中考形容词和副词知识点

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2021年01月17日 04:39
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2021年1月17日发(作者:龙女)
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中考形容词和副词知识点

中考对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各 种句型,形容词作定语的位置,易混淆的
形容词用法辨析等;对副词的考查涉及常见副词的用法、副词等 级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨
析等。侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中运用形容词和副词的能力。< br>
知识点一

形容词的用法

1
.多数形容词既能作定语,又能作表语。

一般情况下,作名词定语的形容词,位于名词之前。作表语的形容词,位于系动词
be, taste, smell,
sound, look, become, get
等之后。

This is an old box.
这是一只旧箱子。
(
定语
)
This box is old.
这箱子是旧的。
(
表语
)
Mum cooked delicious food.
妈妈煮了可口的饭菜。
(
定语
)
2
.有的形容词只能作定语,不能作表语。如
little(
小的
), only(
唯一的
), elder(
年长的
), wooden(
木制

)
等。

(

)He is a little boy.






(
×
)The boy is little.

3
.有的形容词,在句中只能作表语。

这类形容词主要以
a-
开头,

afraid(
害怕的
), alive(
活着的
), awake(
醒着的
), alone(
独自的;
单独的
)


(

)He is alone there.


(
×
)He is an alone man.


(

)She looks awake.


(
×
)She is an awake kid.

注意

)
等。

Cindy likes telling jokes. She never stops is ___D_____.
A

serious


B

quiet


C

shy


D

outgoing
4
.形容词可以作宾语补足语。


I found it hard to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很难。

He wants to make the door open.
他想让门开着。

知识点二

形容词的位置

1
.一般情况下,作名词定语的形容词,位于名词之前。

He is a new comer.
他是一位新来者。



These are English books.
这些是英语书籍。

2
.当多个形 容词同时修饰一个名词时,一般应遵循以下顺序:限定词
(
冠词、指示代词、形容词
性 物主代词、名词所有格、数词
)
+描述+大小、长短、高低等形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、 地区、
出处+材料。

a beautiful tall building
一幢漂亮而高大的建筑物



an old stone bridge
一座古老的石桥

a large green Chinese carpet
一块绿色的中国式大地毯

概括为
7
个字:限、描、形、龄、色、国、材

3
.当形容词修饰
somewhere,
anywhere,
nowhere
或复合不定代词
something,
anything,
nothing,
someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything
时,须置于被修饰的复合不定代词之后。

I'd like to live somewhere quiet.


我想住在某个安静的地方。

Have you seen anybody strange here?

你在这里见到过陌生人吗?


Where would you like to go on vacation?

I'd like to go ___A_____.
A

somewhere relaxing


B

relaxed somewhere

C

somewhere relaxed




D

relaxing somewhere
4
.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词,位于名词之后。

It is over six hundred kilometers long.
它有六百多公里长。





My mother is 45 years old.
我妈妈
45
岁了。

;..
除了上面的词之外,类似的形容词还有
alike(
相似的
), asleep(
睡着的
), well(
健康的
), ill(
生病

), sorry(
难过的;后悔的
), worth(
值得的
), sure(
有把握的;确信的
), glad(
高兴的;快乐的
), unable(
不能

..
知识点三

副词的分类和用法

1
.副词的分类

时间副
today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then, ago, before, soon, still, early,
yet, already...


地点副
here, there, home, abroad, over there, upstairs, downstairs,
somewhere, anywhere...


方式副
carefully, slowly, quickly, fast, happily, badly, easily, loudly, luckily,
successfully, widely...


程度副
very, quite, rather, very much, too, so, enough...




频度副
always, usually, often, sometimes, never...


疑问副
where, how, when, why...


2.
副词的构成

(1)
本身为副词,如
now, rather, also, there, here, how, when, too, quite
等。

(2)
少数词既是副词,也是形容词。这样的词有
early,
late,
high
等,只是它们作副词与作形容词时
在句中的位置不同。

He comes to school very early every morning.

他每天到校很早。
(early
为副词,修饰动词
come)
Mr Smith always catches the early bus to go to work every morning.
史密斯先生每天早上总是乘早班
车上班。
(early
为形容词,作名词
bus
的定语
)
(3)
由“形容词+
-
ly
”构成。

quick

quickly





beautiful

beautifully
bad

badly

exact

exactly
brave

bravely

happy

happily
quiet

quietly

serious

seriously
true

truly

general

generally
注意
少数以
-ly
结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词,如
friendly(
友好的
)< br>,
deadly(
致命的
), lively(
活泼的
),
manly(
男子气概的
)
等。

3
.副词的用法

(1)
修饰动词作状语。

He walked quietly into his bedroom.
他悄悄地走进了他的卧室。

Sometimes it rains

___B_____

in Xi'an in summer.
A

heavy


B

heavily


C

strong


D

strongly
(2)
修饰形容词作状语。

You have a very nice watch.
你有一块很漂亮的手表。

(3)
修饰另一副词作状语,位于另一副词前。

You walked too slowly.
你走得太慢了。

(4)
作表语,位于系动词之后。

How long will she be away
?她要离开多久?

(5)
作宾语补足语,位于宾语之后。

I saw him out.
我看到他出去了。

(6)
作定语,位于名词后。

;..
..
The people here are friendly.
这里的人们很友好。

知识点四

副词和副词短语的位置

1
.大多数方式副词位于助词后面。如果是及物动词,一般放在宾语后面。

She is jumping happily.
她正高兴地跳着。

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.

学生们正在认真地听老师讲课。

2
.时间、地点副词或副词短语一般位于句尾。若同时出现,地点在前,时间在后。

I practice playing the piano in Mr Green's home every day.

我每天都在格林先生家练习弹钢琴。

注意
时间副词或副词短语也可以位于句首。

I will call you tomorrow.

Tomorrow I will call you.
我明天会给你打电话。

3
.频度副词一般多用在实义动词之前,

be
动词、情态动词、助动词之后。

He sometimes goes swimming in the river.
他有时去河里游泳。

She is never late for class.
她上学从不迟到。

注意
诸如
once a week, three times a day
这样的频度副词短语一般位于句尾。

I exercise once a week.
我一周锻炼一次。

4
.程度副词
very, quite, rather, much, too
等须放在被修饰的成分之前。

It is very hot today.

今天很热。

She sang quite well at the party.
她在聚会上唱得相当好。

The box is too heavy to carry.

这箱子太重了,搬不动。

5

enough
修饰形容词或副词时,位于被修饰词之后。

He is tall enough to join the basketball team.
他的身高够加入篮球队。

He didn't run fast enough, so he fell behind others.
他因为跑得不够快,所以落后于其他人。

The boy is ____C____ to take care of himself.
A

enough old







B

enough young
C

old enough












D

young enough
知识点五

比较级、最高级的构成

大多数的形容词、副词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 比较级和最高级的构成方式是值得
注意的:

1
.规则变化

(1)
直接在词尾加
-
er

-
est




比较级

最高级

small
smaller
smallest
high
higher
highest
fast
faster
fastest
(2)
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的,在词尾加
-
r

-
st




比较级

最高级

nice
nicer
nicest
large
larger
largest
late
later
latest
(3)
以“辅音字母+y
”结尾的,把
y

i
,再加
-
er

-
est




比较级

最高级

easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
;..
..
(4)
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加
-
er, -
est




比较级

最高级

big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
thin
thinner
thinnest
(5)
部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加
more, most




比较级

最高级

popular
more popular
most popular
delicious
more delicious
most delicious
quickly
more quickly
most quickly

知识点六

as...as
句型

若表示某人或某物在某一 方面和另外一个人或物一样,可以使用
as...as
句型。

1

as
+形容词或副词原级+
as...
“和……一样”。

This joke is as funny as that one.
这个笑话和那个一样好笑。

He runs as fast as you.

他跑得跟你一样快。

Listening is just as

___A _____

as speaking in language learning.
A

important





B

more important
C

most important





D

the most important
2

not as/so
+形容词或副词原级+
as...
“不如……”。

She isn't as/so outgoing as Mary.
她的性格不如玛丽外向。

He doesn't do his homework as/so carefully as Kate.
他做作业不如凯特认真。

知识点七

常考的含有比较级的句型结构

若表示某一个事物或人在某方面比另一个事物或人更怎样,可以使用以下几个句型。

1

A

...
比较级+
than

B

A

B
更……”。

The earth is bigger than the moon.
地球比月球更大。

He works harder than us.

他比我们工作更努力。


Was Henry late for the concert yesterday?

No. He got there even ten minutes __A ___ than us two.
A

earlier


B

earliest


C

later


D

latest
2

Which/Who...
+比较级,

A or B
?“
A

B
中谁更……?”。

Which is cheaper, the T-
shirt or shirt?T
恤和衬衣,哪个更便宜?

Who runs faster, Tom or Jerry?
汤姆和杰里,谁跑得更快?

3

A...

the
+比较级+
of the two...

A
是两者中更……的”。

He is the taller of the two boys.
他是这两个男孩中较高的那个。

She sings the better of the two girls.
她是这两个女孩中唱得比较好的那个。

4
.比较级+
and
+比较级“越来越……”。

;..
..
When spring comes, the days are getting longer and longer.
当春天来临时,白天变得越来越长了。

Chongqing is becoming more and more beautiful.
重庆正变得越来越美丽。

The boy listens to the teacher more and more carefully.

这个男孩听老师讲课听得越来越认真了。

5

The
+比较级,

the
+比较级“越……,越……”。

The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙,越觉得高兴。

The more you have, the more you want.
你拥有的越多,想要的也就越多。

The

________

friends you have, the

___C _____

you will be.
A

more; happy




B

many; happy
C

more; happier

D

many; happier
知识点八

可修饰比较级的词或短语

1
.当强调比较的程度时,可以在形容词、副词的比较级前使用
much, a little, even, still, a lot
等。

It is much colder than yesterday.
今天比昨天冷得多。

My pear is a little bigger than yours.
我的梨比你的大一点。

Mary did even worse than Lucy.
玛丽做得甚至比露西更糟。

We must make the life still better.
我们一定要使生活更加美好。

She is a lot cleverer than I am.
她比我聪明得多。

2
.表示倍数的词或度量名词可以作比较级的修饰语。

She is three years younger than him.
她比他小三岁。

He works three times faster than us.
他干活比我们快三倍。

注意
very, quite
常用来修饰原级,而不能用来修饰比较级。修饰比较级可以用
much, a lot
等。

①他比我高很多。

(
×
)He is very taller than me.



(

)He is much taller than me.

②她跳得比我远。

(
×
)She jumped quite farther than me.


(

)She jumped a lot farther than me.


July, it's raining so heavily.

Yes, but the radio says it will be even

___A_____

tomorrow.
A

worse




B

bad




C

worst
知识点九

使用比较级时的注意事项

1
.注意比较的对象保持前后一致。

(1)
上海比北京的人口多。

(

)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

(
×
)The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.

(2)
北京的天气比上海的好。

(

)The weather in Beijing is nicer than that of Shanghai.

(
×
)The weather in Beijing is nicer than Shanghai.

2
.避免将主语包含在比较对象中。

(1)
他比我们班上任何人都来得早。

(
×
)He comes earlier than any student in our class.

(

)He comes earlier than any other student in our class.

(2)
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

(
×
)China is bigger than any other country in Africa.

(

)China is bigger than any country in Africa.

注意
在同一范围内进行比较时,比较的双方不能发生重复现象,故在例
(1)
中使用
oth er
以避免重复。
但在不同范围内对人或同一性质的事物进行比较时,则不用
othe r
,如例
(2)
中,由于中国属于亚洲,而
;..

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