一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时
冬瓜排骨汤的做法-敏锐的近义词
一、一般现在时的用法
1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every
week(day,year,month...),
once a week,on
Sundays,etc.
例如:
I leave home for school
at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:
The earth moves
around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the
east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般
现在时。
例如:
Columbus proved that the earth is
round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
例如:
He can swim.
I work hard.
I
like watching TV.
二、 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:ago,yesterday,the day before
yesterday,last week(year,night,
month...),in
1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long
ago,once
upon a time,etc.
例如:
Where
did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in
the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever
the Browns went during their visit, they were
given awarm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① was/were
+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放
在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时
还原行为动词。
三、一般将来时
时间状语:tomorrow,next
day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few
minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will
在陈述句中用于各人称,在征
求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which
paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢
Will you
be at home at seven this evening 今晚七点回家好吗
2)
be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What
are you going to do tomorrow 明天打
算作什么呢
b.
计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced
next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look
at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be + to
do表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the
report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about
to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for
Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do
不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语
连用。
注意:
★be going
to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下
几点区别:
a.
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will
表示的将来时间则较远一些,
如:
He is going to write a
letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
b. be going to
表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必
发生的事情。
He
is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will
be twenty years old.
c. be going to
含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:
She is going to
lend us her book.
He will be here in half an
hour.
d.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will,
如:
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with
you and help you
★be to do和be going to
be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to
表示主观的打算或计
划。例如:
I am to play football
tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going
to play football tomorrow
afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
5) 一般现在时表将来
a.下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般现在时可以表示将
来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star It stars in
ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开十分钟后。
b. 在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him
to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you
as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
c.
在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week.
我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are
closed before you leave the room.
离开房间前,务
必把窗户关了。
6) 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如:
I'm leaving
tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
四、过去将来时
过去将来时的动词表示对
过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。这个
时态常用在宾语从句中。
1)
would + 动词原形
例如:
It was seven o’clock. The
sun would soon set. 这时是七点钟,太阳即将落山。
2) waswere
going + to do 过去将来时的这种表达形式可以表示过去曾经打算或
计划准备要做的事。
例如:
They told me that they were going to
have a picnic. 他们告诉我他们将要举行一次
野餐。
We were
going to have a meeting. 我们曾经打算开个会。
过去将来时的这种形式可以表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的事,但未实现的
动作。
I was just going to ring him up when she came.
我刚要给他打电话,她就来了。 ( 电话没打成 )
3) waswere about
+ to do 表示在过去看来正要做某事。
例如:
I was just
about to ring you up when mama called me.
They were about to leave when the
telephone rang. 他们正要走,电话铃响了。
I was just about
to go to bed when she came to see me. 我正要睡觉,她来看我了。
4)waswere + to do 表示定于过去某时将要做某事。
例如:
He was to meet her at 10 on the street.
他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
注意:若表示过去没有实现(或被取消)的计划,则用was
(were) to+动词完成时。
例如:
They were to have
left at 7 last night. 他们本来计划昨晚7点离开的。
5)
用过去进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave,
start, begin, return等过去进行时可以表示将来。
例如:
She
didn't know when they were coming again.
她不知道他们时候会再来。