口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

2021年1月18日发(作者：褚朝阳)
The Diamond Perfection of Wisdom Sutra
The Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita Sutra

Thus have I heard. Once upon a time, the Buddha sojourned in the
Jetavana park near Sravasti with an assembly of twelve hundred and fifty
bhiksus.
One
day,
at
mealtime,
the
World
Honoured
One
put
on
His
robe,
took His bowl, and entered the great town of Sravasti to beg for His food.
After He had begged from door to door, He returned to His place. When
He had taken His meal, He put away His robe and bowl, washed His feet,
arranged His seat and sat down.
At the time, the elder Subhuti who was in the assembly, rose from
his
seat,
uncovered
his
right
shoulder,
knelt
upon
his
right
knee,
respectfully joined the palms of his hands and said to the Buddha: 'It is
very rare, O World Honoured One! how well the Tathagata protects and
thinks of all Bodhisattvas; how well He instructs all the Bodhisattvas.

supreme- enlightenment
mind,
how
should
their
minds
abide
and
how
should they be subdued?' The Buddha said: 'Excellent, excellent, Subhuti!
As you say, the Tathagata protects, cherishes and instructs Bodhisattvas
so
well.
Now
listen
attentively
and
I
will
tell
you
how
the
minds
of
virtuous men and women, who develop the supreme enlightenment mind,
should
thus
abide
and
be
subdued.
(Subhuti
replied:
)
'Oh
yes,
World
Honoured One, I shall be glad to hear (your instruction).'
The Buddha said: 'Subhuti, all Bodhisattvas and Mahasattvas should
subdue their minds as follows: All living beings born from eggs, wombs,
humidity or by transformation, with or without form, either thoughtful or
thoughtless, and neither thoughtful nor
thoughtless
are
all led by
me
to
the
final
nirvana
for
the
extinction
of
reincarnation.
Although
immeasurable, uncountable and unlimitable numbers of living beings are
thus led to (the final nirvana for) the extinction of reincarnation, it is true
that
not
a
living
being
is
led
there.
Why
so,
Subhuti?
(Because)
if
a
Bodhisattva
(still)
clings
to
the
false
notion
(laksana)
of
an
ego,
a
personality,
a
being
and
a
life,
he
is
not
(
a
true)
Bodhisattva.
'Furthermore,
Subhuti,
a
Bodhisattva's
mind should
not
abide anywhere
when giving alms; that is to say, he should give without a mind abiding in
form, or he should give without a mind abiding in sound, or in smell, or
in taste, or in touch or in things . Subhuti thus a Bodhisattva should give
alms without a mind abiding in false notions of form (laksana).
'Why?
(Because)
if
a
Bodhisattva's
mind
does
not
abide
in
forms
.(laksanas)
when
practising
charity
(dana),
his
merit
will
be
inconceivable
and
immeasurable.
Subhuti,
what do
you
think?
Can
you
think of and measure the extent of space in the East?'
'I cannot, World Honoured One!'
'Subhuti, can you think of and measure (all) the extent of space in
the
South,
West
and
North,
as
well
as
in
the
intermediate
directions,
including the zenith and nadir?'
'I cannot, World Honoured One!'
'Subhuti,
(when)
a
Bodhisattva
practises
charity
without
a
mind
abiding in
forms,
his
merit is equally
inconceivable
and
immeasurable.'
'Subhuti, a Bodhisattva's mind should thus abide as taught.
'Subhuti, what do you think? Can the Tathagata be seen by means of
His bodily form?'
'No, World Honoured One, the Tathagata cannot be seen by means of
His
bodily
form.
Why?
Because
when
the
Tathagata
speaks
of
bodily
form, it is not (real) form.'
The Buddha said to Subhuti: 'Everything with form is unreal; if all
forms are seen as unreal, the Tathagata will be perceived.'
Subhuti
said
to
the
Buddha:
'World
Honoured
One,
will
there
be
living beings who can develop a true belief in these words, sentences and
chapters when they are expounded to them?'
The
Buddha
said:
'Subhuti,
do
not
speak
like
that.
In
the
last
500
years, before the final passing of the Tathagata, there will be those who
will observe the rules of
morality and perform good actions which will
result in
blessing.
These people
will be
able
to develop a
faith in
these
sentences (which they will consider as embodying the Truth. You should
know that they will not have planted good roots in just one, two, three,
four,
or
five
Buddha
lands.
They
will
have
planted
them
in
countless
thousands
and
tens
of
thousands
of
Buddha
lands.
Upon
hearing
these
sentences, there will arise in them a single thought of pure faith. Subhuti,
the
Tathagata
knows
and
sees
all;
these
living
beings
will
thus
acquire
immeasurable
merits.
Why?
(Because)
they
will
have
wiped
out
false
notions
of
an
ego,
a
personality,
a
being
and
a
life,
of
Dharma
and
Not-Dharma.
Why? (Because) if their minds grasp form (laksana), they
will (still) cling to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life. If
their minds grasp the Dharma, they will (still) cling to the notion of an
ego, a personality, a being and a life. Why? (Because) if their minds grasp
the
Not- Dharma,
they
will
(still)
cling
to
the
notion
of
an
ego,
a
personality, a being and a life. Therefore, one should not grasp and hold
on to the notion of Dharma as well as that of NotDhama. This is why, the
Tathagata
always
said:

Bhiksus,
should
know
that
the
Dharma
I
expound is likened to a raft.
much more so the Not-Dharma?
'Subhuti,
what
do
you
think?
Has
the
Tathagata
(in
fact)
obtained
Supreme
Enlightenment
(Anubodhi)?
Does
the
Tathagata
(in
fact)
expound the Dharma?'
Subhuti
replied:
'As
I
understand
the
meaning
of
the
Buddha's
teaching,
there
is
no
fixed
Dharma
called
Supreme
Enlightenment
and
there is also no fixed Dharma the Tathagata can expound. Why? (Because)
the
Dharma
the
Tathagata
expounds
cannot
be
clung
to
and
cannot
be
expressed (in words); it is neither Dharma nor Not-Dharma. Why is this?
All
Bhadras
and
Aryas
differ
on
account
of
the
Eternal
Asamskrta
Dharma.'
'Subhuti' what do you think? If someone filled the Universe with the
seven treasures and gave them all as alms, would his merit be great?'
Subhuti
replied:
'Very
great,
World
Honoured
One.
Why?
Because
this merit is not the nature of merit, the Tathagata says it is great.'
'Subhuti,
if
on
the
other
hand,
someone
received
and
kept
even
a
four line stanza of this sutra and expounded it to others, his merit would
surpass
that
(of
the
giver
of
treasures).
Why?
(Because),
Subhuti,
all
Buddhas
and
their
Supreme-Enlightenment-Dharma
originate
from
this
sutra. Subhuti, the so-called Buddhas and Dharmas are not real Buddhas
and Dharmas.
'Subhuti,
what
do
you
think?
Can
one
who
has
entered
the
stream
(srota-apanna) have this thought (in his mind): I have obtained the fruit of
entering the stream?'
Subhuti
replied:
'No,
World
Honoured
One.
Why?
Because
srota-apanna
means
'entering
the
stream',
but
actually
there
is
no
entry
into
either
form,
sound,
smell,
taste,
touch
or
dharma.
Therefore,
he
is
called srota- apanna.'
'Subhuti, what do you think? Can a Sakrdagamin have this thought
(in his mind): I have obtained the fruit of a Sakrdagamin?'
Subhuti
replied:
'No,
World
Honoured
One.
Why?
Because
Sakrdagamin means
刼
nce more to come
coming nor going. Therefore, he is called a Sakrdagamin.'
'Subhuti, what do you think? Can an Anagamin have this thought (in
his mind): I have obtained the fruit of an Anagamin?'
Subhuti
replied:
'No,
World
Honoured
One.
Why?
Because
Anagamin
means

but
actually
there
is
no
such
a
thing
as
no-coming. Therefore, he is called an Anagamin.'
'Subhuti, what do you think? Can an Arhat have this thought (in his
mind): I have obtained the enlightenment of an Arhat?'
Subhuti replied: 'No, World Honoured One. Why? Because there is
no Dharma which is called Arhatship. World Honoured One, if an Arhat
thinks
and
hold
on
to
the
notion
of
an
ego,
a
personality,
a
being
and
a
life.
World Honoured One, the Buddha has declared that I have obtained the
Passionless
Samadhi
and
that
I
surpass
all
men.
I
am,
therefore,
the
highest passionless Arhat. World Honoured One, I do not think
passionless
Arhat
for,
World
Honoured
One,
if
I
had
thought

have
attained
Arhatship
the
World
Honoured
One
would
not
have
said:

takes delight in- the
calm
and quiet,
free
from
temptation
and
distress.
and quiet in which Subhuti takes delight.'
The Buddha said to Subhuti: 'What do you think.? Did the Tathagata
obtain
anything
from
the
Dharma,
when
in
the
past
He
was
with
Dipamkara Buddha?'
'No, World Honoured One. When the Tathagata was with Dipamkara,
He did not obtain anything from the Dharma.'
'Subhuti, what do you think? Do Bodhisattvas adorn Buddha lands
(by their moral actions)?'
'No. World Honoured One. Why? Because this is not real adornment;
it is (merely) called the adornment of Buddha lands.'
'Subhuti, this is why all Bodhisattvas and Mahasattvas should thus
develop
a pure
and clean
mind
which
should
not
abide in
form,
sound,
smell, taste, touch and dharma. They should develop a mind which does
not abide in anything. 'Subhuti, supposing a man has a body as great as
mount Sumeru, what do you think? Would such a body be great?'
Subhuti
replied:
'Very
great,
World
Honoured
One.
Why?
Because
the Buddha says it is not the real body but is (merely) called a great body.'
'Subhuti, if there were as
many rivers like the Ganges as there are
grains of sand in the Ganges, would the total of grains of sand in all these
rivers be very great?'
Subhuti
replied:
'Very
great,
World
Honoured
One!
These
rivers
would be innumerable; how much more so would be their sand-grains.'
'Subhuti, I now tell you truly. If a virtuous man or woman filled a
number
of universes,
as
great as the
number of
sand-grains
in
all these
rivers, with the seven treasures, and gave them all away in alms (dana),
would his or her merit be great?'
Subhuti replied: 'Very great, World Honoured One!'
The Buddha said to Subhuti: 'If a virtuous man or woman receives
and holds (in mind) even a four-line stanza of this sutra and expounds it
to others, his or her merit will surpass that of the almsgiver. Furthermore,
Subhuti,
wheresoever
this
sutra
or
even
one
of
its
four-line
stanzas
is
expounded, you should know that all devas, men and asuras should make
their
offerings
there
as
if
the
place
was
a
Buddha
stupa
or
a
Buddha
temple. How much more so if someone is able to receive, hold (in mind),
read
and
recite
the
whole
sutra!
Subhuti,
you
should
know
that
such
a
person will achieve the highest and rarest Dhama. Wheresoever this sutra
may be found the Buddha and His respected disciples will be there also.'
Subhuti then asked the Buddha: 'World Honoured One, what name
should be given to this sutra and how should we receive and hold it (in
mind)?'
The
Buddha
said:
'This
sutra
should
be
called
The
Diamond
prajna- paramita
Because, Subhuti, the Prajna- paramita as expounded by the Buddha, is
not Prajna- paramita but is (merely) so called.'
'Subhuti,
what
do
you
think
Does
the
Tathagata
expound
the
Dharma?'
Subhuti said: 'World Honoured One, the Tathagata does not expound
anything.'
'Subhuti, what do you think? Are there many particles of dust in the
universe?'
Subhuti replied: 'Many, World Honoured One!'
'Subhuti, the Tathagata says these particles of dust are not (real), (but)
are (merely) called particles of dust. The Tathagata says the universe is
not (real), but it is (merely) called the universe.'
'Subhuti,
what
do
you
think?
Can
the
Tathagata
be
perceived
by
means of His thirty-two physical characteristics (laksanas)?'
'No,
World
Honoured
One.
The
Tathagata
cannot
be
perceived
by
them. Why? Because the Tathagata says they are not real but are (merely)
called the thirty-two physical characteristics.'
'Subhuti,
if
on
the
one
hand,
a
virtuous
man
or
woman,
in
giving
alms
(dana),
sacrifices
as
many
lives
as
there
are
sand-grains
in
the
Ganges,
and
on
the
other
hand,
someone
receives
and
holds
(in
mind)
even a four-line stanza of this sutra, and expounds it to other, the merit
resulting from the latter will be greater.'
At that time, after listening to this sutra, Subhuti had understood its
profound meaning and was moved to tears. He said to the Buddha: 'How
rare,
O
World
Honoured
One!
The
Buddha
has
expounded
such
a
very
profound sutra. Since I have acquired the wisdom eye, I have not heard of
such a sutra. World Honoured One, if someone after listening to this sutra
believes that his mind is clean and pure, he will realise reality. We should
know that such a person will achieve the highest and rarest merit. World
Honoured One, this Reality is not Reality but the Tathagata calls it Reality.
World Honoured One, as I now listen to this sutra I have no difficulty in
believing, understanding, receiving and holding it, but in the last epoch,
the last five hundred year period if there be a man who (happens to) listen
to this sutra, believes, understands receives and holds it, he will be most
rare.
Why?
Because
he
will
no
longer
(think
in
terms
of)
an
ego,
a
personality,
a
being
and
a
life.
Why?
Because
the
forms
of
an
ego,
a
personality, a being and a life are not forms. Why? Because when he has
rejected all forms he is called a Buddha.'
The Buddha said: 'Just so! Subhuti, just so! If on the one hand, there
be
a
man
who
listens
to this sutra
and
is
not
filled
with
alarm,
fear,
or
dread, you should know that such a person is most rare. Why? Because,
Subhuti,
as
the
Tathagata
says,
the
first perfection (
paramita)
is not so
(but) is (merely) called the first perfection (paramita).
'Subhuti, the Tathagata speaks of the Perfection of Patience (ksanti
paramita)
which
is
not
but
is
called
the
Perfection
of
Patience.
Why?
Because,
Subhuti,
in
(a)
past
(life)
when
my
body
was
mutilated
by
Kaliraja, I had at that time no notion of an ego, a personality, a being and
a life. Why? Because, in the past, when my body was dismembered, if I
(still) held the conception of an ego, a personality, a being and a life, I
would have been stirred by feelings of anger and hatred. Subhuti, I also
remember that in the past, during my former five hundred lives, I was a
Ksantyrsi and held no conception of an ego, a personality, a being and a
life.
Therefore,
Subhuti,
Bodhisattvas
should
forsake
all
conceptions
of
form
and
resolve
to
develop
the
Supreme
Enlightenment
Mind
(Anuttara- samyaksam-bodhi).
Their
minds
should
not
abide
in
form,
sound, smell, taste, touch and dharma. Their minds should abide nowhere.
If
minds
abide
somewhere,
it
will
be
in
falsehood.
This
is
why
the
Buddha
says
that
Bodhisattvas'
minds
should
not
abide
in
form
when
practising
charity
(dana).
Subhuti,
all
Bodhisattvas
should
thus
make
offerings
for
the
welfare
of
all
living
beings.
The
Tathagata
speaks
of
forms which are not forms and of living beings who are not living beings.
'Subhuti,
the
Tathagatas'
words
are
true
and
correspond
to
reality.
They
are ultimate words, neither deceitful nor heterodox. Subhuti, the Dharma
the
Tathagata
has
obtained
is
neither
real
nor
unreal.
'Subhuti,
if
a
Bodhisattva
practises
charity
(
dana
)
with
a
mind
abiding
in
things
(dharma),
he
is
like
a
man
entering
the
darkness
where
he
cannot
see
anything; (but) if a Bodhisattva practises dana with a mind not abiding in
dharma, he is like a man with open eyes, who can see everything in the
sunshine.
'Subhuti,
in
future
ages,
if
a
virtuous
man
or
woman
is
able
to
receive, hold (in mind), read and recite this sutra, the Tathagata, by means
of His Buddha Wisdom, will know and see clearly that such a person will
achieve
immeasurable
and
unlimitable
merits.
Subhuti,
if
(on
the
one
hand) a virtuous man or woman sacrifices in the practice of charity (dana),
as many lives as the sand-grains of the Ganges in the morning, at midday
and again in the evening, and continues so doing throughout numberless
aeons;
and
if
(on
the
other
hand)
a
person
after
listening
to
this
sutra

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文

口语表达能力训练-山中访友课文