《英语测试》作业参考答案
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2021年01月17日 01:41
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1
．
Identify the scales represented by the following kinds of data:
Solution:
Raw scores from a listening comprehension test
Ordinal scale
Adjectives on a word-association test
Nominal scale
Percentile scores from a spelling test
Ordinal scale
Speed of note-taking in words per minute
Ratio scale
I.Q.-equivalent scores on a vocabulary test
Interval scale
z-scores on the TOEFL
Interval scale
The number of instrumentally motivated students in class
Nominal scale
2
．
Given the
following
raw
score
distribution
on
a
spelling
test
of
25 items,
calculate (a)
ordinal
ratings, (b)
percentage scores, (c) percentile ranks: 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 12, 14, 15, 19, 19, 21, 25.
Solution:
Raw scores
Ordinal ratings
Percentage Scores
Percentile Ranks
25
1st
100
95.8
21
2nd
84
87.5
19
3rd
76
75.0
19
4th
76
75.0
15
5th
60
62.5
14
6th
56
54.2
12
7th
48
41.7
12
8th
48
41.7
11
9th
44
29.2
9
10th
36
20.8
8
11th
32
12.5
6
12th
24
4.2
3
．
If you administered a multiple- choice test of phrasal verb usage to a class of ten students and got the following
distribution of scores: 11, 13, 16, 16, 18, 20, 20, 25, 27, 29, what would be the corresponding z-scores, T
-scores, and
normal distribution area proportions if the standard deviation is 5.95?
Solution:
Raw
scores
z-scores
T-scores
Normal distribution area proportions
《英语测试》作业参考答案
29
1.597
65.97
94.49
27
1.261
62.61
89.63
25
0.925
59.25
82.24
20
0.084
50.84
53.35
20
0.084
50.84
53.35
18
-0.252
47.48
40.05
16
-0.588
44.12
27.81
16
-0.588
44.12
27.81
13
-1.093
39.07
13.73
11
-1.429
35.71
7.65
4In
a normal
distribution,
what
proportion
of
the
scores
lie
between
plus
and
minus
one
standard
deviation?
Between plus and minus two standard deviations?
Solution:
In a normal distribution, 68.3% of scores lie between plus and minus one standard deviation;
95.5% of scores lie between plus and minus two standard deviation.
5
．
Compute item difficulty and the proportion incorrect for each of the items in the following scoring matrix.
Identify
items for rejection.
Items
1
2
3
4
5
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
1
Examinees
4
1
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
0
6
1
1
1
1
0
第
1
页
共
9
页
以上仅为参考答案，简答、论述题均只列及主要的解题知识点，请您结合自我理解 和课本内容进行知识
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7
1
1
0
0
1
8
0
1
0
1
0
9
1
1
0
0
1
10
0
1
1
0
1
Solution:
Item
1
2
3
4
5
Difficulty
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.6
Proportion incorrect
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.7
0.4
Items 2 and 4 can be rejected, because it seems that item 2 is too easy and item 4 is too difficult.
6
．
Look
at
the
following
paired
scores
on
listening
comprehension
(X)
and
general
proficiency
(Y)
for
ten
students:
X
Y
25
18
13
21
15
22
19
27
17
31
16
22
21
29
24
33
22
26
21
29
Compute
the
correlation
coefficient
for
these
scores.
Please
do
a
one-tailed
Pearson
test
to
determine
whether
it
is
significant on the level of significance of <.05?
Solution:
r=0.273.
The critical value for Pearson
’
r of the significance of <.05, one tailed test when the degree of freedom equals to 8 is
0.5494. Since r=0.273<0.5494, it is not significant.
7
．
Nine students have taken two different aptitude tests and got the following test result. Compute the Pearson
product
moment
correlation
coefficient.
And
determine
whether
it
is significant
on
the
level
of
significance
of
<.05?
Student No.
01
Test A
Test B
Solution:
r=-0.0176.
Critical value is 0.6664. And r=-0.0176<0.6664, so it is not statistically significant.
56
34
02
60
26
03
61
62
04
62
30
05
65
30
06
67
28
07
71
34
08
71
36
09
74
40
第
2
页
共
9
页
以上仅为参考答案，简答、论述题均只列及主要的解题知识点，请您结合自我理解 和课本内容进行知识
掌握和巩固。如对答案等有疑义，请及时登录学院网站“辅导论坛”栏目，与老师交流探讨！
8
．
Look at the following scoring matrix for twenty students:
Item
Student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Solution:
Item One: 0.639
Item Two: 0.112
Item Three: 0.422
Item Four: 0.512
Item Five: 0.129
9
．
What do we mean by correlation in statistics?
Solution:
Correlation is a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one
variable
are
accompanied
by
systematic changes
in
the
other.
Generally,
correlation
does
not
suggest
cause-effect
relationship.
10
．
Please state the difference between the classroom tests and external tests.
Solution:
第
3
页
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9
页
以上仅为参考答案，简 答、论述题均只列及主要的解题知识点，请您结合自我理解和课本内容进行知识
掌握和巩固。如对答案等有疑义，请及时登录学院网站“辅导论坛”栏目，与老师交流探讨！
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Score
4
3
2
2
4
4
3
3
4
3
2
3
3
3
5
2
3
3
3
5
Compute the point biserial correlation coefficient for each of the five items with total score.
The aim of the classroom test is different from that of the external examination. External examinations are generally
concerned
with
evaluation
for
the
purpose
of
selection,
the
classroom
test
is
concerned
with
evaluation
for
the
purpose of enabling teachers to increase their own effectiveness by making adjustments in their teaching to enable
certain groups of students or individuals in the class to benefit more.
11
．
Make a simple clarification on the Classical T
rue Score Model and enumerate its demerits.
Solution:
The classical
theory
is the
earliest
theory
of
measurement.
The classical
theory
is
also
referred
to
as
the classical
reliability
theory
because
its major
task
is
to
estimate
the
reliability
of
the
observed
scores
of
a
test.
That
is,
it
attempts
to
estimate
the
strength
of
the
relationship
between
the
observed
score
and
the
true
score.
It
is
also
sometimes referred to as the true score theory because its theoretical derivations are based on a mathematical model
known as the true score model. In a testing situation, we first devise a scaling rule to change a set of responses into a
numerical observed score. Next we infer that the observed score faithfully reflects a true score. Finally, we infer that
the true score truthfully reflects the quantity of a construct, which may or may not exit.
Classical
True
Score
Model
has
the
following
demerits:
1)
the
values
of
commonly
used
item
statistics
in
test
development
such
as
item
difficulty
and
item
discrimination
depend
on
the
particular
examinee
samples
in
which
they are obtained; 2) comparisons of examinees on an ability measured by a set of test items comprising a test are
limited to situations in which examinees are administered the same (or parallel) test items; 3) one of the fundamental
concepts,
test
reliability,
is
defined
in
terms
of
parallel
forms;
4)
it
provides
no
basis
for
determining
how
an
examinee might perform when confronted with a test item; 5) it presumes that the variance of errors of measurement
is the same for all examinees.
12
．
Please write five multiple-choice items on some grammatical elements (tense, agreement, etc.).
Omitted.
13
．
What is the difference between criterion referenced test and norm referenced test?
Solution:
Characteristically
criterion-referenced
tests
are
devised
before
the
instruction
itself
is
designed.
The
test
must
match teaching objectives perfectly, so that any tendency of the teacher to “teach to the test” would be permissible in
that attaining objectives would thereby be assured. A
criterion or cut-off score is set in advance (usually 80 to 90
percent
of
the
total
possible
score),
and
those
who
do
not
meet
the
criterion
are
required
to
repeat
the
course.
Students are not evaluated by comparison with the achievement of other students, but instead their achievement is
measured
with
respect
to
the
degree
of
their
learning
or
mastery
of
the
prespecified
content
domain.
Norm- referenced
or standardized
tests
are
quite
different
from
criterion- referenced
tests
in
a
number
of respects;
although,
once
again,
some
of
the
identical
items
may
be
used
under
certain
conditions.
By
definition,
a
norm-referenced test must have been previously administered to a large sample of people from the target population
(e.g.,
1,000
or
more).
Acceptable
standards
of
achievement
can
only
be
determined
after
the
test
has
been
developed and administered.
Such standards are found by reference to the mean or average score of other students
from the same population.
14
．
What is computerized adaptive testing?
第
4
页
共
9
页
以上仅为 参考答案，简答、论述题均只列及主要的解题知识点，请您结合自我理解和课本内容进行知识
掌握和巩固。如对答案等有疑义，请及时登录学院网站“辅导论坛”栏目，与老师交流探讨！