形容词和副词讲解和习题练习(含答案)
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2021年01月17日 04:34
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高中英语——
形容词和副词
一、考点、热点回顾
形容词
1
、形容词的一般用法
(1)
.
作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。
(look, feel, smell, sou nd
…
.)
It
'
s a cold and windy day.
(
2.
)
作表语,放在系动词的后面。
He looks happy today.
(
3.
)
形容词修饰
something
,
anything
,
nothing
,
everything
等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。
Would you like something hot to drink
(
4.
)
表示长、宽、高 、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
How long is the river It
'
s about two hundred metres long.
(
5.
)
只能作表语的形容词:
afraid
;
alone
;
asleep
;
awake
;
alive
;
well
健康的;
ill
;
frightened
The man is ill.
(
正
)
The ill man is my uncle.
(
误
)
(
6.
)
只能作定语的形容词:
little
小的;
only
唯一的;
wooden
木质的;
woolen
羊毛质的;
elder
年长
的
My elder brother is in Beijing.
(
正
)
My brother is elder.
(
误
)
(
7
)
.
貌似副词的形容词:
lonely
;
friendly
;
lively
;
lovely
2
、形容词常用句型
(1)
.
It
'
s +adj.+of+sb.+
不定式”表示
某人
(
做某事
)
怎么样”
。
=Sb +be +adj+to do sth
注意:
这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,
如
good
,
kind
,
nice
,
polite
,
clever
,
foolish
,
lazy
,
careful
,
careless
,
right
(
正确的
)
,
wrong
等。
It
'
s very kind of you to help me.
(
=You are very kind to help me.
)
(2)
.
It
'
s +adj.+for+sb.+
不定式”
表示
做某事对某人来说怎么样”
safe
,
useful
,
pleasant
,
interesting
,
impossible
等。
。
=To do sth is adj for sb .
注
意:这一句型中常用的形容词有
important
,
necessary
,
difficult
,
easy
,
hard
,
dangerous
,
It
'
s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.
(
=To learn a foreign language is not easy for
them.
)
(
3
)
.
表示感情或情绪的形容词,如
glad
,
pleased
,
sad
,
thankful
等常接不定式。
I
'
m very sad to hear the bad news.
(
4.
)
表示能力和意志的形容词,
如
ready (
乐意的,有准备的
)
,
able (
有能力的
)
,
sure(
—定
)
‘certain
(
一定
)
等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
He is sure to get to school on time.
副词
1
、副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
方式副词:
well
,
fast
,
slowly
,
carefully
,
quickly
程度副词:
very
,
much
,
enough
,
almost
,
rather
,
quite
地点副词:
here
,
there
,
out
,
somewhere
,
abroad
,
home
时间副词:
today
,
early
,
soon
,
now
,
then
,
recently
,
still
频度副词:
always
,
often
,
usually
,
sometimes
,
seldom
,
never
否定副词:
no
,
not
,
neither
,
nor
疑问副词:
where
,
how
,
why
其他:
also
,
too
,
only
2
、副词的基本用法:
(1).
副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词
,
一般放在被修饰词之前
.
He plays the piano very well .
(2)
.
副词是用来修饰动词
,
常放在动词之后
.
He got up quickly
(3)
.enough
修饰
adj /adv
时
,
放在其后
.
He is old enough to go to school .
3
、常见副词用法辨析
(1).already
与
yet
的区别
already
用于肯定句句中,表示“已经” ;
yet
用于否定句句末,表示“还” ,用于疑问句句末,
表示
“已经”
He had
______ left when I called.
Have you found your ruler _____
(2) very
,
much
和
very much.
的区别
very
用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;
much
用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用
much.
John is
_
__ honest.
This garden is
_____
bigger than that one.
Thank you
_
____ .
(3.)so
与
such
的区别
1)so
修饰形容词或副词;
such
修饰名词,
My brotherruns so fast that I can
'
t follow him.
He is such a boy.
2)
so+
形容词
+a/an+
可数名词单数
such+a/an+
形容词
+
可数名词单数
such+
形容词
+
可数名词复数
/
不可数名词
He is ___ clever a boy.=He is
_
_ a clever boy.
It is __
cold weather.
They are ____ good students.
3)
名词前有
many ,much, few ,little (
少量的
)
用
so
不用
such .(
多多少少仍用
so)
但
little
表
very
示
“小的
”用
such.
There are ___ little sheep on the hill .
(4)
.also
,
too
,
as well
与
either
的区别
also
,
as well
,
too
,用于肯定句,
also
常用于
be
动词,
情态动词,
助动词之后,
行为动词之
前;
too
用于句末;
either
用于否定句中,置于句末。
例如,
My father is a teacher. My mother is
_
_
a
teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher
___ .
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher
,
__ .
I can' t speak French
...
Jenny can
'
t speak French,
_______ .
(5)
as well
,
.sometime
,
sometimes
,
some time
与
some times
的区别
sometime
:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确
定的时间。
sometimes
:有时,不时的
= at times
some time
:一段时间
some times
:几次,几倍
We
'
ll have a test
_
____ next month.
_
____ we are busy and sometimes we are not.
He stayed in Beijing for
_
__
last year.
I have been to Beijing
____
.
(6)
.ago
与
before
的区别
ago
表示以现在为起点的“以前” ,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before
指过去或将来的某时刻
“以前” ,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
I saw him ten minutes
_______
.
He told me that he had seen the film
_____
.
(7)
.now
,
just
与
just now
的区别
now
:
与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”
just
:
与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”
just now
:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”
Where does he live
______
We have
_
________
seen the film.
He was here
_
______ .
(8)
.lonely / alone
的区别
1)
.alone
独自一人
/
没有同伴
,
既可作
adj
也可作
adv.
2)
.lonely
表示孤独
,
寂寞
,
也可修饰地点
,
表示荒凉
,
偏僻的,常与
feel
连用。
3)
.alone
只作表语
(
以
a
开头的形容词一般只作表语
He lives ____
on a ____
island .
He is ____
,
but he doesn
'
tfeel
____ .
(9)
.fast /quickly /soon
的区别
.
fast
表示速度之快
quickly
表示动作之快
soon
表示时间之快
Im
'
leaving home this afternoon . Really
Why so _______
,
不作定语
)
而
Ionely
既可作表语
,
也可作定语
)
形容词,副词的比较级、最高级
1
、规则变化
(1).
一般在词尾直接加
er
或
est
,
tall-taller-tallest
,
long-longer-longest
(2.)
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的单词在词尾直接加
r
或
st
,
nice-nicer-nicest
er
或
est
,
big-bigger-biggest
(3)
.
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的词,把
y
变为
i
,再加
er
或
est
,
heavy-heavier-heaviest
(4)
.
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加
(5)
.
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加
beautiful-most beautiful
注
:
大
,
红
,
湿
,
热
,
悲
,
瘦
,
胖
.
双写末辅再变级
.
(
big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat
)
more
构成比较级和
most
构成最高级,
beautiful-more
注
:
表示否定意义在其前加
less /least
important -
less important
--
l
east important
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .
(6.)
由“形容词
+l y
构成的副词
,
在其前加
more/ most
slowly---more slowly
-
most slowly
;但
early
—
earlier---earliest
2
、不规则变化
原级
good/well
比较级
better
最咼级
best