Wow! Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare
them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.
A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. We
continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools. It seems that they
used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. Then smaller
scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin. After that they
would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. Finally, they would
cut it and sew the pieces together. Quite a difficult and messy task! Now look at this.
(shows a necklace)
S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance
like we do? It's lovely!
A:Yes, and so well preserved. What do you think it's made of?.
S4:Let me see. Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are
made of shells.
A:How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from
the seaside. Can you identify any other bones?
S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone. Is that reasonable?
A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here
used to be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.
S3:But a lake is not the sea. We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get
here?
A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on
their journeys. We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.
They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted
animals. That's why they are called hunters and gatherers. Now, why don't we go and
visit the caves?

THE FEAST: 18,000 BC

Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home
with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. It was the custom of family groups
to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the
animal herds across the grasslands. A wrinkle appeared on her forehead. If only it

could be just like last year! At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her
as the future mother of his children. He was the best toolmaker in the group and it
was a great honour for her to be chosen. She remembered the blood pulsing through
her veins. She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. If
only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! Then she wouldn't have been
feeling so worried now.
Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up
the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She
had no man with his spear to protect her. She had almost reached her destination
when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. So the men had brought
home the meat for the feast! The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her,
and her senses became dizzy with hunger. She could see her mother and the older
children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire. Her aunts were making clothes
with animal skins. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing,
shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief. It was good to have her family around
her.
Just then a tall man came up behind her. He had a large, square face, with
strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones. Over his shoulder he carried several
fish and some pieces of wood under his arm. Lala smiled and handed some stone
scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the
cave and pulled out some more tools. They were in a pile with other sharp
arrowheads and stone axe-heads. He chose one large stone and began to use it like a
hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening. Now and then Dahu
would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task. He
stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape
the fish. As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring
caves began to arrive for dinner. Lala's spirits rose. Yes, it was going to be just as
wonderful as last year! She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to
welcome her friends and neighbours.


选修9 Unit 1 Breaking records-Reading

Ashrita Furman is a sportsman who likes the challenge of breaking Guinness records.
Over the last 25 years, he hasbroken approximately 93 Guinness records. More than
twenty of these he still holds, including the record for having the most records. But

these records are not made in any conventional sport like swimming or soccer. Rather
Ashrita attempts to break records in very imaginative events and in very interesting
places.
Recently, Ashrita achieved his dream of breaking a record in all seven continents,
including hula hooping in Australia, pogo stick jumping under water in South
America, and performing deep knee bends in a hot air balloon in North America.
While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in
reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as
determination.
Think about the fine neck adjustments needed to keep a full bottle of milk on your
head while you are walking. You can stop to rest or eat but the bottle has to stay on
your head.
While Ashrita makes standing on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy, it is not. It
takes a lot of concentration and a great sense of balance to stay on it. You have to
struggle to stay on top especially when your legs start shaking.
And what about somersaulting along a road for 12 miles? Somersaulting is a tough
event as you have to overcome dizziness, extreme tiredness and pain. You are
permitted to rest for only five minutes in every hour of rolling but you are allowed to
stop briefly to vomit.
Covering a mile in the fastest time while doing gymnastically correct lunges is yet
another event in which Ashrita is outstanding. Lunges are extremely hard on your
legs. You start by standing and then you step forward with the fight foot while
touching the left knee to the ground. Then you stand up again and step forward with
the left foot while touching the fight knee to the ground. Imagine doing this for a
mile!
Yet this talented sportsman is not a natural athlete. As a child he was very unfit and
was not at all interested in sports. However, he was fascinated by the Guinness Book
of World Records.
How Ashrita came to be a sportsman is an interesting story. As a teenager, he began
searching for a deeper meaning in life. He studied Eastern religions and, aged 16,
discovered an Indian meditation teacher called Sri Chinmoy who lived in his
neighbourhood in New York City. Since that time in the early 1970s, Ashrita has been
one of Sri Chinmoy's students. Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people
to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves. He
believes that there is no limit to people's physical abilities.
When Ashrita came third in a 24-hour bicycle marathon in New York's Central Park
in 1978, he knew that he would one day get into the Guinness Book of World

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