英语测试 考试要点
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2021年01月17日 01:42
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第一章
英语测试概述
1.
四种英语语言测试法：
写作
--
翻译法
（
the essay-translation approach
）
；
结构主义
/< br>心理测试法
（
the
structuralist- psychometric
approach
）
；综合测试法（
the
integrative
approach
）
；交际测试法（
the
communicative approach
）
2.
交际语言能力模式
(communicative
language
ability
model)--Bachman
提出
--
建立在 语言能力可
分隔性假说（
the divisibility hypothesis
）之上。
模式包括三个组成部分：语言能力
(language competence)
，策略能力
(strategic competence)
和心
理生理机制
(psychophysiological mechanisms)
第二章
考试功能及其类别
1.
Measurement
（测量）
, test
（考试）
, evaluation
（评估）
2.
Test functions
(1) pedagogical functions
：
A
means to ensure effective teaching
；
To improve teaching quality
；
To
obtain feedback on Ss' learning progress
；
To validate teaching programmes
(2) research functions -- a common means of measurement in research studies.
3.
Test categories
(1)
按
test purpose
分
: proficiency tests, achievement tests, placement tests, diagnostic tests.
(2)
按
test construction
分
: direct tests, indirect tests.
(3)
按
test format
分
: discrete-point tests, integrative tests.
(4)
按
scoring
分
: objective tests, subjectives.
(5)
按
score interpretation
分
: norm- referenced tests, criterion-referenced tests.
第三章
考试要素
1.
Maintaining or evaluating test quality
(1) Reliability refers to consistency of test results.
(2) V
alidity is regarded as the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
(3) Authenticity
is seen as the correspondence between features of test tasks and those of non-test
tasks. (4) Interactiveness is viewed as the extent of involvement of Ss in completing a test task.
(5) Washback means the impact that a test may exert on teaching or learning.
(6) Practicality
refers
to
the
degree
to which
a
test
accommodates
the
practical
constraints
in
test
administration. (7) Overall usefulness
2.
Test
validity(
考< br>试
效
度
)
：
face
validity-- surface
credibility
or
public
acceptability
；
content
validity-- representativeness and sampling adequacy
；
criterion-related validity
第四章
考试规范的制定
1.
为什么需要考试规范
(test specification)
？
--考试效度，总体设计，考试评估，考试稳定性
2.
The contents of test specification: test purpose, test domain, test taker, test content, test method, test
tasks
and
item
types,
test
organization
and
weighting,
time
duration,
scoring
criteria,
test
administration, test development chart.