初中复合句教学课件
93年属啥-培训学习总结
复合句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句通常分为以下几类
(1)连词that(在口语和非正式文体中常省去)
I hear(that)he
will be back in a month(我听说他一个月后讲返回)
She
said(that)she missed us very much(她说她非常想念我们)
(
2)连接代词(what,who,which,whose)或连副词(when,where,
wh
y,how)以及由how构成的词组how many,how long等。
He asked
who could answer the question(他问谁能回到这个问题)
Do
you know which film they are talking
about?(你知道他们谈论的是
哪部电影吗)
Please tell me when
we will have the meeting(请告诉我什么时候开会)
(3)连词if或whether
Could you tell us
if(whether)it snows in winter in
Australia?(你能告
诉我们澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?)
I want to
know whether (if)he lives there(我想知道他是否住在哪儿)
宾语从句用法歌诀
学宾语从句要注意,引导词时态和语态。
陈述句that来引导。一般可以省略去。
一般问句表“是否”,if或whether来引导。
陈述语序最为妙,特殊问句作宾从。
凝问词引导就能行,陈述语序要记清。
二、宾语从句应注意以下几点:
宾语从句的语序是陈述句
错误:Can you tell me where is
the bus-stop?
正确:Can you tell me where the
bus-stop is?
主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态,宾语从句谓语动词的时态
要选用相应的过去某一种形式。
错误:He said he has been to
Beijing
正确:He said he had been to Beijing
如果宾语从句表示的是科学真理,客观事实、格言时,即使主句是过
去时态,从句扔用一般现在时。
He said that the Yellow River is the second
longest river in China。
宾语从句时态歌诀
主句谓语过去时,
宾从动作后发生,
主从时态要一致。 过去将来时态用。
主从动作同发生,
宾从表达是真理,
过去进行从句中。 一般现在代过去。
宾从动作先发生,
以上规律记心里,
过去完成时态用。 学好宾从没问题。
不能用了连接代词(副词)用that。
错误:I don’t know that
why he hasn’t come yet.
正确:I don’t know why he
hasn’t come yet.
三、状语从句
状语从句在主从
复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,
其前一般不
加逗号。状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、
结果、目的等
等。
常用状语从句用法歌诀
状语从句三要点, 状语从句条件表,
时间原因和条件。 If前面来引导。
从句如果表时间,
主句通常前面走,
When,after,before走在前。 从句紧紧跟在后。
状语从句原因表, 从句如在主句前,
Because前面来引导。 从句之后加逗号。
(1)时间状语从句
由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,as
soon as等从属连
词引导。
It was raining when I went
to school yesterday.
After the meeting is
over, there will be a film.
We didn’t start
until he left.(直到他离开我们才出发)
(注:时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一
般将来时态,只能用一般
现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
错误:I’ll
write a letter to you as soon as I’ll get to
Shanghai.
正确:I’ll write a letter to you as
soon as I get to Shanghai.
(2)原因状语从句
由because,as,since等从属连词引导。
We could
not drink the milk because it was too hot.
He
won’t come because he’s very busy.
As he
wasn’t feeling well,I went there
alone.(因为他感到不舒服,我就
一个人去哪里了)
He needn’t go
with us since he is busy with his
work.(既然他忙于工作,
他就不必同我们一起去了)
(回答why的问句,只用because)
Why were you late?
Because I hadn’t caught the first
bus.(因为我没赶上早班公共汽车)
(3)条件状语从句
由if等从属连词引导
If you want to be a college student,you must
study harder.
在条件状语从句中表示将来,通常不用一般将来时态,而用一般现在
时。
错误:We
won’t go swimming if it will rain tomorrow.
正确:We won’t go swimming if it rain tomorrow.
(4)结果状语从句
由so....that....等从属连词引导。
It
was so hot that nobody wanted to do anything.
(5)目的状语从句
由so that 等从属连词引导。
He
spoke in a loud voice so that everybody might
hear.
注:从句中的谓语动词一般和情态动词can(could),may(might)等连用。
如何判断so that 引导的从句
So that
既可以引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。如何
判断?下面的方法可帮助你解决问题。 1、当表达的含义是“为了........”以便.....”时,为目的状语从句;当
表达的是
“以至于......”“因此”含义时,为结果状语从句。
If you do
know,answer in a loud voice so that all the class
may
hear.(目
的状语从句)如果你的确知道,应大声回答,以便于让全班学生都可
以听见。
It rained hard the day before yesterday,so
that she had to stay at
home.(结
果状语从句)前天下雨下得很大,因此她只好待在家里。
2、当从句的谓语动
词有情态动词can,could,may,might等时,是目的
状语从句,当从句里没有情态动词
,且谓语动词是一般现在时(过去
时)、现在完成时等时态时,是结果状语从句。
3、当从句之前的so that 可用in order that
代替时,是目的状语从句,
反之,是结果状语从句。
We now study hard
so that we may work well in the future=We now
study hard in order that we may work well in
the future.((目的状语从句)
4、当so that
之前有逗号时,是结果状语从句,反之,是目的状语从
句。The story is very
interesting,so that I like it very
much.(结果状语从
句)
(6)比较状语从句
由as...as.....,not so (as)....as...,than等引导。
This text is as instructive as that one.
这篇课文和那篇一样具有教育意义。
He didn’t come so early
as Wang Lin did.
他不如王林来得早。
A truck goes
faster than a bike.
卡车比自行车跑得快。
四、定语从句
定语从句用法歌诀
主句型,从句型,两种句子要完整。
从句紧靠先行词,系词引导要弄清。
定人用who或whom,定物which当先用。
关系代词有that,定人定物有本领。
定时间要用when,定地点where行。
关系代(副)词作成分,唯作宾语可以省。
在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定
语从句。被定语从
句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。定
语从句需
由关系代词或关系副词引导。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom(一般指人),which
(一般
指物),whose,that(指人或物)等。引导定语从句的关系副词有where
(地点),when(时间),why(原因)等。
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语
从句,并且要在定语从句中充当一
个句子成分。
The man who will
give us a talk has come.
要给我们作报告的人已经来了。
上面句中who will give us a talk........是定语从句,修饰先行词
man。
从句中的who是关系代词,由它引导的定语从句一方面起连接先行
词和定语从句的作
用,另一方面它在从句中作主语。
(1)由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句
在这类定语从句中who用作主语,(有时可以用作宾语),whom用作
宾语,whose用作定语。
This is the solider who saved the boy’s life.
这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的战士。
Who is the student whom
Professor Wang is speaking to over there.
正在那边和王教授说话的学生是谁?
I know a lady whose
husband is a Nobel Prize winner.
我认识一位丈夫获得诺贝尔奖的女士。
注意:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数
须和先行词一致。
I who am your friend must help you.
(2)由which引导的定语从句
1)which在从句中作主语或宾语。
This is a book which tells about computer
technology. 3ZF4
The watch which I
found in the library is his.
2)which (whom)从句中
作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在which
(whom)之前,也可放在从句原来的位置,在含有介词
的动词固定
词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上,而不能放在which(whom)之前。
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now
the Lu Xun museum.
=The house which Lu Xun
once lived in is now the Lu Xun
museum.鲁
迅曾经住过的这所房子现已成为鲁迅博物馆。
注意:in
which作地点状语,可以用where代替,这个句子可以写成:
The house where
Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum.
3)在下述情况下不能使用关联词that:
非限制性定语从句的连接词只能使用which(或where等),不能使
用that。
His dog,which was now very old,became ill and
died.
他的已经很老的狗病死了。
He lives in
Xishan,which is only about an hour’s ride from
here.
他住在西山,离这儿只有大约一个小时的路程。
在定语从句的关系代词作介词
宾语时,只有which(whom)可以与介
词连在一起使用。如
in
which,for which,on which等。
The tool with which
he is working is called a wrench.
他干活在用的工具叫扳手。
This is the question about which we’ve had so
much discussion.
这就是我们已经讨论了很多次的问题。
(3)由that引导的定语从句
that在定语从句中可以指人或物,代替who,who
m,which,在从句
中作主语或谓语动词的宾语(不能放在介词后面作介词宾语)
The
woman that(who)is speaking at the meeting is a
famous writer.
在会上讲话的女士是个有名的作家。
The train
that (which)has just left is for Shenzhen.
刚开的那列车是开往深圳的。
This is the question about
which we’ve had so much discussion.
这就是我们已经讨论了很多次的问题。
Is this the driver
that(whom)you talked about yesterday?
这就是你们昨天谈到的那个司机吗?(that不能放在about后面)
注意:在下述情况下,定语从句中关联词只能用that:
先行词是all,every
thing,nothing,something,anything,little,
much等不
定代词时。
Only a scientist could understand all
that this pursuit meant.
知识科学家知道这追求以为着什么。
I am sure she has something that you can
borrow.
我相信她有你能借用的东西
Everything that we
saw was of great interest to us.
我们见到的一切都有兴趣
There is little (that)I can use.
我能用的东西几乎没有。
He saw much that was
had.
他见了很多坏东西
先行词被all,every,very,no,some,
any,little,much修饰时。
I have read all the books
that you gave me.
我把你给我的书全部都看了。
He is the
very man that came here yesterday.
他就是昨天来这儿的人。
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first
composition that he has written in English.
这是他用英文写的第一篇作文。
The smallest living things
that can be seen under a microscope are
bacteria.
在显微镜下能被看见的最小的活着的东西是细菌。
This
is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的最好的小说。
4)先行词被the only,the very,the
same,the last修饰时。
The white flower is the only
one that I really like.
白花是我唯一正真喜欢的花。
This
is the very book that I want to find.
这正是我要找的书。
The last place that we visited
was the chemical works.
我们最后参观的是化工厂。 5)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,定语从句只能
用that与主句连接,而不用
who(whom)和which引导。
He talked about the
teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈了关于他访问过的老师和学校的情况。
6)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊凝
问句时,只能用that(不
用who或whom,which)来引导定语从句。
Who
is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的人事谁?
Which of us that knows something
about physics does not know this?
我们当中哪一个懂物理的人不知道这个?
注意:在下列情况下,定语从句中关联词可以被省略:
That,which,whom在从句中作宾语时。
Here is the
man(whomthat)you’ve been looking for.
你正在找的人在这里。
He is a man (whomthat) you can
safely depend on.
他是你能安全依赖的人。
That和which的用法异同歌诀
That和which的区别,很容易记混,用下面的顺口溜便不难区分:
That,which可互换, 下列情况勿照办。
that情况比较多,
不妨对你说一说;
不定代词这路货, 全用that准没错。
先行词前被限制, 千万不要用which。
要用which别着急, 介词提前逗隔离。