激烈的-家务机器人

2021年1月18日发(作者：柏谦)


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


Empathy (
同理心
)is one of those strange qualities
—
something almost everyone wants, but few
know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short
supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means
to have empathy for those around them.

What Is Empathy?
—
Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct
values.
Empathy
is
not
just
the
ability
to
understand
someone's
feelings;
criminals
often
take
advantage
of
people
by
appearing
to
understand
their
feelings
and
subsequently
gaining
their
trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it
also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness,
dignity, and understanding.

Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy
—
While some children are gifted with naturally kind
hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins
with
the
way
parents
relate
to
their
children.
Parents
who
show
an
interest
in
the
things
that
matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of
empathy.

Meet Emotional Needs
—
When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen.
They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are
receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first
they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup.

It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give
their
emotions
names
(for
example,
jealousy,
anger,
and
love)
and
teach
them
that
these
are
normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations
where
other
people
are experiencing
emotions.
Teach
them
about
respecting
the
emotions
of
others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required.

（
1
）
Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?

A. Because people tend to center themselves. B. Because everyone lacks empathy.

C. Because empathy is a strange quality. D. Because it's better to give than to receive.

（
2
）
Which situation can empathy be used in?

a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.

a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.

a criminal is cheating a victim.

a dancer is dancing to music.

（
3
）
What does the underlined sentence

empty jug is too small to hold a cup.

's a must to talk to kids about emotions.

should set an example to kids.

give empathy with their emotional needs met first.

（
4
）
What is the main topic of the passage?

to train kids to have empathy.

to distinguish sympathy and empathy.

to help kids finish empathy- related tasks.

r kids can be trained to be more empathetic.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在一个强调自我满足的世界里，我们更有理由 教导
下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。同时说明了同理心的含义，以及如何培养孩
子 的同理心。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
”In a world where self
-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in
short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it
means
to
have
empathy
for
those
around
them.“
在一个强调自我满足的世界里，它 供不应
求。因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。可知，下一代
人被教导要有同理心，因为人们往往以自己为中心。故选
A
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
”While
some
children
are
gifted
with
naturally
kind
hearts, in most cases kids need to see em
pathy modeled by the adults around them.“
虽然有些孩
子天生就有一颗善良的心，但在大多数情况下，孩子们 需要看到他们周围成年人的同情
心。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的
”Meet
Emotional
Needs—
When
children
have
their
emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others
and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to
others when the need arises but first they need to receive.“满足情感需求
——
当孩子们的情感
需求得到满足时，会发生两件事。他们学习如何 满足他人的情感需求，他们被锚定在他们
所接受的东西上，这意味着当需求出现时，他们有足够的安全感 去给予他人，但首先他们
需要接受。可知，要想孩子们有同理心，必须首先满足他们自己的情感需求。故 选
D
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
”This is all the more reason to teach the next generation
what it means to have empathy for those around them.“

因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对
周围的人抱有同理心意味着什 么。以及文章主要内容为如何教导孩子拥有同理心客栈，故
选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇教育 类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归 纳，从而选出正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解


A video of a three-year-old girl being kicked by her own mother during a photo shot went viral
(
疯狂传播
) on Thursday, indicating China's under per forma nee in regulating the emerging child
modeling industry.

The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos. The videos
have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike. Many netizens and scholars call for local
authorities to carry out further investigations into possible child abuse.

In response to the public outcry (
强烈抗议
), Niu Niu's mother issued an apology via Sina Wei
bo on Thursday, condemning accusations of abuse. She noted that she was merely guiding her
daughter for better shots and the girl is well looked after.


Despite
her
apology,
many
E-shops
which
used
Niu
Niu's
images
for
brand
promotion
have
canceled their cooperation with the mother, while over 110 well-known child garment shops on
Taobao have signed up for a campaign to provide better protection for child models.



is
necessary
to
adopt
comprehensive
laws
and
regulations
to
further
protect
the
kids,
preventing their parents and companies from exploiting (
利用
) them,
child protection expert, said.

Niu Niu is not alone. In Zhili, a small
town in Zhejiang province, thousands of children from
across China are taken here by their parents to seize the chance of fame. With a population of
450,000. Zhili has over 13,000 manufacturers of child clothing. In 2017, the town earned over 7
billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.



current
advertisement
law
isn't
workable
when
it
comes
to
the
industry
of
child
modeling, as it lacks clear supervision measures and clear legal punishment.
important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling.

（
1
）
What caused the public outcry?

A. Videos showing how child models work.

B. Problems in Chinese advertising industry.

C. Several cases of child abuse in recent China.

D. A girl being physically abused by her mother.

（
2
）
What happened after the public outcry?

A. Taobao canceled the account of Niu Niu.

B. The local police charged Niu Niu's mother.

C. Niu Niu's mother admitted abusing her daughter.

D. Shops stopped their cooperation with the mother.

（
3
）
What provided chances for Chinese child models?

A. The appearance of online shopping. B. The huge online sales of child clothing.

C. The fast development of manufacturing. D. The change of parents' ideas about success.

（
4
）
Which opinion may Fang Zhiqing agree with?

A. China should regulate child modeling.

B. There are too many child models in China.

C. New economic laws should be issued in Chinch.

D. China s current advertisement law isn't workable.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个叫妞妞的儿童模特遭到了母亲的 身体
虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议以及人们对儿童模特行业的思考。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“The
girl,
known
as
Niu
Niu,
was
physically
abused
by
her moth
er in several videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike.”
可
知，视频中，一个叫 妞妞的女孩遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议，故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“Despite
her
apology,
many
E
-shops
which
used
Niu
Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperati
on with the mother,”
可知，在公
众的强烈抗议之后，很多网店停止了与妞妞母亲的合作， 故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“In
2017,
the
town
earned
over
7
billion
yuan
by
selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.”
可知，
2017
年，这个浙江的小镇通过在网 上销售童装赚了
70
多亿元，这为儿童模特提供了机会，可
知，童装在网上的巨大销量 为中国的儿童模特提供了机会，故选
B
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“It
is
important
to
issue
new
laws
which
regulate
child modeling.”
可推断 ，方志清会同意中国应颁布新的法律来规范儿童模特行业，故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要
准确捕捉细 节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解


The Outdoor City Adventure Book Festival

For one week in July, Sheffield Central Library becomes the center of adventure in the Outdoor
City. Check out some of the events. Most of them are free but early booking is recommended.

July 10

Bee Quest - A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive (
难以捕捉的
) Bees Central library Carpenter
Room, 7:00-8:30pm.


A
hunt
for
the
world's
most
elusive
bees
leads
Professor
Dave
Goulson
from
Poland
to
Patagonia, deep into the Ecuadorian Jungle. He also explores closer to home.

Among secret places hidden right under our noses and through his scientific expertise (
专业知
识
), shows us that beauty hides in the most surprising places.

July 11

Clarion Call: A Heartfelt Tribute to Sheffield's Access Pioneers

Central library Carpenter Room, 10:30-11:30am.

Well-known walker, activist and campaigner, Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and
shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in the first fights for our right to freely walk on the
Peak District moors (
旷野
). The Clarion Ramblers is thought to be the first working class walking
club. This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today.

July 12

The Wainwrights in Color Central Library Carpenter Room, 1:30-2:30pm.

Inspired by the work of the great Alfred Wainwright, over 10 years Andy Beck has reproduced
in
watercolor
all
1, 500
pictures
drawn
in
A
Pictorial
Guide
to
the
Lakeland
Fells.
Andy
speaks
about how the scenes in the Lake District have changed during the last 50 years.

July 13

Craft (
制作
) Your Own Adventure Journal-A Workshop Central Library Reading Room, 2:00-3:00
pm,
￡
5.

Learn paper craft techniques to make your own beautiful travel journal. Get advice from our
expert tutor on using old photos adventures and holidays.

Collecting stories and memories from your.

（
1
）
Which event should you choose if you're interested in bees?

A. Bee Quest. B. Clarion Call.

C. The Wainwrights in Color. D. Craft Your Own Adventure Journal.

（
2
）
What day is the right time to share the story of Sheffielders?

A. July 10. B. July 11. C. July 12. D. July 13.

（
3
）
What is special about Craft Your Own Adventure Journal?

A. It lasts the longest.
B. It needs reservation.

C. It calls for admission charges.
D. It offers the most interesting stories.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个户外城市探险书展。在七月的一个 星期
里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。这些事件，大部分都是免费的，但建
议 大家要提前预订。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
July 10
部分中

的
”Bee Quest
- A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive
(
难以捕捉的
)
Bees
Central
library
Carpenter
Room“,
可知，
Bee
Quest
中可寻找世界上最难以
捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到
Bee Quest
，故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
July
11
部分中的
”Central
library
Carpenter
Room,...
This
is
the
story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today
可知，在
7
月
11
日的
Clarion Call
是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
July
13
部分中的个

(
制作
)
Your
Own
Adventure
Journal-A
Workshop
Central
Library
Reading
Room,
2:00-3:00pm,
￡
5.
可知，在这个活动中，要收取费
用
5
英镑。而上文其他的活动中都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他不同之处，故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生 需要准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解


In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount
Everest (
珠穆朗玛
).
It was
thought
impossible.
Now researchers
who raised 19
of
the
geese
—
named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads
—
have shown the birds really fly so high.


The
team
trained
the
youngsters
to
fly
in
a
large
wind
tunnel
wearing
backpacks
and
face
masks
full
of
sensors
that
recorded
their
heart
rate.
blood
oxygen
levels,
temperature,
and
metabolic rate
—
how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(
模拟
)10w-,
medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face
masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.

Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And
researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe
more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.

The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-
like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level
—
the geese's heart rate and
frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the
birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could
take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in
eLife
. This cooling likely helps compensate
for the very thin air, the team says.

Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when
wearing
their
backpacks
and
flying
at
6ihigh
altitudes.
So
it's
not
clear
whether
these
adaptations
alone
are
what
make
it
possible
to
fly
the
8
hours
it
takes
to
climb
over
Mount
Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.

（
1
）
Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?

A. To test the flying height and speed of them.

B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.

C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.

D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.

（
2
）
What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?

A. It was carried out at very high altitude.

B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.

C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.

D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.

（
3
）
What still puzzles scientists about the geese?

A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.

B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.

C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.

D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.

（
4
）
Where does the text most probably come from?

A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛 峰的
顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了
18
只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞 行。结果
发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的

1953,
a
mountain
climber
reported
seeing
a
bar-
headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible.
报道 说，一名登
山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及

rai sed 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the
birds really fly so high.
现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。 再根据
最后一段中的

the
8
hours
it
takes
to
climb
over
Mount
Everest.
But
those
few
minutes
showed
these
geese
really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.
但是否能让这种鹅飞
8
小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚
不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能 飞过珠峰。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的

wind
tunnel
experiments
showed
that
when
the
concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same
even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely
helps
comp
可知

风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率 保持不变，
即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，
...这种降温可能
有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的

in the air a few minutes-or less ...
尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。 这两
处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选
C
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的

what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.
可知，目前尚不
清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行< br>8
小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选
D
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶
峰。为了证 实是否可能，研究人员养了
18
只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果
发现这 种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。由此可知本文 属于科普文章。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的 考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进
行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解


People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different
ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the
same thing.

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want
to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the
language.

Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words
in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to
the dictionary. One was

Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an
editor
at
OED,
said
the
response
has
been
great.
Editors
are
listing
a
bunch
of
suggestions
to
include in the dictionary.

These include Hawaii's
for a swimming costume,

The OED also might include the word
downpour of rain. Another possibility is
New York City.


The
dictionary
has
already
found
that,
depending
on
location,
a
picture
hanging
off
center
might be described as


and
regional
language.
Maier
also
said
that
it
can
be
difficult
for
the
OED's
editors
to
identify
regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.


The
appeal
is
called
Words
Where
You
Are.
It
is
looking
for
more
suggestions.

were
surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include,

（
1
）
Which
local
word
of
the
following
most
likely
comes
from
one
region
of
the
United
Kingdom?

A. Hammajang.
B. Dookers.
C. Catawampous.
D. Frog- drowner.

（
2
）
What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words.

B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words.

C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form.

D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.

（
3
）
Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A. It's time to track where the local words come from.

B. The same English words can be used to say different things.

C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.

D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.

（
4
）
Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from?

ainment.

.

e.

.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语
言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在 它的字典之内。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的
“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’
or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers
或duckers
这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰
地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国 的一部分，可知，
Dookers
这个词最可能来自于英国
的一个地区。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的
“Maier
also
said
that
it
can
be
difficult
for
the
OED's
editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written
down”Maier< br>说
识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而
没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的
“The
appeal
is
called
Words
Where
You
Are.
It
is
looking for more suggestions.”
和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的< br>意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选
D
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化
中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选
C
。< br>

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化 类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理， 概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


6
．
阅读理解



People
who
sleep
fewer
than
six
hours
a
night
are
more
likely
to
die
early,
researchers
in
University of Warwick have found in a recent study. They discovered that people who slept for
less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who
slept the recommended six to eight hours a night.


The
researchers
pointed
out
that
previous
studies
had
shown
that
the
lack
of
sleep
was
associated with problems like heart disease and high blood pressure. However, the researchers
also found that sleeping too much was linked to an early death. Those who slept for more than
nine hours a night were 30% more likely to die early, as an article in the latest Sleep suggested.
That directly contradicts another passage in the same journal last month suggesting that people
who slept for ten hours or longer a night were more likely to live to 100. This was thought to be
because people who lived into extreme old age were healthier and therefore slept better.

However, the authors of the latest research contradicted this and suggested that long sleep was
a
sign
of
underlying
illnesses
such
as
depression
and
low
levels
of
physical
activity.
Professor
Francesco Cappuccio at the University of Warwick said:
of ill-health, long sleep is believed to represent more an indicator of ill-health.

He also mentioned:
sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers, suggesting that it
may be due to social pressures for longer working hours. On the other hand, the worsening of our
health is often accompanied by an extension of our sleeping time.


to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of
public
health
aimed
at
favourable
changes
of
the
working
environments,
Professor
Francesco
Cappuccio added.

（
1
）
What did researchers in University of Warwick find?

A. People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night die before 65.

B. Sleeping for more than 9 hours a night does good to one's health.

C. Six to eight hours' sleep can be appropriate for people.

D. People at an old age are healthier because they sleep longer.

（
2
）
What is Professor Francesco Cappuccio most likely to agree with?

A. Long sleep is what causes our health problems.

B. Modern people sleep less because they work longer.

C. Our health becomes worse because we sleep less.

D. How long we sleep depends on our education.

（
3
）
What did the researcher think may help people have proper sleep?

A. Social pressure. B. Longer working hours.

C. Extension of sleeping time.
D. Changes of working environments.

（
4
）
What can be the best title for this passage?

A. How Long Should We Sleep B. Longer Sleep Makes Better Health

C. Time to Sleep Early
D. The Importance of Sleep

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，每晚睡眠不足
6
小时的人死亡风险更
大。每晚睡
6
至
8
小时最合适。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的

hours
each
night
were
12%
more
likely
to
die
before
the
age
of
65
than
those
who
slept
the
recommended
six
to
eight
hours
a
night.
可知，研究者们发现， 每晚睡眠不足
6
小时的人在
65
岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足
6
至
8
小时的人高出
12%
。由此可知，每晚睡足
6
至
8
小时是比较合适的。故选
C
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的

society
has
seen
a
gradual
reduction
in
the
average
amount
of
sleep
people
take,
and
this
pattern
is
more
common
among
full-time
workers,
suggesting
that
it
may
be
due
to
social
pressures
for
longer
working
hours
可知，
Professor
Francesco
Ca ppuccio
认为：现代社会中，人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模
式在全职工作者中更 为常见，这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的

sleeping
six
to
eight
hours
per
night
may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such
as
the
environment
as
well
as
measures
of
public
health
aimed
at
favourable
changes
of
the
working environment s
可知，能否实现每晚睡足
6
至
8
小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以 及
针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获
得适 当睡眠的方法之一。故选
D
。


（
4
）考查主旨 大意。第一段点明研究结果：每晚睡眠不足
6
小时的人在
65
岁之前死亡的< br>可能性比那些每晚睡足
6
至
8
小时的人高出
12%
。 下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这
种结果的原因，解决方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此 为中心展开。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判 断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻 辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正
确答案。


7
．
阅读理解


NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a
their planned mission to Mars.

A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225
million
kilometers)
away
from
Earth.
A
trip
there
would
take
around
eight
months
in
a
small
spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will
have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.



living with
others
in
a
confined
space
for
a
long
period
of
time, such
as
on
a
mission
to
Mars,
problems are
likely
to
occur,
Jeffrey Johnson,
a
scientist
at
the
University
of
Florida, told The Guardian.

This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.
have the ability to pull everyone together,

In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together,
we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.

There are other examples of team
by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom,
a cook at Amundsen's team, was a
Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.


But
if
you're
hoping
that
your
favorite
TV
comedian
will
fly
to
Mars,
that
probably
won't
happen.


an excellent engineer.

Besides, they must be in top physical condition.

（
1
）
What is NASA's new job listing?

A. A funny engineer.
B. A talented clown.
C. A good cook.
D. A popular comedian.

（
2
）
What does

A. a full space
B. an empty space
C. an open space
D. a small space.

（
3
）
How does the author think humor can help astronauts?

A. It can stop them from feeling bored. B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.

C. It can make them feel less homesick. D. It can help them know themselves better.

（
4
）
What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?

A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.

B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.

C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.

D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航 员一
起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody
th
e job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent e ngineer.’”
可知，美国宇航局的新工作
是幽默的工程师，故选
A
。


（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的
“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”
可知，与在地球上生
活的宽广空间不 同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段
时间，由此可知画线词词义为< br>“
狭小的空间、有限的空间
”
，故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“These
are.
pe
ople
that
have
the
ability
to
pull
everyone
toget her,”
可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进
宇航员在任务 中的团队合作，故选
B
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know
we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our s tress.”
可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是
一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多 团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是
为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起 来，故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理 判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进 行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。


8
．
阅读理解



Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It's
very
likely
that
you'll
want
to
have
volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why
people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.


Let's
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
Researchers
have
identified
several
factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal
values related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their range of
experiences,
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.


People
also
volunteer
because
they
are
required
to
do
so.
To
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
Unfortunately,
these
programs
can
shift
people's
wish
of
participation
from
an
internal
factor
(e.g.

volunteer
because it's important to me
so
sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.

Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One
of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of
suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you,
it
leads
to
important
practical
advice.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to

methods
that
would
prepare
volunteers
for
troublesome
situations
or
provide
them
with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience

Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the
degree to which people view
people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be
most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role
mattered by responding to statements such as
who I am.
正相
关
) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.
These
results,
once
again,
lead
to
concrete
advice:

an
individual
begins
volunteering,
continued
efforts
might
focus
on
developing
a
volunteer
role
identity....Items
like
T-shirts
that
allow
volunteers
to
be
recognized
publicly
for
their
contributions
can
help
strengthen
role
identity

（
1
）
People volunteer mainly out of __________.

A. academic requirements
B. social expectations

C. financial rewards D. internal needs

（
2
）
What can we learn from the Florida study?

-up studies should last for one year.

eers should get mentally prepared.

gy training is a must in research.

eers are provided with concrete advice.

（
3
）
What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?

dual differences in role identity.

ly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.

identity as a volunteer.

cal advice from researchers.

（
4
）
What is the best title of the passage?

to Get People to Volunteer

to Study Volunteer Behaviors

to Keep Volunteers' Interest

to Organize Volunteer Activities

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“…people
volunteer
to
express
personal
values
related
to
unselfishness
，
to
expand
their
range
of
experiences
，
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships
．
”
可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经
验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“The researchers note that attention should be given to
‘training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with
strategies for coping with the problem they do experience
．
'”
可知，这一研究告诉 人们要注意
让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。故选
B
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“It was assumed that those people for whom the role
of
volunteer
was
most
part
of
their
personal
identity
would
also
be
most
likely
to
continue
volunteer
work
．
”
可 知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认
同。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段
“Suppose you become a leader in an organization
．
It's very
likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities
．
To do so
，
it
should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in
the
work
．
”
可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开， 说明
想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志
愿 工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息。同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正
确答案。< br>

9
．
阅读理解


Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify
giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed
data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the
researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and
that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.

Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group
of
famous
U.S.
scientists
who
took
the
unusual
step
of
trying
to
stop
the
papers
from
being
published until their criticisms were addressed.

The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that
people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to
cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak,
and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors
could be at play.


If
the
latest
example
of
how
divisive
nutrition
research
has
become,
with
its
uncertainties
leaving
the
door
open
for
conflicting
advice.
Critics
say
findings
often
aren't
backed
by
strong
evidence.
Defenders
counter
that
nutrition
studies
can
rarely
be
conclusive
because
of
the
difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.

Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons.
But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors
such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for
animal
welfare
and
the
environment
is
stronger
than
the
case
that
it's
bad
for
human
health,
according to an editorial that accompanies the report.

Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they
support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those
who called for a publication delay.

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人

激烈的-家务机器人