英语中表示原因的几种方式
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英语中表示原因的几种方式
玉门油田外国语高级中学
刘发强
735019
英语是词汇量非常丰富的语言之一,
一般通过其丰富的词汇表达丰富的思想,在表示原因的方式上,
主要有以下几种:
一
从属连词
because/ as /since /
和并列连词
for.
如:
I did it because they asked me to do it.
我做了这件事是因为他们请我做的。
As it was raining ,you
’
d better take a taxi .
天在下雨,你最好乘出租车去。
Since we have no money ,we can
’
t buy it.
我们没有钱,所以我们没法买。
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her .
我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有
点事要告诉她。
解析:
1.
这四词语气逐级递减。
表示直接的原因或理由,重点在从句,常译为“因为”;
since
表
示对方已知,无需说明的既成事实,中心句在主句,常译为“既然”;
as
表示明显的原因,重点在主句,
常译为“由于”
;
for
是个并列连词,只能放在另一
个并列句后面,表示一种 推理或解释,或用作附加
说明,并不指理由或原因,一般不放在句首,常译为“因为”,“其理由是”(
for
表示因果关系时可以
同
because
交替使用,但
for
前须用逗号,而
because
则不必。
二
介词和介词短语
1.
介词
with/for/at/of/from/over
这类介词所表达的原因是暗含的,汉译时不一定译出。如:
She was shivering with cold .
她冷得发抖。
He was very angry at losing it .
他把它丢了,很生气。
We jumped for joy.
我们高兴得跳了起来。
She couldn
’
t speak for laughing .
她笑得说不成话。
He came of his own accord.
他是自愿来的。
Many old people died from the smog.
许多老人死于烟雾污染。
It is no use crying over spilt milk .
覆水难收。
2.
介词短语:英语中有大量的介词短语表示原因,以下是一些常见的例子:
on account of something/on this/that account
We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather .
因为天气恶劣,我们推迟了行程。
because of
They are her because of us.
他们到这儿来是因为有我们。
by reason of
He was excused by reason of his age .
他因为年龄关系而被原谅
。
as a result of
The flight was delayed as a result of fog..
航班因雾而晚点。
for fear of
They are afraid to speak for fear of making errors.
他们不敢讲话是因为害怕出错。
三
分词(形容词,副词)
+as
从句或分词结构直接作原因状语
如:
Tired as he was ,we decided not to disturb him.
因为他累了,我们决定不去打扰他。
Hard as he studied, he passed the test with ease .
由于学习刻苦,他很容易地通过了测试。
Being ill
,
she didn
’
t go to school.
由于有病,她没去上学。
Having worked among the peasants for many years, he know them well .
由于在农民中工作多
年,他对他们很了解。