英语中名词的用法
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2021年01月19日 06:25
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一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释
1.
名词
名词可以分为专有名词(
Proper Nouns
)和普通名词
(Common Nouns
)
。
专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等 专有的名称,如
Beijing
,
China
等。
(不是专有名词就是普通名词)
(
1
)
名
词变复数的方法
1)
规则的变复数的方法
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加
-s
map-maps
bag- bags
car-cars
以
s,
sh,
加
-es
bus-buses
ch, x
等结
watch-watches
尾的词
以
辅
音
字
变
y
为
i
再
baby---babies
母
+y
结
尾
加
es
的词
2)
不规则变化情况
①
以
o
结尾的名词,变复数时:
a.
加
s
,如:
photo---photos piano--- pianos radio---radios
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zoo---zoos
;
b.
加
es
,如:
potato
—
potatoes tomato
—
tomatoes
(基本规律:有生命性质的词在后面加
es
,否则加
s
)
②
以
f
或
fe
结尾的名词变复数时:
a.
加
s
,
如:
belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe ---safes
gulf---gulfs
;
b.
去
f,
fe
加
-ves
,
如:
half---halves knife ---knives leaf---leaves
wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief--- thieves
;
③
名词复数的不规则变化
child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men woman--- women
④
单复同形如
:
deer
,
sheep
,
fish
,
Chinese
,
Japane se
集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如:
people
police
cattle
等本身就是复数,不能说
a
people
,
a
police
,
a
cattle
,
但可以说
a
person
,
a
policeman
,
a
head
of
cattle,
the
English
,
the British
,
the French
,
the Chinese
,
the Japanese
,
the Swiss
等名
词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
⑤
以
s
结尾,仍为单数的名词,如
:
⑥
maths
,
politics
,
physics
等学科名词,为不 可数名词,是单数
。
news
是
不可数名词。
(2)
名词的格
1)
在英语中有些名词可以加
来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称
为该名词的所有格,如:
a teacher's book
。名词所有格的规则如下:
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2)
单数名词词尾加
,
复数名词 词尾没有
s
,
也要加
,
如
the
boy's
bag
男孩的书包,
men's room
男厕所。
3)
若名词已有复数词尾
-s
,只加
,如:
the workers' struggle
工人的
斗争。
4
)
凡不能加
的名词,
都可以用
名词
+of
+
名词
的结构来表示所有关系,
如:
the title of the song
歌的名字。
5
)
在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现
它所修饰的名词,如:
t he barber's
理发店。
6
)
如果两个名词 并列,并且分别有
's
,则表示
分别有
;只有一个
's
,则
表示
'
共有
'
。
如:
John's and Mary's room
(两间)
John and Mary's room
(一间)
例题解析
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
解析
:
句中的
min ute
应该用其复数的所有格形式
,
只
+
’
,
而不 能
+s,
因此选
A
。
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
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A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
解析
:
person
与
people
都有”
人”
的意思
,
但用法不同
.
“一个人”
用
“
a
person
”
,
“两个人”
用
“
two persons
”
; people
泛指
“人们”是集合名词
,
表示复数
, the
people
指
“人民”
, a people
指
“一个民族”
.
应选
B
。
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
解析
: chicken
可用作可数名词指小鸡
,
用作不可数名词指鸡肉
,
根据词题意应理解为
鸡肉
;apple
为可数名词
,
故应
+s,
因此选
D
。
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A.
room’s
number B.
rooms’
number C.
room
numbers D.
rooms’
numbers
解析
: room number
房间号码
. room
可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词
.
类似的还有
my phsics teacher,
two bus drivers
等
.
应选
C
。
7.
She
has
been
in
Tianjin
for
ten
years.
Tianjin
has
become
her
second
_________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room
解析
:
family
指的是家庭或是家庭成员
;
house
指的是房子
(
住所
);
room
指的是房间
;
而
home
指的是家
,
因此选
C.
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the
meeting, because they have gone to
Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
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C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
解析
:
此句中
“
mothers
”是复数
,
表示两个人各自的母亲
,因此应选
D
。
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A.
her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s
解析
:
此句意为
“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”
.
表示具体场所时
,
可省去所有格后面
的名词
.
因此选
B
。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
解析
:
experience
作
“经验”
讲时是不可数名词
,
作
“经历”
讲时是可数名词
.
本
句中应理解为
“
经验”
,
因此是不可数名词
,
排除
A
C.
又因
a
lot
of
,
lots
of,
plenty
of
只用于肯定句
,
不用于否定句
,
因此选
B
。
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you B. your
C. your sister D. your sister’s
解析
:
此题考查名词的双重所有格
.
应选
D
。
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析
: Frenchman
是复合词
,
其复数形式为
Frenchmen; German
的复数为直接在单词
末尾
+S,
应选
A.
team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
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解析
: team
是一个集合名词
,
即可表示复数意义
(
指整个小组
) ,
也可指小组中的成员
(
表示复数
),
此题意为后者
,
因此选
B
。
14. “Would you like _________” “________, please.”
A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees
C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
解析
: drink
和
coffee
是不可数名词
,
可以用…
of
来表示数量
, eg, three cups of
coffee,
当前面加
a
时
,
则表示
“一杯”
.因此选
C
。
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood
of ________ men.
and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions
C.
the
earth
and
stone,
million
of D.
the
earths
and
stones,
millions
解析:
earth
是不可数名词,因此删除
B D,
数以百万的应为
millions of .
因此选
A
。
选择最佳答案:
1
.
Last
night,
there
was
a
food
accident.
The
_______
were
ill,
but
no
_______
were lost.
A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child,
life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
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A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4.
Today
is
September
10th.
It's
__________
Day.
Let's
go
and
buy
some
flowers
for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a
half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls
--- _________, please.
cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees
7.
During
Christmas,
people
get
together
and
sing
Christmas
songs
for
_________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's
10. They are those _________ put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'
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