初二英语-形容词和副词的比较级
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月17日 04:54
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相依相偎歌词-名人名句
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解
形容词比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
构
成
法
①
一般单音节词末尾加
-er
和
-est
②
单音节词如果以
-e
结尾，只加
-r
和
-st
原
级
strong
比
较
级
stronger
最
高
级
strongest
strangest
saddest
biggest
hottest
angriest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
most
difficult
strange
stranger
sad
big
hot
sadder
bigger
hotter
angrier
cleverer
③
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，
须先双写这个辅音字母，再加
-er
和
-est
④
少数以
-y, -er(
或
-ure), -ow, -ble
结尾的双音节词，
末尾加
-er
和
-est
(
以
-y
结尾的词，
如
y
前是辅音字母，
把
y
变成
i
，
再加
-er
和
-e st
，
以
-e
结尾的词仍加
-r
和
-st)
angry
clever
narrow
narrower
noble
nobler
more
difficult
⑤
其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词
more
和
most
二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
原
级
good / well
bad / ill
many / much
little
few
far
better
worse
more
less
farther / further
比
较
级
difficult
最
高
级
best
worst
most
least
farthest / furthest
三、
副词比较级和最高级的形式
（一）一般副词
hard→
ha
rder →hardest
fast→
faster →fastest
late→
later →latest
early→
earlier →earliest
（二）特殊副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least
（三）开放类副词
开放类副词即以后缀
-ly
结尾的副词不能像形 容词那样加
-er
或
-est
，而应在副词原形前
加
mor e
或
most
。如：
quickly →more quickly →most quickly
quietly →more quietly →most quietly
四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
（一）比较级
1
．比较级通常由
“
形容词
(
副词
)
比较级
+than+…” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方
“
更
加
……”
。连词
than
后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动
词不定式、
-ing
结构和
-ed
结构，有时也可省去
than
。如：
eg: Mary is
happier than
Jane.
（形容词和系词连用）
玛丽比珍妮幸福。
eg: He lives more happily than I.
（副词修饰行为动词）
他过得比我幸福。
2
．注意
than
前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：
eg: The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.
eg: Sound travels
faster through water than through air.
3
．
比较级前还可用
much, even, still, a little
等词语来 修饰，表示
“……
得多
”
，
“
甚至
……”
，
“
更
……”
，
“……
一些
”
等意思。如：
eg: Japan is a little larger than Germany.
日本比德国大一点儿。
用
“…times +
形容词的比较级
+ than…”
句式表示倍数；用
“
表示数量的词
+
比较级
”
来表示具体的比较差别。如：
eg: Our room is twice larger than theirs.
我们的房间比他们的大两倍。
eg: He is a head taller than I.
他比我高一头。
4
．隐含比较级
1
）有时比较级并不一定出现
than< br>，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：
eg: Are you feeling better now?
你现在感觉好些了吗？
2
）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟
“to”
而不用
“than”
。如：
prior to
较早的，较重要的
superior to
优越，高于
inferior to
下等的，次的
senior to
年长的，地位高的
junior to
年幼的，地位低的，迟的
preferable to
更好的
eg: The task is prior to all others.
这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
eg: In maths he felt superior to John.
他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
eg: He is two years senior to me.
他比我大两岁。
eg: Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.
贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。
（二）最高级
1
．
最高级用于三者以上比较，
形容词的结 构形式是
“
定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范
围的短语或从句
” (
如
of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place
等
)
。如：
eg: Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.
2．副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词
the
。如：
eg: He runs fastest of the three.
三个人中他跑得最快。
3
．当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作 介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属
同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词
of
；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在
某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词
in
。如：
eg: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He
与
boy
属同类
)
eg: He is the tallest in our class. ( He
与
class
不属同类
)
4
．可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如：
eg: She is the best student in her class.
eg: She is better than any other student in her class.
eg: No other student in her class is better than she.
eg: No other student in her class is as good as she.
五、课后练习题
（一）用适当形式填空
1. Bob is _________ (young) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Ying Tian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yong Xian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than
before the holidays,
is _________
(heavy),a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres
________
(tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________
(tall). She is much _______ (short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the
_________ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________
(expensive)
than a story-book.
10.
An
orange
is
a
little
______
(big)
than
an
apple,
but
much
________
(small)
than
a
watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.
13. My room is not as
_________
(big) as my brother' s.