(完整)高考英语形容词和副词详解及练习

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2021年01月17日 04:44
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怎么样炖鸡汤-一年级语文试卷

2021年1月17日发(作者:戎贵卿)

英语高考专题复习讲与练


形容词和副词


一、考点聚焦

1
、形容词、副词的作用与位置

形容词是 用来修饰名词的,
常被放在名词前作定语,
或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词
则用来修饰形容词、
动词,
其他副词或者句子,
一般位于形容词之前,
动词之 后或句子之首。
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;


1
)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。

a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high

2
)表语形容词(
afraid

alike

alone

asleep

awake
alive
等)作定语,定语后置。

a man alive
。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如
well

faint

ill
只作表语。
sick
既可作表语
又可作定语,
ill
如作定 语意为
“bad”



3

用作定语,
修饰由不定代词
one

no

any

some

every
构成的复合词如
anything

some thing
等时,通常后置。如:

I have something important to tell you.

4

else
常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。


5

enough

nearby
修饰名词前置 或后置,
程度副词一般位于形容词、
副词前面,
enough
修饰形容词、副 词时,必须后置。


6
)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是 :方式

地点

时间。如:

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

7
)频度副词如
often

always

usually
等在
be
动词后,行为动词前。


8
)副词作定语,定语后置。如:

The person there is waiting for you.

9
)几个并列的形容词作 定语,其语序通常为:限定语(
The

A

+
描绘性形容词

+
size
(大小)
+ shape
(形状)
+ age
(年龄、
时间)
+ color

颜色)
+ origin
(国籍、
来源)
+ material
(材料)
+ purpose
(目的)
+
名词。如:

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings


10
)以
-ly
结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词 以
-ly
结尾,
但却是形容词而非副词:
lively

l onely

lovely

deadly

friend ly

ugly

silly

likely
、< br>brotherly

timely
等。

②表愿意(无-ly
)和引申意
(

-ly)
的副词:

deep










wide
宽广








high









low
位置低

deeply
深入地



widely
广泛地




highly
高度地


lowly
地位卑微

③有无
-ly
意义大不相同的副词:

dead
完全,绝对
be dead asleep






deadly
非常
be deadly tired



pretty
相当
be pretty certain that…







prettily
漂亮地
be prettily dressed
close

Don’t sit close.









closely
密切地
Watch closely!

late
晚、迟
arrive late, come late

lately
最近
I haven’t seen him lately(recently).


1

2
、复合形容词的构成


1
)形容词

+
名词

+ ed
kind- hearted
好心的,
white-haired
白发的

(2)
形容词

+
形容词

red- hot
炽热的,
dark-blue
深蓝的


3
)形容词

+
现在分词

good-looking
好看的,
easy-going
随和的


4
)副词

+
现在分词

hard- working
勤劳的,
fast-moving
快速转动的


5
)副词

+
过去分词

hard- won
得来不易的,
newly-made
新建的


6
)名词

+
形容词

life- long
终生的,
world-famous
世界闻名的


7
)名词

+
现在分词

peace-loving
爱好和平的,
fun- loving
爱开玩笑的


8
)名词

+
过去分词

snow-covered
白雪覆盖的,
hand- made
手工的


9
)数词

+
名词

+ ed
four-storeyed 4
层楼的,
three-legged 3
条腿的


10
)数词

+
名词(名词用单数)

ten-year 10
年的
,two-man
两人的

3
、形容词和副词的比较等级


1
)原级的构成和用法。

构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用
“as +
原级形容词
/
副词

+ as

的结构;表示双方不相等时,用
“not so(as) +
原级形容词
/
副词

+ as”
的结构;表示一方是另
一方的若干倍时,用

倍数

+ as +
原级形容词
/
副词

+ as”
的结构。如:

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.

2
)比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。


3
)比较级的用法。

①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用

比较级

+ than”
的结构表示。如:

This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用
“less +
原级

+ than”
的结构表示。如:


This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比 较级前加表示程度的状语,如
even

a
lot

a bit

a little

still

much

far

yet

by far
等修饰。如:

He works even harder than before.
He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday.
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier








B. heavy




C. the heavier






D. the heaviest

2


注意:英语的比较级前如无
even

still

yet
等时,译成汉语时可用
“< br>较


“…
一些


不译出,一般不可有< br>“


。如:

She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意:
by far
通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一 般放在比较级的后面,如在前
面,应在二者中间加
“the”
。如:

He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用
“the
+
比较级(主语

+
谓语),
the
+
比较
级(主语

+
谓语)

的结构(意为


……

……”
)。如:

The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,
表示本身程度的改变时,


比较级

+ and +
比较级

的结构。
如:

The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以
-ior< br>结尾的形容词进行比较时,用
to
代替
than
。这些词有
i nferior
(劣等的,
次的)、
superior
(较好的,优于
……
)、
junior
(资历较浅的)、
senior
(资格较老 的)、
prior
(在
……
之前)等。

He is superior to in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,
我 们通常用
that(those)

one(ones)
代替前面出现的名词 。
that
指物
,one
既可指人又可指物。
that
可代 替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而
one
只能代替
可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(

the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。


A

A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length, depth, width, size ,weight etc.)of B.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大
(高)

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old
one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。


B

A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as
Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。


C

A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times
bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用
times
表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍
可以用
twice

double.
⑨比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义

1)---What do you think of her performance
---She couldn

t behave better. /I haven

t seen such a better one before.
2)---How do you like the movie?
---It can

t be ______. It is so boring
A. good


B. bad


C. worse


D. better
(4)
最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用
“the
+
最高级

的结构表示。这种句式一
般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.

3

②最高级可被序数词以及
much

by far

nearly

almost

by no means

not quite

not really

nothing like
等词语所修饰。如:

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like
the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示

最高程度

的形容词,如
excellent

extreme

pe rfect
等,没有最高级,也不能用
比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:

He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:

Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)
形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有 时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示

非常

。如:

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间


……
的一个

比较级前加
the
。如:

who is the older of the tow boys?
④在
“the +
比较级


the +
比较级
…”
结构中。

⑤在
same
前一般要加
the


⑥有些形容词前加
the
成为名词。如
the poor

the rich
等。


6
)由
as / so
组成的形容词或副词短语。



as much as +
不可数名词数量。

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.

as many as +
可数名词数量


多达

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.

as early as
早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

as far as
远到;就
……
而知(论)

We might go as far as (
走到
)the church and back.
As far as I know
(就我所知),
he has been there before.

may (might, could)as well
不妨、不如

Then you might as well stay with us here.

as … as can be
到了最
……
的程度,极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.
他们极其不可信。


as … as one can

He began to run, as fast as he could.

as … as possible

Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)
几组重要的词语辨析。


very

m uch
的区别。(
A
)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用
very
不用
much

(B)
表示状态的过去分词前用
very
a
very
frightened
boy,
a
very
tired
child,
a
very
complicated
problem,
一般的情况下,

- ing

-ed
结尾的分词多用
much

very much / greatly
等修饰。
如:

4

We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s a
ttitude

(C)
已转
化为形容词的现在分词前用
very
。如:
very interesting / worrying / exicting
。(
D
)< br>too
前用
much

far,
不用
very

You are much / far / a lot too nice.
另外,

too many / much, too few / little
前用
far


There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these ’ve got far too many
eggs
and far too few egg cups.

E
)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(
a
)修饰绝对
意义的形容词,
一般不用
very,
而用
quite completel y

well

entirely

如:
quit e wrong(mistaken,
sure)

completely dead

quite impossible

quite perfec t
等。

b
)修饰以
a-
开头的形容词,多
有特殊 的修饰词:
quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid

(c)
修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:
be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different,
terribly cold / frightening



so … that …

such … that …
的区别。

so +

形容词

/
副词

+

that …

so +
形容词

+ a

n

+
单数可数名词

+ that …

so + many / much / little / few +
名词

+ that …

such + a(n)+
形容词
+
单数可数名词

+ that …

such +
形容词

+
不可数名词

+ that …

such +
形容词

+
复数名词

+ that …

注意:
下列结构中只能用< br>so
不可用
such,
当名词前有
many

muc h

little

few
等表示

多、


的词修饰时,如

so much progress

so many people

so little food

so few apples
等。但当
little
表示



时用
such
。如:
These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.
下列
so
的用法是错误的:
so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather


③其他几组词的辨析。


A

ago

before:ago
表示以现在为起点的

以 前


before
指以过去或将来的某时刻为
起点的
“< br>以前

。泛指

以前


before而不用
ago



B
)(
B
already

yet

still:already
表示某 事已经发生;
yet
表示期待某事发生;
still
表示某事还在进行,主要 用于肯定句。






(C)too

also

either:too

also
用于肯定句 ,
too
多用于口语,
also
多用于书面语,
either
用于否定句。






(D)good
well:

good
不同的是,
well
作形容词 ,只能在系动词后作表语,表示

身体
状况好

,也作副词修饰动词 。






(E)quick
fast:
作形容词皆表




fast
多 指运动的物体,含持续的意思。
quick
多指一
次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时 间较短。






(F)real

true:
形容词表

真的


real
强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;
true
指与事实标准和实际情况相符合,在 句中作表语或定语。






(G)hard

difficult:
均表

困难

,但
hard
通常指体力上困难;
difficult
则指智力或技能上
的困难 ,困难程度大于
hard
。它们都可作定语和表语。



二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.

NMET 2001


art much as
















an art as
an art much as














much an art as
解析:答案为
D
。本题可从考查形容词的 同级比较点入手。在同级比较
as…as
句式中,
如果
as
后面的形 容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时,
该冠词须置于形容词之后,

5

即形成
“as +
形容词

+ a / an +
单数可数名词

+ as”
结构。
这道题在名词专题中也有解析,< br>不
同的是观察视角不同,应注意培养发散思维。

2.
It
is
always
difficult
being
in
a
foreign
country,
__________if
you
don’t
speak
the
language.(NMET

2000)
ely






lly






lly






ally
解析:
答案为
D

本题考查副词的词 义辨析。
注意掌握词语的准确含义,
结合语境进行
分析。
A
项意为< br>“
极端地


B
项意为

自然地


C


基本上


D


尤其,特别地

。根据
句意

如果你不会讲(它的)语 言,在国外你就总会困难重重

可知答案。

3.
Professor
White
has
written
some
short
stories,
but
he
is
______known
for
his
plays.(NMET

1998)
best


























most
解析:
答案为
C< br>。
本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系,抓住句子
的隐藏信息,结合 语境进行分析。根据句意,句中
but
后应有一词组
be well known for…

同时,
应注意到前后两个分句把
professor White
的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比,
故应用
well
的比较级。



形容词与副词

1

If we had followed his plan

we could have done the



job better with





money and






people





A

1ess

less



B

fewer

fewer







C

1ess

fewer



D

fewer

less
2

It is impossible for so






workers to do so






work in a single day





A

few

much




B

few

many






C

1ittle

much


D

little

many
3

—If you don’t like the red coat

take the blue one






0K

but do you have






size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me





A

big









B

a bigger








C

the big







D

the bigger
4

After the new technique was introduced

the factory produced






tractors in 1988 as the
year before




A

as twice many



B

as many twice


C

twice as many



D

twice many as
5


How did you find your visit to the museum?




I thoroughly enjoyed it

It was






than I expected





A

far more interesting










B

even much interesting



C

so more interesting










D

a lot much interesting
6

If there were no examinations

we should have






at schoo1





A

the happiest time

B

a more happier time

C

much happiest time

D

a much happier
time
7

On the river there is






bridge





A

an old fine stone












B

a fine new wood



C

a stone fine old













D

a new wood fine
8

If I had







I’d visit Europe

stopping at all the small interesting places





A

a long enough holiday







B

an enough long holiday



C

a holiday enough long







D

a long holiday enough
9

It Was raining heavily

Little Mary felt cold

so she stood






to her mother






A

close





B

closely





C

closed





D

closing
10

The






means of getting from place to place in




the city is the bus






A

most commonly useful public



B

most commonly public used




C

public used more commonly





D

most commonly used public
is going camping with







girls



6

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