木槿花西月锦-走迷宫游戏

（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
Unit 7
Lesson 1 EQ:IQ
第一课 EQ: IQ
Success Comes with a High EQ

Most students do an IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test early in their school life.
Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines how
well they are going to do in life. When they see other students doing better than
them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is
nothing they can do to change their situation. However, new research into EQ
(Emotional Quotient) suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.
大多数学生会在学生生 涯早期做智商测试。即使从未看到过测试结果，他们
也认为是智商决定了自己日后生活中的表现。当看到 其他学生比自己优秀，他们
通常会认为那些学生智商更高，无论做什么也改变不了自身这一劣势。然而， 最
新的情商研究表明，成功并不仅仅是高智商的结果。

While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you
use your intelligence. Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the
following description: at work, it is IQ that gets you employed, but it is EQ that gets
you promoted. Supported by his research, Professor Salovey suggests that when
predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might
actually matter more than their IQ.
智商表明你到 底有多聪明，而情商表明你如何善用智慧。最先使用情商一词
的沙洛维教授这样描述：帮你找到工作的是 智商，但让你升职的是情商。在其研
究的基础上，沙洛维教授建议，在预测某人未来的成功时，由情商测 定的性格实
际上可能比智商更重要。

Professor Salovey may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why
some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades,
sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their lower EQ.
People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs
as well. This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ
to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ.
沙洛维教 授或许是对的。举个例子，你有没有想过，为什么班里那些最聪明
的学生，那些你认为本应取得好成绩的 学生，有时却考试不及格?也许他们的失
败是因为情商较低。人们常误以为高智商的人也同样拥有高情商 。这种关联可能
存在，但同样也有可能低智商拥有高情商，或者高智商的人拥有低情商。

It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and
have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by internal

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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often
have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations;
hence they have a harder time adjusting in life and in their careers.
人们普遍认为，情商高的人容易接纳新思想，对待生活积极乐观，很少为自
身问题所困扰。另一方面，情商低的人毫无疑问往往在与人相处、解决困难方面
存在问题。因此，他们适 应生活和职业生涯中的变化也就更困难。

People generally believe that a person’s IQ is determined by birth. However,
most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Some are trying to
study the possibility of improving a person’s EQ, especially in terms of “people kills”,
such as understanding and communication.
人 们普遍认为人的智商是一出生就决定了的。然而，大多数社会学家认为，
情商与教育有很大关系。一些科 学家正试图研究提升情商的可能性，特别是“人
际技能”方面，例如：理解和沟通。

Professor Mayer, recognised by many as a leading expert in the study of changes
to people’s EQs, recently announced the results of a study on senior secondary
school students. When students were introduced to those who had disabilities, they
found that, afterwards, the non-disabled students were more willing to help people
with difficulties. Compared to students who had not been involved in the study, they
also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings. There was also
an obvious change in the disabled students’ attitudes. They became more positive
about life and more willing to try new things.
梅尔教授是 公认的人类情商变化研究领域的顶级专家，他最近公布了一项针
对高中生的研究结果。他们发现，介绍学 生认识有残障的学生之后，这些身体健
全的学生会更愿意帮助残障人士。与未参与这一研究的学生相比， 他们能更好地
理解残障学生的感受。同时，残障学生的态度也发生了明显的变化，他们对待生
活 更加积极，更愿意尝试新事物。

Altogether, the results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more
important than IQ. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life requires
getting on well with other people and being able to understand and react to
situations in the best way possible. A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the
better. And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to
make sure that their students are receiving an education they really need, not solely
based on IQ but on developing the entire character.
总之，一系列研究表明情商即使不比智商更重要，至少也是同等 重要。要在
这个世界上出人头地，过上快乐又成功的生活，必须要与他人融洽相处，并能够
以最 好的方式理解和应对各种状况。要做到这些高情商必不可少，而且是越高越
好。此外，情商是可以后天提 高的，这就意味着学校需要确保学生接受真正所需
的教育，是全人发展的教育，而不仅仅是基于智商的教 育。



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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
Lesson 3 Meet the New Boss: You
第三课 遇见新老板：你

Up until the 1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’
footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them.
You’d follow your father to sea, onto the farm or into the workshop. You’d follow your
mother into the kitchen or sewing room. In your grandparents’ time, there was the
prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement. How times have
changed! Most people now have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps
or even staying at one job for very long.
一直到20世纪80年代，在很多国家人们往往子承父业，参与家族生 意，或
选择与父母从事同一职业。你可能会像父亲一样出海、去农场、进车间，也可能
会像妈妈 一样进厨房、去缝纫室。在你祖父母的时代，人们的预期是从毕业到退
休都做同样的工作。现在时代变了 !如今大多数人不再想子承父业，甚至不愿长
时间做同一份工作。

In fact, planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life
just isn’t practical anymore. One reason for this is technology. The skills you have
now are unlikely to remain relevant and be enough to help you through your entire
career. In fact, they will probably be out of date very soon. And then what will you do?
Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky. These strategies
might bring you a nice, comfortable life: working at a job you like, earning a decent
salary and retiring while you’re still young and healthy. But most of us today have to
look beyond the little box called “career”.
事实上，在同一 个领域、同一行业工作一辈子的想法已经不现实了。其中一
个原因是技术进步。你现在拥有的工作技能不 可能一直有用，也不足以支撑你的
整个职业生涯。事实上，这些技能可能很快就会过时，然后你会怎么做 ？努力地
工作？中彩票？尽量往好处想？你可能会运气不错。这些做法可能会带来美好舒
适的生 活：从事一项自己喜欢的工作，挣着一份体面的薪水，退休时还年富力强。
但是，今天我们大多数人都必 须跳出“职业生涯”这个小框来看待问题。

If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. You
might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do, but this is
hardly a recipe for great career success. Instead, you’d better keep looking for
smarter ways to do your work. You’ll need to be a risk taker, an innovator, a problem
solver, and a hard worker. Keep doing this, and you can become an expertor a
specialist in something one day. You have a chance to choose to build a career, rather
than being told to stay or to go.
如 果以为一天工作8个小时就可以成就一番事业，那么你得重新想想了。完
成别人安排的任务，也许可以保 住你的工作，但绝不是取得巨大职业成就的方法。
相反，最好要不断寻找更巧妙的工作方法，要成为一个 冒险者、一个创新者、一
个问题解决者，以及一个努力工作的人。持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个

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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
行业的专家或专业人士。你有机会去选择成就一番事业，而不是让别人决定自己
的去留。

Jobs and occupations come and go at an amazing pace these days. If you think
you can’t be replaced by software, or your job can’t be outsourced to some robots on
the moon, you are wrong. What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in
the field? You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained in order to
qualify to work in another field. In fact, in all likelihood, you will have to do this
multiple times. But you can be prepared for developments and changes before you
are thrown out of a career. It is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn.
如今，工作更换、职业 更替的速度惊人。如果认为自己不会被软件所取代，
或者自己的工作不可能外包给月球上的机器人，那就 大错特错了。假如自己辛辛
苦苦工作了十年的岗位消失了怎么办？你可能不得不重新回到教室，接受再培
训，才能取得在其他领域工作的资格。事实上，你非常有可能要这样重复很多次。
但是在被职业 抛弃之前，你可以为未来的发展变化做好准备。选择主动学习还是
被迫学习，完全取决于你自己。

In short, if you want to succeed in a 21st century career, you will have to
develop new essential skills. Lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain
or even likely. The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and it is up to you to
decide what you can do and how well you can do it. Are you ready for this?
简言之，如果你想在21世纪的职业生涯中取得成功，就必须培养新的必备
技能。 从同一个雇主那里获得终身职业保障已不再可能也不再可行。实际上，你
才是自己职业生涯的老板，也只 有你才能决定自己能做什么、能做多好。你准备
好了吗?

Unit 8
Lesson 1 The Last Leaf
第一课 最后一片叶子


Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for
apartments with north-facing windows and low rents. At the top of a three-story
building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.
格林威治村是个艺术人士聚集 的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉
的公寓。苏和约翰西的画室就在一座三层楼的顶楼。

In November, a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia,
arrived in Greenwich Village. Mr Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy; and she
lay, barely moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.
十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见、医生称之为“肺炎”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的手指放在约翰西身上，于是她躺在床

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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。

The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, “She has one chance in—let us say, ten.
And that chance is for her to want to live. Try to encourage her to think more hopeful
thoughts, about the future, about living.”
医生把苏拉到一边，说：“她 的病只有，这么说吧，只有一成希望，这一成
希望在于她自己要不要活下去。试着鼓励她多想想有希望的 事情、想想未来、想
想活下去。”

Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy’s room and began a pen drawing, in
an attempt to raise Johnsy’s spirits. Johnsy’s eyes were open, but they weren’t
watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten, nine,
eight, seven ...”
苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间，开始画钢 笔画，试着让约翰西
打起精神。约翰西的眼睛是睁着的，但并没有看苏。相反，她望向窗外，倒数着：< br>“十，九，八，七……”

“What are you counting, dear?” asked Sue. “They’re falling faster now,” replied
Johnsy. “Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now it’s easy. There are
only five left now. Five leaves on the ivy vine. When the last one falls, I must go, too.
Didn’t the doctor tell you?”
“你在数什么啊，亲爱的?” 苏问道。“它们现在掉得更快了，三天前差不多还
有一百来片。现在数起来容易了，只剩下五片了。常春 藤上有五片叶子。当最后
一片掉下来的时候，我就要离开人世了，难道医生没有说吗?”约翰西回答说。

“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy’s mind
was made up. “I want to see the last one fall. I’m tired of waiting. I want to go sailing
down, down, just like one of
those poor, tired leaves.”
“哦，我从未听过这么荒谬的话。”苏立刻答到。但是约翰西决心已定。“我
想看着最后一片叶子掉下来，我已经等腻了。我想随风而逝，就像一片可怜的、
疲倦的藤叶一样。”

“Try to sleep,” said Sue. Then she went to fetch her neighbour, Mr Behrman, to
be a model for her drawing. He was a failed painter. In 40 years he had never
produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. Sue told him about Johnsy’s longing to
slip away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief. “Are there people in the world
that foolish to think they’ll die because leaves drop off from a vine? This is not a
place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we
shall all go away.”
“试着睡一会儿吧，”苏说道。然后她去叫邻居伯 曼先生来做绘画模特。他是
个失败的画手，40年来，他从未创作出他所渴望的杰作。苏告诉他约翰西想 要
像树叶一样流逝。伯曼不可置信地喊道：“世界上竟有这种傻子，认为藤叶落掉
他们就得死? 约翰西小姐实在不应该躺在这里生病。总有一天我要画一幅杰作，

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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
然后我们就可以离开这里。”

Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was
just one remaining leaf. What’s more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下 最后一片叶子了。更糟糕的是，
外面下起冰冷的雨来，雨夹着雪。

The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened. One
leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain. “It will fall today.
And I will die with it.”
第二天早上，约翰西醒来，让打开窗帘。藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇
敢地撑着。“它今天 会掉下来的，我也会和它一同死去。”

The following day, Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened. The leaf
was still there!
又过了一天，约翰西又让打开窗帘。叶子还在那儿！

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. “I’ve been a bad girl, Sue,” said Johnsy. “It
is a crime to want to die.” Then she asked for some food.
约翰 西躺了很久，看着它说：“我真是一个坏姑娘，苏，不想活下去是罪恶。”
约翰西说，然后她要了些吃的 。

In the afternoon, the doctor visited, “Even chances,” said the doctor, “with good
nursing, you’ll win. And now I must see a fellow downstairs, Behrman. Pneumonia,
too. There is no hope for him.”
下午，医生来了，“康复的希望有五成了， 只要好好护理，你会胜利的。现
在我得去楼下看另一个病人，贝尔曼先生，也是肺炎。他没有希望了。”

The next day, Sue came to Johnsy’s bed. “I have something to tell you,” she said.
“Mr Behrman died today. He was ill for only two days. The janitor found him lying in
bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. His shoes and clothing were wet through
and icy cold. They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a terrible night. And
then they found a lantern, still lit, and some brushes, and—look out the window, dear,
at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn’t you wonder why it never moved an inch when
the wind blew? Ah, dear, it’s Behrman’s masterpiece—he painted it there the night
when the last leaf fell.”
再过了一天，苏来到约翰西的床前。“我有些话要告诉你 。”她说，“伯曼先
生今天去世了。他生病只有两天时间。昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，< br>极度痛苦。他的鞋和衣服都湿透了，冰凉冰凉的。他们想不出，在那凄风冷雨的
夜里，他究竟是到 什么地方去了。后来，他们找到了一盏还亮着的灯笼，还有几
支画刷—一亲爱的，看看窗外，墙上最后的 那片叶子。你不觉得奇怪嘛，为什么
那片叶子在风中一动不动呢？啊，亲爱的，因为那是伯曼的杰作—— 那天晚上最
后的一片叶子掉落时，他画上去的。”


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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
Lesson 2 Poetry
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
by Robert Frost (1874-1963)
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer
lo stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.

雪夜林畔小驻
译余光中

我想我认得这座森林，
林主的房子就在前村；
却看不见我在此歇马，
看他林中飘满的雪景。
我的小马一定很惊讶，
周围望不见什么人家，
竟在一年最暗的黄昏，
寒林和冰湖之间停下。
马儿摇响身上的串铃，
问我这地方该不该停。
此外只有轻风拂雪片，
再也听不见其他声音。
森林又暗又深真可羡，
但是我已经有约在先，
还要赶多少路才安眠，
还要赶多少路才安眠。


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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
The Daffodils
by William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
I wandered lonely as a cloud,
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine,
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line,
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought,
What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie,
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye,
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

黄水仙花
译郭沫若
独行徐徐如浮云，横绝太空渡山谷。
忽然在我一瞥中，金色水仙花成簇。
开在湖边乔木下，微风之中频摇曳。
有如群星在银河，形影绵绵光灼灼。
湖畔蜿蜒花径长，连成一线无断续。
一瞥之中万朵花，起舞翩跹头点啄。
湖中碧水起涟漪，湖波踊跃无花乐。
诗人对此殊激昂，独在花中事幽躅！
凝眼看花又看花，当时未解伊何福。
晚上枕上意悠然，无虑无忧殊恍惚。
情景闪烁心眼中，黄水仙花赋禅悦;
我心乃得溢欢愉，同花共舞天上曲。

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（北师大版）高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
Lesson 3 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea
第三课 海底两万里

Fact File
Jules Verne (1828-1905), a French novelist, was called the “Father of Science
Fiction”. He wrote a widely popular series of science fictions, including Journey to the
Centre of the Earth (1864), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870), and Around the
World in Eighty Days (1873).
事实 档案：儒勒·凡尔纳(1828——1905)，法国小说家，被誉为“科幻小说之
父”。他写了一系列 广受欢迎的科幻小说，包括《地心历险记》(1864年)、《海
底两万里》(1870年）和《八十天 环游地球》(1873年)。

The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
Might I hope to be saved? The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing
in the east. It was the boat! I was lost.
撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我会被救起
吗？夜色沉黑，我仿佛看到一大块黑东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是我们的船！我
被丢下了。

“Help, help!” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation. I was
sinking! I couldn’t breathe! “Help!” My mouth filled with water; I struggled against
being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the
surface of the sea; and I heard these words: “If master would be so good as to hold
onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” I grabbed my faithful
Conseil’s arm with one hand.
“救命啊，救命啊!”我大喊着，绝望地朝船游去。我要沉下 去了！透不过气
了！“救命啊！”海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不被淹没。突然，我感觉自己被快速地
拉出水面，我听见有人说:“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。”
我用一只手抓住忠仆 康塞尔的胳膊。

“Is it you?” said I.
“是你吗？”我问。

“Myself,” answered Conseil.
“正是我。”康塞尔回答。

“That crash threw you as well as me into the sea?”
“也是因为刚才的撞击掉下来的？”

“No; but, being in my master’s service, I followed him.”
“不是。为了服侍先生，我就跟着下来了。”


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Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Near
one o’clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up,
and our preservation depended on him alone. “Leave me! Leave me!” I said to him.
康赛 尔很冷静。不过，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到
极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我， 保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。
“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。

“Never!” replied he. “I would drown first.”
“不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。

“Help! Help!” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was
no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of
the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time! But that voice! I had
almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and
closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last
time, then I sank.
“救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎隐约听到有人回应。没错！是有 个
人在回应！然后，不知道为什么我第一次想到那个奇怪的、可怕的动物！可是那
人声不假！我 的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又
咸又苦的海水，我越来越冷。我最后一 次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。

At this moment a hard body struck me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being
drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest
collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious. I soon woke up, and half opened my eyes. I
saw a face which I immediately recognised. “Ned!” I cried. 就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得
有人往上拉我，把我拉出 了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。
我很快就苏醒过来，半睁开眼睛，看到一张面孔立 马就认了出来。“奈德！”我喊
道。

“The same, sir!” replied the Canadian.
“正是我，先生！”加拿大人答道。

“Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed?”
“你也是撞击时坠入海里的吗？”

“Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost
immediately upon this island in the sea. Or, more correctly speaking, on this large
whale. Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced
of.”
“是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这
个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸鱼身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什
么武器刺不穿它的皮肤， 而是被弹开。”


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“Why, Ned, why?”
“为什么呢，奈德，究竟是为什么呢？”

“Because that creature is made of steel.” I moved myself quickly to the top of
the being, and kicked it. It was evidently a hard, solid body. The black back that
supported me was smooth, polished, nothing like an animal. The blow produced a
sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of
metal plates. This monster was a human construction. We were lying upon the back
of a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the outside for an opening, a hole,
but found nothing. At last this long night passed. Daybreak appeared. Suddenly a
noise came from inside the boat. One iron plate was moved, a man appeared,
uttered an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some moments after, eight strong
men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their
incredible machine.
“因为这个生物是钢铁做的。”我迅速地爬到了它 的上面，踢了一脚。显然，
这是一个坚硬、结实的物体。在我脚下黑色的背脊精光溜滑，一点也不像动物 。
撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用铁板做
成的。这个怪 物是人造的。我们正躺在一只潜水船的背上。我四处查找，试图找
到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于， 漫漫长夜过去了，天亮了。突然船内传来
一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。这人怪叫一声， 立刻又消失不见
了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不
可思议的机器里。

Unit 9
Lesson 1 To Clone or not to Clone?
第一课 克隆还是不克隆

Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and
developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for
generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they
take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil. Another
example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg.
克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或 动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。
自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养 基中(例
如土壤)，就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一
个卵子 受精产生的。

For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first
successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. At first, Dolly grew
normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much
older animals. She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from

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which she was cloned. After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal
species, including camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice. However, they have
found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well. This has
led to questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals?” “Will it
continue to happen forever?”.
多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物 是1996年
的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见
于 衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学
家已经克隆了20多种哺乳 动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而，
在这些物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉 羊相似的健康问题。由此引
发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗?”“这个问题会 永远持
续下去吗?”

In January 2018, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua
Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates (the
order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned!
In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”,
and doing so with non- reproductive cells was even more complicated. Dr. Sun Qiang,
director of the research team, said they had been wholly devoted to the research and
had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for
more than 5 years. There had been a number of failures before they eventually found
a way to successfully clone a monkey. The reason they worked so hard to break this
technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models
that are helpful for medical research and human health.
2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆 两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是
有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴 子和人类)！
与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更
为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来
每周7天，每天24小时 照看1000多只猴子。历经多次失败，最终找到成功克隆
猴子的方法。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这 一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因
编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。

The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge
breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues
on how to prevent the aging process. With this technology, we have the potential to
raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time, and
we can even change their genes to suit research needs. This could help save research
time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate
results, and lead to more effective treatments.
灵长类动物的成 功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从
而为治愈多种疾病、延缓衰老提供线索。有了 这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间
内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需 要。这有
助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更
有效。

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Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of
disagreement and provokes strong emotions. While some people believe it is crucial
for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. They believe it is bound to
lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions this
raises. For example, they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as
individuals with their own identity. Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere
copies of originals thus being seen as inferior. Finally, they worry that some
organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.
但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈反对情绪的 问题。尽管有些
人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为
这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。比如，他们提出
克隆体是被当作物体还是 具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能会被看作母体
的副本，因此被认为更低等。最后，他们担心某些 组织可能会出于不道德的目的
滥用该技术。

So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they
grow up. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored
and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument. How it is used,
whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the
instrument. A knife is useful, but it can also kill.”
到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员认为，
克隆 科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的
工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给 人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，
而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。 ”

Lesson 3 Eqidemics Explained
第三课 流行病探因

An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a
large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.
Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.
They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an
area, or changes in the way people live, like more people living in an area, which
increases the chances of them coming into contact with a bacteria or virus.
流行病是指在 短时间内(通常两周或更短)迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾
病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就 一直存在。它们可能由不同因素引起，
例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变，比如说 某一地区居住
的人群增多，从而增加了接触细菌或病毒的几率。

Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain
number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different
for every disease. So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases

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of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common
diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline. The common cold is a
widespread virus that affects millions of people, but it is not seen as being a serious
enough condition to deserve the classification of epidemic.
只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。每种疾病
的死亡数量各不相同。罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也
会被认定为是流 行病;与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一
种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人 ，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。

With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer
epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of
epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without
epidemics.
最近 有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡
屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找 线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。

Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives.
Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who
have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of
the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去 了一百多人的生命。科学家们仔
细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该 病毒的现
代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。

One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550
CE. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the
epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. Then, in
the 1330s, this epidemic returned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to Europe and
became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was black spots
on the body.
人类有记载的最早的流行病， 大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。现今科
学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病 ，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个
主要原因。接着，14世纪30 年代，这一流行病又卷土重来，这次发生在 亚洲，
并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑
死病” 。

Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu,
struck near the end of World War Ⅰ. Families who had only just got through the war
now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease. As a result of the war,
more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this
caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18
months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.
More people died of the flu than died in the war. Initially, many people believed that
such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a

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cause for concern.
几 个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙
流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现 在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。战争引发的人
口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。 西班牙流感在18个月内
造成5000万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争 的
人还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至非典
出现，再次让 全球陷入担忧。

The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong
Province. It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS
was examined by scientists, who were confused by this new disease and wanted to
learn more about it and its causes. Infection rates went up steadily, and in the course
of the outbreak, about 8,000 people were infected over nine months. Since the end
of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any
future outbreaks.
非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病，后蔓 延到加拿大、越南和新
加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病 毒进
行检测，以期了解该病与致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发
期九个月内 感染了约8000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗
手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。

Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola
Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in a major loss of life in a number
of west African countries. 11,310 deaths were officially recorded, but the actual
number of deaths is probably much higher. The virus was extremely infectious and
the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got
over it.
随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出 血热
(EVD)，夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11310
人，而实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至
30%，也就是说很少有 人能康复。

Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics the world has faced in recent
years, governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and
systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with
cures as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this because
teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
尽管(或者是因为)近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各 国政府都已经强调，要
对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需< br>要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间的团队合作才能拯救生命。

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