(完整)高考英语形容词和副词详解及练习
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英语高考专题复习讲与练
形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1
、形容词、副词的作用与位置
形容词是 用来修饰名词的,
常被放在名词前作定语,
或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词
则用来修饰形容词、
动词,
其他副词或者句子,
一般位于形容词之前,
动词之 后或句子之首。
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;
(
1
)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
(
2
)表语形容词(
afraid
、
alike
、
alone
、
asleep
、
awake、
alive
等)作定语,定语后置。
如
a man alive
。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如
well
、
faint
、
ill
只作表语。
sick
既可作表语
又可作定语,
ill
如作定 语意为
“bad”
。
(
3
)
用作定语,
修饰由不定代词
one
、
no
、
any
、
some
和
every
构成的复合词如
anything
、
some thing
等时,通常后置。如:
I have something important to tell you.
(
4
)
else
常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(
5
)
enough
、
nearby
修饰名词前置 或后置,
程度副词一般位于形容词、
副词前面,
enough
修饰形容词、副 词时,必须后置。
(
6
)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是 :方式
→
地点
→
时间。如:
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
(
7
)频度副词如
often
、
always
、
usually
等在
be
动词后,行为动词前。
(
8
)副词作定语,定语后置。如:
The person there is waiting for you.
(
9
)几个并列的形容词作 定语,其语序通常为:限定语(
The
、
A
)
+
描绘性形容词
+
size
(大小)
+ shape
(形状)
+ age
(年龄、
时间)
+ color
(
颜色)
+ origin
(国籍、
来源)
+ material
(材料)
+ purpose
(目的)
+
名词。如:
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
(
10
)以
-ly
结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词 以
-ly
结尾,
但却是形容词而非副词:
lively
、
l onely
、
lovely
、
deadly
、
friend ly
、
ugly
、
silly
、
likely
、< br>brotherly
、
timely
等。
②表愿意(无-ly
)和引申意
(
有
-ly)
的副词:
deep
深
wide
宽广
high
高
low
位置低
deeply
深入地
widely
广泛地
highly
高度地
lowly
地位卑微
③有无
-ly
意义大不相同的副词:
dead
完全,绝对
be dead asleep
deadly
非常
be deadly tired
pretty
相当
be pretty certain that…
prettily
漂亮地
be prettily dressed
close
近
Don’t sit close.
closely
密切地
Watch closely!
late
晚、迟
arrive late, come late
lately
最近
I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
1
2
、复合形容词的构成
(
1
)形容词
+
名词
+ ed
kind- hearted
好心的,
white-haired
白发的
(2)
形容词
+
形容词
red- hot
炽热的,
dark-blue
深蓝的
(
3
)形容词
+
现在分词
good-looking
好看的,
easy-going
随和的
(
4
)副词
+
现在分词
hard- working
勤劳的,
fast-moving
快速转动的
(
5
)副词
+
过去分词
hard- won
得来不易的,
newly-made
新建的
(
6
)名词
+
形容词
life- long
终生的,
world-famous
世界闻名的
(
7
)名词
+
现在分词
peace-loving
爱好和平的,
fun- loving
爱开玩笑的
(
8
)名词
+
过去分词
snow-covered
白雪覆盖的,
hand- made
手工的
(
9
)数词
+
名词
+ ed
four-storeyed 4
层楼的,
three-legged 3
条腿的
(
10
)数词
+
名词(名词用单数)
ten-year 10
年的
,two-man
两人的
3
、形容词和副词的比较等级
(
1
)原级的构成和用法。
构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用
“as +
原级形容词
/
副词
+ as
”
的结构;表示双方不相等时,用
“not so(as) +
原级形容词
/
副词
+ as”
的结构;表示一方是另
一方的若干倍时,用
“
倍数
+ as +
原级形容词
/
副词
+ as”
的结构。如:
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
(
2
)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(
3
)比较级的用法。
①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用
“
比较级
+ than”
的结构表示。如:
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用
“less +
原级
+ than”
的结构表示。如:
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比 较级前加表示程度的状语,如
even
、
a
lot
、
a bit
、
a little
、
still
、
much
、
far
、
yet
、
by far
等修饰。如:
He works even harder than before.
He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday.
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier
B. heavy
C. the heavier
D. the heaviest
2
注意:英语的比较级前如无
even
、
still
或
yet
等时,译成汉语时可用
“< br>较
”
或
“…
一些
”
或
不译出,一般不可有< br>“
更
”
。如:
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意:
by far
通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一 般放在比较级的后面,如在前
面,应在二者中间加
“the”
。如:
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用
“the
+
比较级(主语
+
谓语),
the
+
比较
级(主语
+
谓语)
”
的结构(意为
“
越
……
越
……”
)。如:
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,
表示本身程度的改变时,
用
“
比较级
+ and +
比较级
”
的结构。
如:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以
-ior< br>结尾的形容词进行比较时,用
to
代替
than
。这些词有
i nferior
(劣等的,
次的)、
superior
(较好的,优于
……
)、
junior
(资历较浅的)、
senior
(资格较老 的)、
prior
(在
……
之前)等。
He is superior to in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,
我 们通常用
that(those)
、
one(ones)
代替前面出现的名词 。
that
指物
,one
既可指人又可指物。
that
可代 替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而
one
只能代替
可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(
或
the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。
(
A
)
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length, depth, width, size ,weight etc.)of B.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大
(高)
。
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old
one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
(
B
)
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as
Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
(
C
)
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times
bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用
times
表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍
可以用
twice
或
double.
⑨比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义
1)---What do you think of her performance
---She couldn
’
t behave better. /I haven
’
t seen such a better one before.
2)---How do you like the movie?
---It can
’
t be ______. It is so boring
A. good
B. bad
C. worse
D. better
(4)
最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用
“the
+
最高级
”
的结构表示。这种句式一
般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
3
②最高级可被序数词以及
much
、
by far
、
nearly
、
almost
、
by no means
、
not quite
、
not really
、
nothing like
等词语所修饰。如:
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like
the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示
“
最高程度
”
的形容词,如
excellent
、
extreme
、
pe rfect
等,没有最高级,也不能用
比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)
形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有 时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示
“
非常
”
。如:
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间
“
较
……
的一个
”
比较级前加
the
。如:
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在
“the +
比较级
…
,
the +
比较级
…”
结构中。
⑤在
same
前一般要加
the
。
⑥有些形容词前加
the
成为名词。如
the poor
、
the rich
等。
(
6
)由
as / so
组成的形容词或副词短语。
①
as much as +
不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②
as many as +
可数名词数量
多达
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③
as early as
早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④
as far as
远到;就
……
而知(论)
We might go as far as (
走到
)the church and back.
As far as I know
(就我所知),
he has been there before.
⑤
may (might, could)as well
不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥
as … as can be
到了最
……
的程度,极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.
他们极其不可信。
⑦
as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧
as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)
几组重要的词语辨析。
①
very
和
m uch
的区别。(
A
)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用
very
不用
much
。
(B)
表示状态的过去分词前用
very
。a
very
frightened
boy,
a
very
tired
child,
a
very
complicated
problem,
一般的情况下,
以
- ing
、
-ed
结尾的分词多用
much
、
very much / greatly
等修饰。
如:
4
We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s a
ttitude
。
(C)
已转
化为形容词的现在分词前用
very
。如:
very interesting / worrying / exicting
。(
D
)< br>too
前用
much
或
far,
不用
very
。
You are much / far / a lot too nice.
另外,
在
too many / much, too few / little
前用
far
。
There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these ’ve got far too many
eggs
and far too few egg cups.
(
E
)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(
a
)修饰绝对
意义的形容词,
一般不用
very,
而用
quite completel y
、
well
、
entirely
。
如:
quit e wrong(mistaken,
sure)
、
completely dead
、
quite impossible
、
quite perfec t
等。
(
b
)修饰以
a-
开头的形容词,多
有特殊 的修饰词:
quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid
。
(c)
修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:
be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different,
terribly cold / frightening
。
②
so … that …
与
such … that …
的区别。
so +
形容词
/
副词
+
that …
so +
形容词
+ a
(
n
)
+
单数可数名词
+ that …
so + many / much / little / few +
名词
+ that …
such + a(n)+
形容词
+
单数可数名词
+ that …
such +
形容词
+
不可数名词
+ that …
such +
形容词
+
复数名词
+ that …
注意:
下列结构中只能用< br>so
不可用
such,
当名词前有
many
、
muc h
、
little
、
few
等表示
“
多、
少
”
的词修饰时,如
so much progress
、
so many people
、
so little food
、
so few apples
等。但当
little
表示
“
小
”
时用
such
。如:
These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.
下列
so
的用法是错误的:
so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather
。
③其他几组词的辨析。
(
A
)
ago
、
before:ago
表示以现在为起点的
“
以 前
”
;
before
指以过去或将来的某时刻为
起点的
“< br>以前
”
。泛指
“
以前
”
用
before而不用
ago
。
(
B
)(
B
)already
、
yet
、
still:already
表示某 事已经发生;
yet
表示期待某事发生;
still
表示某事还在进行,主要 用于肯定句。
(C)too
、
also
、
either:too
和
also
用于肯定句 ,
too
多用于口语,
also
多用于书面语,
either
用于否定句。
(D)good、
well:
与
good
不同的是,
well
作形容词 ,只能在系动词后作表语,表示
“
身体
状况好
”
,也作副词修饰动词 。
(E)quick
、fast:
作形容词皆表
“
快
”
。
fast
多 指运动的物体,含持续的意思。
quick
多指一
次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时 间较短。
(F)real
、
true:
形容词表
“
真的
”
。
real
强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;
true
指与事实标准和实际情况相符合,在 句中作表语或定语。
(G)hard
、
difficult:
均表
“
困难
”
,但
hard
通常指体力上困难;
difficult
则指智力或技能上
的困难 ,困难程度大于
hard
。它们都可作定语和表语。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
(
NMET 2001
)
art much as
an art as
an art much as
much an art as
解析:答案为
D
。本题可从考查形容词的 同级比较点入手。在同级比较
as…as
句式中,
如果
as
后面的形 容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时,
该冠词须置于形容词之后,
5
即形成
“as +
形容词
+ a / an +
单数可数名词
+ as”
结构。
这道题在名词专题中也有解析,< br>不
同的是观察视角不同,应注意培养发散思维。
2.
It
is
always
difficult
being
in
a
foreign
country,
__________if
you
don’t
speak
the
language.(NMET
2000)
ely
lly
lly
ally
解析:
答案为
D
。
本题考查副词的词 义辨析。
注意掌握词语的准确含义,
结合语境进行
分析。
A
项意为< br>“
极端地
”
;
B
项意为
“
自然地
”
;
C
项
“
基本上
”
;
D
项
“
尤其,特别地
”
。根据
句意
“
如果你不会讲(它的)语 言,在国外你就总会困难重重
”
可知答案。
3.
Professor
White
has
written
some
short
stories,
but
he
is
______known
for
his
plays.(NMET
1998)
best
most
解析:
答案为
C< br>。
本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系,抓住句子
的隐藏信息,结合 语境进行分析。根据句意,句中
but
后应有一词组
be well known for…
。
同时,
应注意到前后两个分句把
professor White
的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比,
故应用
well
的比较级。
形容词与副词
1
.
If we had followed his plan
,
we could have done the
job better with
money and
people
.
A
.
1ess
;
less
B
.
fewer
;
fewer
C
.
1ess
;
fewer
D
.
fewer
;
less
2
.
It is impossible for so
workers to do so
work in a single day
.
A
.
few
;
much
B
.
few
;
many
C
.
1ittle
;
much
D
.
little
;
many
3
.
—If you don’t like the red coat
,
take the blue one
.
—
0K
,
but do you have
size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me
.
A
.
big
B
.
a bigger
C
.
the big
D
.
the bigger
4
.
After the new technique was introduced
,
the factory produced
tractors in 1988 as the
year before
.
A
.
as twice many
B
.
as many twice
C
.
twice as many
D
.
twice many as
5
.
—
How did you find your visit to the museum?
—
I thoroughly enjoyed it
.
It was
than I expected
.
A
.
far more interesting
B
.
even much interesting
C
.
so more interesting
D
.
a lot much interesting
6
.
If there were no examinations
,
we should have
at schoo1
.
A
.
the happiest time
B
.
a more happier time
C
.
much happiest time
D
.
a much happier
time
7
.
On the river there is
bridge
.
A
.
an old fine stone
B
.
a fine new wood
C
.
a stone fine old
D
.
a new wood fine
8
.
If I had
,
I’d visit Europe
,
stopping at all the small interesting places
.
A
.
a long enough holiday
B
.
an enough long holiday
C
.
a holiday enough long
D
.
a long holiday enough
9
.
It Was raining heavily
.
Little Mary felt cold
,
so she stood
to her mother
.
A
.
close
B
.
closely
C
.
closed
D
.
closing
10
.
The
means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus
.
A
.
most commonly useful public
B
.
most commonly public used
C
.
public used more commonly
D
.
most commonly used public
is going camping with
girls
.
6