英语中的复合句

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2021年01月19日 06:24
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2021年1月19日发(作者:屈承懋)
英语中的复合句

宾语从句


一、宾语从句的连接词:

1



连词
that
,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省
略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2



连词
if

whether< br>,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口
语中多用
if


eg. Tom don

t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下,
if

whether
可以互换,但以下情况只能用
whether


①与
or not
连用:
They are talking about whether to go there or not.


②在介词后:
It depends on(
依靠
) whether it is going to rain.
Whether to go there or not hasn

t been decided.
3



连接代词
who, whom, whose, what, which
,连接副词
when, where, why, how



eg. The teacher asked the new students







class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
二、宾语从句的语序:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序

Can you tell me whom do we have to see?
Can you tell me whom we have to see?
三、时态

主从一致

【注意】
当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,
不管主句谓语的时态如何,
从句都用一般 现在时。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
直接引语变间接引语

一、如何变人称:

直接引语变间接引语时,
如果从句中的主语是第一人称或 被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称
英语中的复合句

要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said.

She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“直接引语变 间接引语时,
若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句
中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,
如:

He said to Kate.

He asked Kate how her sister was then


“直接引语变间接引语时。
如 果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中
的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr Smith said






Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker


二、如何变时态:

直接引语在改为间 接引语时、
时态需要做相应的调整。
如果主句谓语动词为现在范畴的时态
或一般将来时 ,
则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。
如果主句谓语动词为过去时,
间接引 语中的动词时态按下列变化:


1


一般现在时变为一般过去时


2


现在进行时变为过去进行时


3


一般将来时变为过去将来时


4


现在完成时变为过去完成时


5


一般过去时变为过去完成时


6


过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时

要注意在以下几种情况:


1


如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,
变为间接引语,
一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
如:

The teacher said

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

2
)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作 状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:


He said to me,

He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)
如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一
英 语中的复合句

般过去时。如:

He said,

He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)
直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语时,时态
不变。如:

The girl said,

The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)
如果直接引语中含有
since, when, while
引导的 表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引
语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如 :

He said to me,

He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)
如果直接引语中含有情态动词

must, need, had better
以及情态动词的过去式
could, might,
should, would,
在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:

The teacher said to me .


The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said ,

He said that he could swim when he was only six.
(7)
直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:

Jack said.

Jack asked John where
he was going when he met him in the street


定语从句


修饰限定名词或代词的成分被称为定语。

1.
关系词的分类:
1
)关系代词:

who, whom, which, that, whose
















2
)关系副词:

when, where, why (
作状语
)

who, whom
的用法


1)

who
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省。

英语中的复合句


I like the person


who

you are talking to.

2)


that

which
的用法


1)
限制性定语从句中,通常情况下可以互换。

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分
,
去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句
是先行词的附加说明
,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思
,
它与主句之间通常用逗号分开



The room in ________ I live is very big.


= The room _________ I live in is very big.

2
)只用
that
——“人物最不避人物”


“人物”——
that
既可指人,也可指物





Is this the museum that you visited the other day?


(

_______,
可用
_______)




Jack is no longer the person that I met five years ago.
(指
______,
可用
_______

________


“最”——极端修饰:最高级、序数词、
the only, the same, the same












This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.

(
先行词被
___________
修饰
) The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.
(先行词被
___________

饰)

“不”
——不定代词

(all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing, none,

) All the apples __that__ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.


There is not much___________ ought to be done right now.

(
先行词为
____________)


He did everythingcould help us.











(
先行词为
____________)

(10
全国
2) I refuse to accept the blame for something ____________was someone else

s fault.









A. which












B. whose












C. who












D. that

“避”——避免重复


Who is the person that is standing at the school gate?

(前有
__________


哪辆自行车是你
弄丢的那辆?


_________ is the bike ________ you lost?


“人物”——先行词有人也有物











Tell us about the people and the places_that


are different from ours.










I

m
going
to
talk
about
the
countries
and
people
that
I
have
visited.
(先行词是
_____________



3)
只用
which

社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报


社会主义荣辱观-关于感恩节的手抄报