够了没有-雨季三防

2021年1月18日发(作者：骆是愚)
Passage 1 (35)

Dell
’
s Story
What I saw was a great opportunity to provide computing technology in a more efficient way.
That was the core idea of what became Dell Computer Corporation and that
’
s one we were stuck
over ever since.
I
started
the
business
with
a
simple
question:
how
can
we
make
the
process
of
buying
a
computer better? The answer was: sell the computer directly to the end customers.

It hadn
’
t occurred to me that others hadn
’
t figured it out. I thought it was pretty obvious. I
am
sure
if
I
had
taken
the
time
to
ask,
plenty
of
people
would
have
told
me
that
my
idea
wouldn
’
t work
—

I have heard that a lot in the fifteen years since starting the business.
On January 2, 1984, I went back to Austin earlier than I would have to attend classes, and I
did all the things you need to do to set up a business. I registered the company with the State of
Texas as
“
PC
’
s Limited
”
. I placed ads in the classified section in our local newspaper. Through
my previous contract with customers and the small ads I placed in the paper, I was already getting
a
lot
of
business.
I
was
selling
between
$$50,000
to
$$80,000
upgraded
PCs,
upgrade
kits,
and
add
-
on computer components to people in Austin area. Not long after starting the classes I was
able
to
move
from
a
stuffy
room
that
I
shared
with
a
roommate
to
a
condominium
with
high
ceilings and two bedrooms.

In early May, I incorporated the company as
“
Dell Computer Corporation
”
, doing business
as
“
PC
’
s Limited
”
. We moved the business from my condo to a 1000
-
square
-
foot office space
in a small business center in North Austin. I hired a few people to take orders over telephone and a
few
more
to
fulfill
them.
Manufacturing
consisted
of
three
guys
with
screwdrivers
sitting
at
six
-
foot tables upgrading machines.

Passage 2(34)

Dad Sure Could Play That Mandolin
My
father
was
a
self
-
taught
mandolin
player.
He
was
one
of
the
best
string
instrument
players in our town. He could not read music, but if he heard a tune a few times, he could play it.
When he was younger, he was a member of a small country music band. They could play at local
dances and on a few occasions would play for the local radio station.
Occasionally,
Dad
would
get
out
his
mandolin
and
play
for
the
family.
“Davey,
Davey
Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier” accompanied
the Walt Disney Series, was a favorite song for
the family. He knew we enjoyed the song and the program and would often get out the mandolin
after the program was over. I could never get over how he could play the songs so well after only
hearing them a few times. I loved to sing, but I never learned how to play the mandolin. This is
something I regret to this day.
Dad loved to play the mandolin for his family. He knew we enjoyed singing and hearing him
play. He was like that. If he could give pleasure to others, he would, especially his family. He was
always there, sacrificing his time and efforts to see that his family had enough in their life. I had to
mature into a man and have children of my own before I realized how much he had sacrificed.
Nobody
played
the
mandolin
like
my
father.
He
could touch
your
soul
with
the
tones
that
came out of that old mandolin. He seemed to shine when he was playing. You could see his pride
in his ability to play so well for his family.

Passage 3(39)

An Unusual Architect
—
Leoh Ming Pei

Leoh Ming Pei, the 1983 Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, is a founding partner of
I.
M.
Pei
&
Partners
based
in
New
York
City.
He
was
born
in
China
in
1917,
the
son
of
a
prominent banker. He came to the United States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (B. Arch. 1940) and the Harvard Graduate School of Design (M. Arch.
1946).

During World War
Ⅱ
, he served on the National Defense Research Commission at Princeton,
and
from
1945
to
1948,
he
taught
at
Harvard.
In
1948
he
accepted
the
newly
created
post
of
director
of
Architecture
at
Webb
&
Knapp,
Inc.,
the
real
estate
development
firm,
and
this
association
resulted
in
major
architectural
and
planning
projects
in
Chicago,
Philadelphia,
Washington,
Pittsburgh
and
other
cities.
In
1958,
he
formed
the
partnership
of
I.
M.
Pei
&
Associates,
which
became
I.
M.
Pei
&
Parteners
in
1966.
The
partnership
received
the
1968
Architectural
Firm
Award
of
The
American
Institute
of
Architects.
In
1982,
the
deans
of
the
architectural
schools
of
the
United
Sates
chose
I.
M.
Pei
as
the
best
designer
of
significant
non
-
residential structures.
Pei has designed over forty projects in this country and abroad, twenty of which have been
award
winners.
He
has
designed
arts
facilities
and
university
buildings
on
the
campuses
of
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology,
University
of
Rochester,
Cornell
University,
the
Choate
School,
Syracuse
University,
New
York
University
and
University
of
Hawaii.
He
has
been
selected to design the headquarters for the Bank of China in Hong Kong.
Pei is currently a member of the National Council on the Arts, and previously served on the
National
Council
on
the
Humanities.
On
this
vivid
planet,
it
appears
colorful
with
azure
blue
seawater,
lush
green
plants
and
many
world
famous
buildings.
Among
these
largest
artificial
articles in the world, many originated from the same architect
—
that is Leoh Ming Pei.

Passage 4(38)

The Cobbler and the Banker
A
cobbler
passed
his
time
in
singing
from
morning
till
night;
it
was
wonderful
to
see,
wonderful to hear him; he was more contented in making shoes, than was any of the seven sages.
His neighbor, on the contrary, who was rolling in wealth, sung but little, and slept less. He was a
banker; when by chance he fell into a doze at day
-
break, the cobbler awoke him with his song.
Having at length sent for the songster, he said to him,
“
How much a year do you earn, Master
Gregory?
”

“
I never reckon in that way, living as I do from one day to another; somehow I manage to
reach the end of the year; each day brings its meal. But the worst of it is, a number of days occur
in the year on which we are forbidden to work; without that our earnings would be very tolerable,
and the curate, moreover, is constantly adding some
new saint to the list.” said the merry cobbler.

The banker, laughing at his simplicity, said, “In the future I shall place you above want. Take
this hundred crowns, preserve them carefully, and make use of them in time of need.”

The cobbler fancied he beheld all the wealth which the earth had produced in the past century
for the use of mankind. Returning home, he buried his money and his happiness at the same time.
No more singing. He lost his voice, the moment he acquired that which is the source of so much
grief. Sleep quitted his dwelling, and cares, suspicions, and false alarms took its place. All day, his
eye wandered in the direction of the treasure, and at night, if some stray cat made a noise, the cat
was robbing him. At length the poor man ran to th
e house of his rich neighbor; “Give me back,”
said he, “sleep and my voice, and take your one hundred crowns.”


Passage 5(41)

18
-
year
-
old Mayor
America
’
s youngest mayor
，
Michael Sessions
，
is just an 18
-
year
-
old high school student
who lives with his
mother.
Michael Sessions is too
young to drink champagne legally
，
but the
18
-
year
-
old high school senior has reason to celebrate. He unofficially won a race for mayor.

By 670 votes to 668, Sessions beat the sitting mayor, who is 51, and had all the advantages of
incumbency. He was too young to stand by the spring deadline for registration. So after he turned
18, he entered as a write
-
in candidate
—

meaning voters had to remember his name and add it to
the ballot by hand in order to support him.

Once his victory is certified and he
’
s sworn in the ceremony which is set for Nov. 21, 2005
—

he may be the youngest mayor in the USA. The U.S. Conference of Mayors lacks the data to
determine whether he
’
ll be the youngest mayor ever. At least two other teens have been elected
as mayors in recent years, but they were a tad older and represented much smaller towns.
Sessions
plans
to
devote
after
-
school
hours
to
the
job
and
use
his
bedroom
as
his
office
because
other
than
a
$$250
per
month
salary,
he
receives
no
other
compensation.
The
mayor
doesn
’
t even have an office at city hall.
He says many voters told him they wanted
“
new energy
”
, but he was still caught off
-
guard
by the support he received.

Passage 6(40)

Marriage of Henry
Ⅷ

When Henry
became
King
of
England
he
married
Catherine
，
the
daughter
of
the King
of
Spain and widow of his elder brother
．
The Pope had given special permission for him to marry his
brother
’
s widow
，
as this was against the laws of the church
．
She gave Henry a daughter
，
Mary
，
but all her sons died at birth
，
and Henry badly needed a son to follow him
．
He began to feel that
God had not approved of his marriage and Pope had been wrong to allow it
．

There was one possible remedy
．
The Pope must declare that the marriage had been allowed
by mistake and was unlawful
；
Henry would then be free to marry again
．
The Pope could easily
have agreed
，
as he had done for two recent Kings of France in similar cases
．
But emperor Charles
V was Catherine
’
s nephew
，
and his army had seized Rome
．
The Pope was in his power and did
not dare to annoy him by helping Henry.
Henry
’
s
trouble
over
his
marriage
made
him
realize
something
that
most
English
people
had known for years: that foreign interference in English affairs had gone on too long and must be
stopped for ever
．
The parliament of 1529 felt this most strongly
．
In seven years it destroyed the
feudal
power
of
the
church
completely.
The
Church
Council
accepted
Henry
as
its
head
．
Archbishop Cranmer declared that his marriage to Catherine was unlawful and accepted his
new wife
，
Ann Boleyn
，
as Queen
．


Passage 7(51)

American Black Bears
American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of
their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even
yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter,
both brown and black furred bears may be born.

Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet,
weighing
from
three
hundred
to
five
hundred
pounds.
Their
eyes
and
ears
are
small
and
their
eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.
Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous, but if attacked, most can
climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, it is a formidable enemy.

Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, roots, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals.
One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep.
Unlike squirrels and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate. Although the
bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains
almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.
Most
black
bears
live
alone,
except
during
mating
season.
They
prefer
to
live
in
caves,
hollow logs, or dense thickets. A little of one to four cubs is born in January or February, and they
remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears
can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in game preserves set aside for them.

Passage 8(44)

Swimming with Dolphins Can Beat Depression
Swimming with dolphins can be good for your health, according to a new research. The study
found that swimming with the creatures led to falling levels of depressive symptoms in patients.
The findings show human health and well
-
being are dependent on relationships with the natural
environment.
The research, partly carried out by Leicester University Medical School in Honduras, appears
in
a
special
human
and
animal
health
issue,
highlighting
the
impact
nature
has
on
people
’
s
well
-
being.
30
patients
diagnosed
with
mild
or
moderate
depression
took
part
in
the
study.
All
patients stopped antidepressant treatment or psychotherapy at least four weeks before taking part
in the study, with depression scores measured at the start and end of treatment. For two weeks half
of the group swam and snorkeled with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the control
group carried out the same type of water activities, but with the absence of dolphins to control for
the influence of water and natural setting.
The researchers found that the average severity of the depressive symptoms reduced more in
the
dolphin
group
than
in
the
water
therapy
group.
They
said
that
the
overall
reduction
in
symptoms of anxiety in both groups may be explained by the therapeutic property of water. But
the effects exerted by the dolphins were significantly greater than those just in the natural setting
of
water.
One
reason
for
it
could
be
the
emotions
raised
by
the
interaction
with
the
dolphins,
according to the researchers.

Passage 9(47)

Pregnant Women Can Safely Drink Coffee
Previous studies suggested caffeine might harm unborn babies as it stays in the system longer
in
pregnant
women,
passing
easily
to
a
growing baby.
Health
officials
have
warned
that
a high
caffeine intake could affect birth weight or the chance of having a miscarriage. But a new study
suggests
that
pregnant
women
can
safely
drink
coffee
as
caffeine
does
not
affect
their
unborn
baby.


The
study
recruited
more
than
1,000
women
before
they
were
20
weeks
’

pregnant,
who
drank at least three cups of coffee a day. The group was split into two, with 568 women drinking
ordinary
instant
coffee
and
629
drinking
decaffeinated.
The
authors
then
monitored
the
birth
weight
of
1,150
newborn
babies
and
the
length
of
pregnancy
for
the
babies.
They
found
no
significant differences between the two groups for birth weight or length of pregnancy.

In
the
study,
the
women
were
not
told
what
type
of
coffee
they
were
drinking,
and
the
research
was
adjusted
to
take
into
account
factors
such
as
age,
weight
and
whether
the
women
smoked. When the adjustments were made, the average weight of babies born to women in the
decaffeinated group was a mere 16g higher than those born to women in the caffeinated group.
The average difference in the length of pregnancy was less than two days.
A spokesman for the British Coffee Association said: “This new study is very interesting and
supports the consistent advice given that pregnant women should stick to a safe upper limit
—
in
line with guidance issued by the Food Standards Agency. This equates to three cups of brewed, or
four cups of instant coffee.

Passage 10(48)

Monarch Butterflies
A severe winter storm in central Mexico killed hundreds of millions of monarch butterflies. It
is the largest number of monarch butterflies killed at one time. However, scientists say the loss is
not expected to threaten the species.
Researchers
say
the
butterflies
froze
to
death
after
heavy
rain
fell,
followed
by
freezing
temperatures.
Monarch
butterflies
can
easily
freeze
to
death
if
they
become
wet
and
the
temperature drops to freezing.
During the year, monarch butterflies fly long distances, or migrate. They are one of the few
kinds of insects to migrate.

The monarchs spend the winter in Mexico. Each spring, the butterflies fly north after they
mate. The females stop to lay their eggs in the southern United States. The adults die soon after.
The monarchs that develop from those eggs continue the flight. They return to the same areas in
North America where their parents lived.

By
summer,
the
butterflies
can
reach
as
far
north
as
Canada.
During
the
autumn,
the
monarchs return to the same forests in the mountains of Mexico.

Some scientists have suggested that the loss of forests in the mountains of Mexico led to the
die
-
off of monarchs. They say the remaining forests may no longer provide enough protection to
keep the butterflies warm and dry. Every winter, millions of monarchs die in the high mountain
forests.
However,
scientists
note
that
the
species
is
not
in
danger
of
disappearing.
That
is
because
there
are
other,
smaller
populations
of
monarchs
in
the
United
States
that
did
not
migrate
to
Mexico. Scientists say they will know after more study if the monarch populations in Mexico will
be able to recover from the die
-
off.

Passage 11(49)

Passengers in Vehicles Can Inhale More Pollution Than Pedestrians
Passengers in taxis, buses, and cars all inhale substantially more pollution than cyclists and
pedestrians, a new study shows.
Researchers measured levels of ultrafine, traffic

produced pollution particles on busy London
streets
using
a
newly
developed
particle
counter
fitted
with
a
video
recorder.
The
equipment
allowed them to match particle levels with each of the five modes of transport. They also could
identify
what activities and behaviors led to the highest exposures. On average, taxi passengers
were exposed to more than 100,000 ultrafine particle counts per cubic centimeter. Bus travelers
were exposed to just under 100,000 and people in cars about 40,000. Pedestrians and bicyclists,
meanwhile, were exposed to counts of just 5,000 and 8,000 respectively. Ultrafine particles are so
small that large amounts can be inhaled in a single breath, after which they can settle in the lungs
and damage cells.

The
researchers
found
the
trends
such
as
pedestrians
having
the
lowest
exposures
and
the
in
-
vehicle exposures being much higher to be common across different countries. However, the
concentrations
do
vary
due
to
different
local
conditions,
such
as
traffic,
meteorology,
building
layout and configuration.
People
sitting
in
a
vehicle
in
the
middle
of
heavy
traffic
are
directly
in
the
path
of
the
pollutant source
—

other vehicle
’
s mufflers. Pollution in cars is less than in other vehicles most
likely because cars generally spend less time in traffic than taxis and buses. Also, private cars tend
to be cleaner to begin with.
The researchers also suggest the best place to walk in a busy city is the one where is closer to
the buildings, where you
’
ll be exposed to approximately 10 percent less pollution than curbside.

Passage 12 (42)

Birds Can Distinguish Languages
A team of Japanese researchers recently found that pet birds not only can imitate sounds, but
can
distinguish
between
languages,
potentially
offering
new
clues
on
how
the
brain
recognizes
speech.
The researchers did not use Japanese because it was the language the birds normally listen to.
Instead,
they
exposed Java Sparrows
to English
and Chinese
translations
recorded
by
exchange
students of two well
-
known Japanese novels,
“
The Tale of Genji
”

and “I Am a Cat”. A bird
sitting on a perch first listened to the English version and was only allowed to eat afterwards. Then
the researchers played English and Chinese recordings at random and only allowed the bird to eat
after hopping onto the perch with the English. The bird correctly identified the English recording
75 percent of the time. The same results were achieved with another two birds that were permitted
to eat only when Chinese was played.


It
has
already
been
confirmed
that
monkeys,
mice
and
other
mammals
can
recognize
different languages but this is the first time that birds have been found to possess the ability.

An
experimental
psychology
professor
who
led
the
research
said
that
humans
are
able
to
distinguish
between
languages,
even
ones
they
don
’
t
know,
from
the
intonation
and
pronunciation, and it seems that paddy birds have the same ability.

He added that if the common
traits in brain structure are studied, it may shed light on the mechanisms of speech recognition.

Passage 13(53)

Animals
’
Compasses
Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them
navigate. Some steer by the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as
their guide during the day and then switch to star navigation by night. One study shows that the
homing
pigeon
uses
the
Earth
’
s
magnetic
fields
as
a
guide
in
finding
home
and
many
other
animals can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a migrating bird
to be able to switch to a magnetic compass when clouds cover the Sun; otherwise it would just
have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again.
Even with the Sun or stars to steer by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than
they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar
and pollen flies rapidly home to
the hive
to report. The bee scout delivers her report through a
complicated dance in the hive, in which she tells the other workers not only how far away the food
is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the Sun. But the Sun does not stay in one place all
day. As the workers start out to gather the food, the Sun may already have changed its position. In
later
trips,
the
Sun
will
seem
to
move
farther
and
farther
toward
the
west. Yet
the worker
bees
seem to have no trouble in finding the food source. Their inner clocks tell them just where the Sun
will be and they change their course correspondingly.

Passage 14(54)

Study: Vegetables May Keep Brains Young
New research on vegetables and aging gives mothers another reason to say “I told you so”. It
found
that
eating
vegetables
appears
to
help
keep
the
brain
young
and
may
slow
the
mental
decline.
On measures of mental sharpness, older people who ate more than two servings of vegetables
daily appeared about five years younger than those who ate few or no vegetables at the end of the
six
-
year study.
The research in almost 2,000 Chicago

area men and women doesn
’
t prove that vegetables
reduce mental decline, but it adds to mounting evidence pointing in that direction. The findings
also echo previous research in women only.
Green leafy vegetables appeared to be the most beneficial. The researchers said that may be
because
they
contain
healthy
amounts
of
vitamin
E,
which
is
believed
to
help
fight
chemicals
produced by the body that can damage cells.
“
Vegetables generally contain more
vitamin E than fruits. Vegetables also are often eaten
with
healthy
fats
such
as
salad
oils,
which
help
the
body
absorb
vitamin
E,
”

said
lead
author
Martha Clare Morris, a researcher at Chicago
’
s Rush University Medical Center.
The study was published in this week
’
s issue of the journal Neurology.
The research involved 1,946 people aged 65 and older who filled out questionnaires about
their eating habits. They also had mental function tests three times over about six years.
The
tests
included
measures
of
short
-
term
and
delayed
memory,
which
asked
these
older
people to recall elements of a story that had just been read to them. The
participants also were
asked to recognize symbols and numbers on different cards.

Passage 15(55)

Most U.S. High School Dropouts Regretful
Most students who drop out of high school in the United States admit they made a mistake by
quitting
and
some
say
they
might
have
stayed
if
classes
were
more
challenging,
according
to a
report released on Thursday.

Three out of four of the dropouts said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to
stay, and eight out of 10 said they now recognized that a high
school diploma was important to
succeed in life. Statistics show they are right. A high school dropout on average earns $$9,200 less
a
year
than
a
high
school
graduate,
and
about
$$1
million
less
over
a
lifetime
than
a
college
graduate.

John
Brodgeland,
one
of
the
report
’
s
authors,
pointed
out
that
these
kids
wanted
to
be
doctors
and
nurses
and
engineers
and
astronauts
and
then
they
hit
the
schoolhouse
door
and
they
’
re confronted with an environment which is not inspiring, not engaging and often disorderly
and
unsafe.
Some
had
high
grades
and
were
just
bored
out
of
their
minds.
They
found
no
connection between the classroom and life and their career aspirations.
In order to reduce the number of dropouts, John Brodgeland recommends federal, state and
local efforts to offer students school options, engage parents and create early
-
warning systems for
at
-
risk youths. He also calls for more accurate tracking of dropouts and consideration of raising
the legal dropout age to 18.

Passage 16(56)

International Business and Cross
-
cultural Communication
The
increase
in
international
business
and
in
foreign
investment
has
created
a
need
for
executives
with
knowledge
of
foreign
languages
and
skills
in
cross
-
cultural
communication.
Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed
the
same
level
of
success
in
negotiation
in
an
international
arena
as
have
their
foreign
counterparts.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and
impersonal.
It
often
appears
to
the
foreign
negotiator
that
the
American
represents
a
large
multi
-
million
-
dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The
American negotiator
’
s role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve
to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator
’
s position. Two traits
in particular cause cross
-
cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of
the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short
-
term
goals.
Foreign
negotiators,
on
the
other
hand,
may
value
the
relationship
established
between
negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long
-
term benefits. In order to solidify the
relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting
to know the other negotiator.
Clearly,
perceptions
and
differences
in
values
affect
the
outcomes
of
negotiations
and
the
success
of
negotiators.
For
Americans
to
play
a
more
effective
role
in
international
business
negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross
-
cultural understanding.

Passage 17(57)

The IIT
-
Mumbai Barred the Internet Access in Its Hostels
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of seven

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防

够了没有-雨季三防