zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

2021年1月17日发(作者：谷清)
形容词和副词


一、考点聚焦

1
、形容词、副词的作用与位置

形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前 作定语，或放在
系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词
或者句子，一般 位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属
几种特殊情况，须牢记；

（
1
）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about
180 feet high
（
2
）表语形容词（
afraid
、
alike
、
alone
、
asleep
、
awake、
alive
等）作定语，定语后置。如
a man alive
。有些 表身体健
康状况的形容词如
well
、
faint
、
ill
只作表语。
sick
既可作表
语又可作定语，
ill
如作定 语意为“
bad
”
。

（
3
）
用作定语，
修饰由不定代词
one
、
no
、
any
、
some
和
every
构成的复合词如
anything
、
something
等时，通常后置。如：

I have something important to tell you.
（
4
）
else
常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

（
5
）
enough
、
nearby
修饰名词前置 或后置，
程度副词一般位
于形容词、副词前面，
enough
修饰形容词、副 词时，必须后置。

（
6
）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是 ：方
式→地点→时间。如：

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（
7
）频度副词 如
often
、
always
、
usually
等在
be
动词后，
行为动词前。

（
8
）副词作定语，定语后置。如：

The person there is waiting for you.
（
9
）
几个并列的 形容词作定语，
其语序通常为：
限定语
（
The
、
A
）
+
描绘性形容词
+ size
（大小）
+ shape
（形状）
+ age
（年
龄、时间）
+
color
（颜色）
+
origin
（国籍、来源）
+
material
（材料）
+ purpose
（目的）
+
名词。如：

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man
’
s first tow interesting little red French oil
paitings
（
10
）以
-ly
结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词 以
-ly
结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
lively
、
lonel y
、
lovely
、
deadly
、
friendly、
ugly
、
silly
、
likely
、
b rotherly
、
timely
等。

②表愿意（无
-l y
）和引申意
(
有
-ly)
的副词：

deep
深
wide
宽广
high
高
low
位
置低

deeply
深入地
widely
广泛地
highly
高度地
lowly
地位卑微

③有无
-ly
意义大不相同的副词：

dead
完全，绝对
be dead asleep
deadly
非常
be deadly tired
pretty
相当
be pretty certain that
…

prettily
漂亮地
be prettily dressed
close
近
Don
’
t sit close.
closely
密切地
Watch closely!
late
晚、迟
arrive late, come late
lately
最近
I haven
’
t seen him lately(recently).
2
、复合形容词的构成

（
1
）形容词
+
名词
+ ed
kind- hearted
好心的，
white-haired
白发的

(2)
形容词
+
形容词

red- hot
炽热的，
dark-blue
深蓝的

（
3
）形容词
+
现在分词

good- looking
好看的，
easy-going
随和的

（
4
）副词
+
现在分词

hard- working
勤劳的，
fast-moving
快速转动的

（
5
）副词
+
过去分词

hard- won
得来不易的，
newly-made
新建的

（
6
）名词
+
形容词

life- long
终生的，
world-famous
世界闻名的

（
7
）名词
+
现在分词

peace- loving
爱好和平的，
fun-loving
爱开玩笑的

（
8
）名词
+
过去分词

snow- covered
白雪覆盖的，
hand-made
手工的

（
9
）数词
+
名词
+ ed
four- storeyed 4
层楼的，
three-legged 3
条腿的

（
10
）数词
+
名词（名词用单数）

ten-year 10
年的
,two-man
两人的

3
、形容词和副词的比较等级

（
1
）原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：
表示双方在程度、
性质 、
特征等某方面相等时，
用
“
as
+
原级形容词
/
副词
+
as
”
的结构；
表示双方不相等时，
用
“
not
so(as) +
原级形容词
/
副词
+ as
”的结构；表示一方是另一方
的若干倍时，用“倍数
+
as
+
原级形容词
/
副词
+
as
”的结构。
如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（
2
）比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特
殊形容词和副词。

（
3
）比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级
+ than
”
的结构表示。如：

This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“
less +
原级
+ than
”的结
构表示。如：

This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比 较级前加表
示程度的状语，
如
even
、
a
lot
、
a
bit
、
a
little
、
still
、
much
、
far
、
yet
、
by far
等修饰。如：

He works even harder than before.
He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he
measured himself yesterday.
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was
getting.
A. heavier B. heavy

C.
D. the heaviest
the
heavier

注意：英语的比较级前如无
even
、
still
或
yet
等时，译成
汉语时可用“ 较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”
。
如：

She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：
by far
通常用于强调最高级。 用于比较级时，一般
放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“
the
”
。如：

He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，
用
“
the
+
比较级
（主
语
+
谓语）
，
the
+
比较级
（主语
+
谓语）
”
的结构
（意为
“越……
越……”
）
。如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，
表示本身程度的改变时，
用
“比较级
+
and +
比较级”的结构。如：

The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以
-ior
结尾的形容 词进行比较时，用
to
代替
than
。
这些词有
infer ior
（劣等的，次的）
、
superior
（较好的，优
于……）
、
junior
（资历较浅的）
、
senior
（资格较老 的）
、
prior
（在……之前）等。

He is superior to in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用
that(those)
、
one(ones)
代替前面出现的名词。
that
指物
,one
既可指人又可指
物。
that
可代 替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而
one
只能代替
可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(
或
the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。

（
A
）
A
is
three(four,
etc.)times
the
size(height,
length,
depth, width, size ,weight etc.)of B.
这座新楼是那座旧楼
的四倍大（高）
。
The
new
building
is
four
times
the
size(the
height)of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）
。

（
B
）
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long,
etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲比
欧洲大三倍。

（
C
）
A
is
three
(four,
etc.)times
bigger(higher,
longer,
etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用
times
表倍数通常用于三
倍以上，两倍可以用
twice
或
double.
⑨比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义

1)---What do you think of her performance
---She couldn
’
t behave better. /I haven
’
t seen such
a better one before.
2)---How do you like the movie?
---It can
’
t be ______. It is so boring
A. good


B. bad


C. worse


D. better
(4)
最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“
the +
最高
级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
如：

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及
much
、
by far
、
nearly
、
almost
、
by no means
、
not quite
、
not really
、
nothing like
等词语
所修饰。如：

This
hat
is
by
far
/
much
/
nearly /
almost
/
not
nearly
/ by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示
“最高程度”的形容词，
如
excellent
、
extreme
、
perfect
等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被
修饰的词往往省略。如：

He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)
形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠
词。

②形容词最 高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，
表示“非常”
。如：

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加
the
。如：

who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“
the +
比较级…，
the +
比较级…”结构中。

⑤在
same
前一般要加
the
。

⑥有些形容词前加
the
成为名词。
如
the
poor
、
the
rich
等。

（
6
）由
as / so
组成的形容词或副词短语。

①

as much as +
不可数名词数量。

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②
as many as +
可数名词数量

多达

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③
as early as
早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to
invade the island.
④
as far as
远到；就……而知（论）

We might go as far as (
走到
)the church and back.
As far as I know
（就我所知）
，
he has been there before.
⑤
may (might, could)as well
不妨、不如

Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥
as
…
as can be
到了最……的程度，极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.
他们极其不可信。

⑦
as
…
as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧
as
…
as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)
几组重要的词语辨析。

①
very
和
m uch
的区别。
（
A
）可分等级的形容词和副词前使
用
ve ry
不用
much
。
(B)
表示状态的过去分词前用
ver y
。
a very
frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated
problem,
一般的情况下， 以
-ing
、
-ed
结尾的分词多用
much
、
v ery
much
/
greatly
等修饰。如：
We
were
greatly
shocked
by
the
news
about
Tom.
I
was
much
amused
by
Jack
’
s
attitude< br>。
(C)
已转化为形容词的现在分词前用
very
。
如：very
interesting
/ worrying / exicting。
（
D
）
too
前用
much
或
fa r,
不用
very
。
You
are
much
/
far
/
a
lot
too
nice.
另外，在
too
many
/
much,
too
few
/
little
前
用
far
。

There
’
s
far
too
little
opportunity
for
adventue
these

’
ve
got
far
too
many
eggs and far too few egg cups.
（
E
）关 于原级形容词要记住
下列固定的修饰结构：
（
a
）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一 般不用
very,
而用
quite completely
、
wel l
、
entirely
。如：
quite
wrong(mistaken,
sure)
、
completely
dead
、
quite
impossible
、
quite
perfect
等。
（
b
）修饰以
a-
开头的形容词，多有特殊的修
饰词：
qu ite
alone,
very
much
alone,
wide
awake,
fast
asleep,
very
much
afraid
。
(c)
修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：
be
well
worth,
much
the
same,
freezing
cold,
quite
different,
terribly cold / frightening
。

②
so
…
that
…

与
such
…
that
…

的区别。

so +
形容词
/
副词
+
that
…

so +
形容词
+ a
（
n
）
+
单数可数名词
+ that
…

so + many / much / little / few +
名词
+ that
…

such + a(n)+
形容词
+
单数可数名词
+ that
…

such +
形容词
+
不可数名词
+ that
…

such +
形容词
+
复数名词
+ that
…

注意：下列结构中只能用
s o
不可用
such,
当名词前有
many
、
much
、
little
、
few
等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如
so much
progress
、
so many people
、
so little food
、
so few apple s
等。
但当
little
表示
“小”
时用
such
。
如：
These
are
such
little
boys that they can
’
t dress themselves.
下列
so
的用法是错
误的：
so a
diffcult problem,so
difficult problems,
so
hot
weather
。

③其他几组词的辨析。
（
A
）
ago
、
before:ago
表示以现在 为起
点的
“以前”
；
before
指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的
“以前”
。
泛指“以前”用
before
而不用
ago。
（
B
）
already
、
yet
、
still:already
表示某事已经发生；
yet
表示期待某事发生；
still
表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。

(C)too
、
also
、
either:too
和
also
用于肯定句，
too
多用于口
语，
also
多用于书面语，
either
用于否定句。
(D)good
、
well:
与
good
不同 的是，
well
作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表
示“身体状况好”
，也 作副词修饰动词。
(E)quick
、
fast:
作形容
词皆表“快 ”
。
fast
多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。
quick
多
指一次动作的敏捷、
突然，
而且持续的时间较短。
(F)real
、
true:
形容词表“真的”
。
real
强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在 句中
常作定语；
true
指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表
语或定 语。
(G)hard
、
difficult:
均表“困难”
，但hard
通常指
体力上困难；
difficult
则指智力或技能上的困 难，困难程度大
于
hard
。它们都可作定语和表语。


二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.
It
is
generally
believed
that
teaching
is
___________it is a science.
（
NMET 2001
）

art much as an art as
an art much as much an art as
解析：答案为
D
。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点 入手。
在同级比较
as
…
as
句式中，
如果
as< br>后面的形容词作定语且其所
修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，
该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成
“
as +
形容词
+ a / an +
单数可数名词
+ as
”结构。这道题
在名词专题中也有解析，
不 同的是观察视角不同，
应注意培养发
散思维。

2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country,
__________if you don
’
t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
ely






lly






lly
ally
解析：答案为
D
。本题考查副词的 词义辨析。注意掌握词语
的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。
A
项意为“极端地”
；
B
项意为
“自然地”
；
C
项
“基本上”
；
D
项
“尤其，
特别地”
。
根据句意
“如
果你不会讲
（它的）
语言，
在国外你就总会困难重重”
可知答案。

3. Professor White has written some short stories, but
he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)

best


















most
解析： 答案为
C
。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握
句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏 信息，结合语境进行分析。根
据句意，句中
but
后应有一词组
be well known for
…。同时，
应注意到前后两个分句把
professor
White
的短篇小说和戏剧进
行了对比，故应用
well
的比较级。


形容词与副词

1
．
If we had followed his plan
，
we could have done the
job better with money and people
．

A
．
1ess
；
less B
．
fewer
；
fewer C
．
1ess
；
fewer
D
．
fewer
；
less
2
．
It
is
impossible
for
so






workers
to
do
so
work in a single day
．

A
．
few
；
much B
．
few
；
many C
．
1ittle
；
much
D
．
little
；
many
3
．—
If you don
’
t like the red coat
，
take the blue one
．


—
0K
，
but do you have size in blue?This one is a
bit tight for me
．

A
．
big


B
．
a
bigger


C
．
the big
D
．
the bigger
4
．
After the new technique was introduced
，
the factory
produced tractors in 1988 as the year before
．

A
．
as
twice
many B
．
as
many
twice C
．
twice
as
many
D
．
twice many as
5
．—
How did you find your visit to the museum?

—
I
thoroughly
enjoyed
it
．
It
was than
I
expected
．

A
．
far
more
interesting










B
．
even
much
interesting
C
．
so
more
interesting










D
．
a
lot
much
interesting
6
．
If
there
were
no
examinations
，
we
should
have at
schoo1
．

A
．
the happiest time B
．
a more happier time C
．
much
happiest time D
．
a much happier time
7
．
On the river there is bridge
．

A
．
an old fine stone B
．
a fine new wood
C
．
a stone fine old D
．
a new wood fine
8
．
If
I
had
，
I
’
d
visit
Europe
，
stopping
at
all
the
small interesting places
．

A
．
a
long
enough
holiday B
．
an
enough
long
holiday
C
．
a
holiday
enough
long D
．
a
long
holiday
enough
9
．
It Was raining heavily
．
Little Mary felt cold
，
so she
stood to her mother
．

A
．
close B
．
closely C
．
closed D
．
closing
10
．
The means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus
．

A
．
most commonly useful public B
．
most commonly
public used
C
．
public
used
more
commonly D
．
most
commonly
used
public
is going camping with girls
．

A
．
1ittle
two
other B
．
two
other
little
C
．
two
1ittle
other D
．
1ittle
0ther
two
have you been days?
A
．
all
last
these
few B
．
these
all
last
few
C
．
1ast
all
few
these D
．
all
these
last
few

has
made progress
that
all
of
us
want
to
learn
from him
．

A
．
such a good B
．
so good a
C
．
a so good D
．
such good

the
people at
the
party
were
his
supporters.
A
．
present B
．
thankful C
．
interested
D
．
important
kind of apple tastes and sells
A
．
well
；
well B
．
good
；
good C
．
good
；
well
D
．
well
；
good
16
．
The storm kept me all through the night
．

A
．
awake








B
．
awoke









C
．
awaked
D
．
awaken
17
．
My brother was still studying into the night
while I was asleep
．

A
．
1ate
；
sound B
．
1ately
；
wide C
．
deeply
；
far
D
．
far
；
late
18
．
The temperature of a person is about 37
℃．

A
．
formal







B
．
normal








C
．
common
D
．
usual
19
．
I
’
m always very when I was asked to recite the
text in class
．

A
．
curious B
．
nervous C
．
mysterious
D
．
sad
20
．
It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o
’
clock
train
，
I know she got up at
9
：
15
．

A
．
quite








B
．
very










C
．
too
D
．
much
形容词与副词

1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA


形
容
词
和
副
词
强
化
训
练

1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.

A. a three feet deep hole

three- foot-deep a hole

C. a hole three feet deep

three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.
A, never
B. already
C. ever
D. once
D.
a
B.
3. ____ the boy
’
s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as
How, as tall as
B. What, taller than
C.
D. How, taller than
4. I haven
’
t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need
another three of them.
A. enough big

B. big enough
C.
much
bigger
D. many enough
5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as
B. no less than C.
and
still more
D. and still less
6.
—
The dish is delicious!

—
Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as
as
B. no worse than
C
.
as
well
D. no better than
7.
—
Do
you
think
the
weather
is
good
enough
for
a
picnic?

—
Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the
year.
A. a nice day
day
B. the nice day C.
a
nicer
D. the nicest day
8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best
B. good
C. well
D. worse
9.
With
the
help
of
the
new
equipment,
our
factories
produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice
B. twice more than C.
as
twice many
D. twice as many
10.
I
had
invited
50
guests
to
the
party,
but
actually
twice
____ came.
A. more than
less than
11.
—
Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?

—
It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less
B. more or less
any further
12.
The
population
of
many
Alaskan
cities
has
_____
doubled
in the past five years.
A. larger than
B. more than
C. as greatly
C. much more
D.
B. as many C. as much
D.
as
D. as much as
13.
—
This is a good place for a picnic.

—
Yes, it couldn't be ____ .
A. better
B. best
C. worst
D. worse
14.
—
How do you like your teacher of English?


—
Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well
B. poorly
C. best
D. better
15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a
lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious
serious
C. and many more is serious
serious
16.
—
Do you like cats?
—
Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do
much good for their masters.
A. better than
than
B. more than
C.
no
more
D. more of it is
B. much of it is
D. no better than
17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as
bigger than
C. twice the size of

D.
twice
so
big

B.
twice
more
as
18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.
A. far
B. free
C. different
D. short
19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest
B. a most kind

D. most kind
C. the most kind
20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made
will be a success.
A. content
B. proud
C. praised D. enough
21.
My
teacher
has
three
brothers,
all
_____
than
he.
George, _____, is an officer.
A. elder, the eldest
the old one
B. old, the oldest C. elder,
D. older, the eldest
22. You shouldn't
be too ___
about
things you
are
not
supposed to know.
A. strange
B. amusing
C. curious D. conscious
23. The new research team was led by the ____ engineer.
A. main
B. major
C. chief
D. primary
24.
These
T-shirts
are
usually
$$
35
each
but
today
they
have
a ___ price of $$19 in the shopping centre.
A. regular
B. special
C. cheap
D. particular
25.
It
is
a
good
way
for
us
to
memorize
new
words
by
seeing

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊

zhuoyaoji-巧妇难为无米之炊