英语测试_考试要点
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2021年01月17日 01:34
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第一章
英语测试概述
1.
四种英语语言测试法：写作
--
翻译法（
the essay- translation approach
）
；结构主义
/
心理测试法（
the structuralist-psychometric approach
）
；综
合测试法（
the integrative approach
）
；交际测试法（
the communicative approach
）
2.
交际语言能力模式
(communicative language ability mo del)--Bachman
提出
--
建立在语言能力可分隔性假说
（
the divisibility hypothesis
）
之上。
模式包括三个组成部分：
语言能力
(language competence)
，
策略能力
(strategic competence)
和心理生理机制
(psychophysiological mechanisms)
第二章
考试功能及其类别
1.
Measurement
（测量）
, test
（考试）
, evaluation
（评估）
2.
Test functions
(1) pedagogical functions
：
A means to ensure effective teaching
；
To improve teaching quality
；
To obtain feedback on Ss' learning progress
；
To
validate teaching programmes
(2) research functions -- a common means of measurement in research studies.
3.
Test categories
(1)
按
test purpose
分
: proficiency tests, achievement tests, placement tests, diagnostic tests.
(2)
按
test construction
分
: direct tests, indirect tests.
(3)
按
test format
分
: discrete-point tests, integrative tests.
(4)
按
scoring
分
: objective tests, subjectives.
(5)
按
score interpretation
分
: norm- referenced tests, criterion-referenced tests.
第三章
考试要素
1.
Maintaining or evaluating test quality
(1) Reliability refers to consistency of test results.
(2) Validity is regarded as the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
(3) Authenticity is seen as the correspondence between features of test tasks and those of non- test tasks. (4) Interactiveness is viewed as the extent
of involvement of Ss in completing a test task.
(5) Washback means the impact that a test may exert on teaching or learning.
(6) Practicality refers to the degree to which a test accommodates the practical constraints in test administration. (7) Overall usefulness
2.
Test validity(
考试效度
)
：
face validity-- surface credibility or public acceptability
；
content validity-- representativeness and sampling adequacy
；
criterion-related validity
第四章
考试规范的制定
1.
为什么需要考试规范
(test specification)
？
--考试效度，总体设计，考试评估，考试稳定性
2.
The contents of test specification: test purpose, test domain, test taker, test content, test method, test tasks and item types, test organization and
weighting, time duration, scoring criteria, test administration, test development chart.
3.
第五章
测试评估手段及其功能
Three broad categories of test or assessment methods
：
1.
Selected-response assessment: true-and-false statement; matching items; multiple-choice questions
2.
Constructed-response assessment: fill-in items; completion item/tasks; cloze; transformation items/tasks; rearrangement items/tasks; information
transfer tasks; short answer questions; essay questions
3.
Personal-response assessment: individual tutorials; self-and-peer assessment; portfolios
第六章
阅读测试
1.
Reading purpose: reading for survival; reading for learning; reading for pleasure.
2.
Reading activities: extensive reading; intensive reading; skimming; scanning.
3.
Reading model: bottom-up model; top-down model; interactive model.
4.
Reading ability--reading skills: macro skills, micro skills, grammatical and lexical knowledge.
具体的
: A. To identify the main idea and other salient features in a text; B. To generalise and draw conclusions; C. To understand information not
explicitly stated by (a. Making inferences; b. Understanding figurative language)
；
D. To skim and scan (looking for the general meaning and reading
for specific information)
；
E. To read critically
；
F. To adopt a flexible approach and vary reading strategies according to the type of material being read
and the purpose for which it is being read.
5.
考试题型
: recognition of words; identification; discrimination; analysis; interpretation; inference; synthesis; evaluation.
第七章
写作测试
1.
Writing ability: mechanical skills; language use; organizational skills; stylistic skills; judgement skills.
2.
Marking schemes: holistic/impression scoring; analytic scoring.