初中英语中Be 动词的用法归纳
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初中英语中
Be
动词的用法归纳
be
是一个多功能动词,在初级英语里可见四种用法:
功能一,系动词
be
be
为连系 动词,
中心词义是
是
,
句型为
主+系+表
结构。
be
的形式常用
am,
is,
are(
现在式
)
;
was,
were(
过去式
)
;
will/can/may/must be(
助动词
/
情态动词
+原形
)
;
have /has/had
been(
助动词+过去分词
)
等。如:
To
help
animals
is
helping
people.(
一般现在时
)
The
twins
were
very
busy
yesterday.(
一般过去时
)
It
will
be
sunny
tomorrow.(
一般将来时
)
She
has
been
ill
for
over
a
week.(
现在完成时
)
功能二,助动词
be
助动词
be
,无词义,辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下:
1.
be+doing
:构成进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态。如:
The
girls
is
reading
and
copying
the
new
words
now.
Young
Tom
was
always
asking
questions
and
trying
out
new
ideas.
2. be+done
:构成被动语态
(
主语是动作的承受者,
done
必须是及物动词
)
。
如:
Tea
is
grown
in
my
hometown.(
一般现在时的被动语态
)
This
building
was
built
three
years
ago.(
一般过去时的被动语态
)
Our
classroom
has
been
cleaned
and
tidied
already.(
现在完成时的被动语
态
)
How
could
this
kind
of
cakes
be
made
in
your
home?(
含情态动词的被动
语态
)
That
is
a
day
never
to
be
forgotten.(
动词不定式的被动语态
)
3.
be+going
to
do
,表示
< br>打算或将要做某事
,
be
有现在和过去两种形式。
如:
We
are
going
to
plant
trees
in
the
park.
I
didn't
know
if
she
was
going
to
come
here.
4.
be+to
do
,表示
按计划安排将要做某事
。如:
The
new
shop
is
not
to
be
opened
till
next
Monday.
One
night
an
angel
came
to
Mary
and
told
her
that
she
was
to
have
this
special
boy.
功能三,
there
be
there
be
句式为:
there
be+
主语部分+ 状语部分,表示
某处存在某物
,
be
常用现在时,过去时和 将来时等。如:
Oh,
cool!
And
there
are
many
things
to
see.
There
is
even
a
deer
park
in
Sanya.
There
are
about
80
pyramids
in
Egypt.
Will
there
be
a
football
match
in
your
school
next
week?
功能四,实义
be
可以将be
视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如
成为
;
做
;
发生
;
举行
;
逗留
;
到达
等 。如:
His
daughter
wants
to
be
a
doctor
for
animals
in
her
twenties.
Kate's
birthday
party
will
be
at
half
past
six
this
evening.
Jim
has
been
in
China
for
more
than
two
years,
but
he
has
not
yet
been
to
Yichang.
初中英语中
Keep
用法归纳
在人教版初 中英语教材中,
keep
是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一,现将其常
见用法归纳小结 如下,以利于大家正确地使用该词。
一、用作及物动词
1.
意为
保存;保留;保持;保守
。如:
Could
you
keep
these
letters
for
me,
please?
你能替我保存这些信吗?
I'll
keep
a
seat
for
you.
我给你留个座位。
It
can
help
to
keep
vegetables,
fruit
and
meat
for
a
long
time
in
hot
sum
mer.
在炎热的夏天,它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。
Can
you
keep
a
secret?
你能保守秘密吗?
2.
意为
照顾;养活
等。如:
She
kept
her
sister
for
a
week
while
her
sister
was
ill.
她妹妹有病时,
她照
看她了一个星期。
I
have
a
family
to
keep.
我得养活一家人。
3.
意为
留下;不必还
。如:
You
can
keep
the
pen
if
you
like
it.
你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。
Keep
the
change.
不用找零钱了。
4.
意为
遵守;维护
。如:
Everyone
must
keep
the
rules.
人人必须遵守规章制度。
The
teacher
is
keeping
order
in
class.
老师正在课堂上维持秩序。
5.
意为
售;卖
。如:
The
shop
keeps
everything
you
need.
那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。
He
keeps
everything
you
will
drink.
他出售你想喝的各种饮料。
6.
意为
记
(
日记、帐等
)
。如:
She
keeps
a
diary
every
day.
她坚持每天记日记。
He
keeps
exact
accounts
of
the
money
he
spends
and
a
diary
of
the
even
ts
of
his
holidays.
他详细地记载他所花的钱数和假期中所发生的事情。
7.
意为
使
……
保持某种
(
状态、位置或动作等
)
。这时要在
keep
的宾语后
接补足语,构成 复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现
在分词和过去分词等充当。如:
We
should
keep
our
classroom
clean
and
tidy.(
形容词
)
我们应保持教室整
洁干净。
You'd
better
keep
the
child
away
from
the
fire.(
副词
)
你最好让孩子离火远
一点。
The
bad
weather
keeps
us
inside
the
house.(
介词短语
)
坏天气使我们不能
出门。
Don't
keep
me
waiting
for
long.(
现在分词
)
别让我等太久。
The
other
students
in
the
class
keep
their
eyes
closed.(
过去分词
)
班上其他
同学都闭着眼睛。
二、用作连系动词
构成系表结构:keep
+表语,意为
保持,继续
(
处于某种状态
)< br>。其中表语
可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如:
You
must
look
after
yourself
and
keep
healthy.(
形容词
)
你必须照 顾好自
己,保持身体健康。
Keep
off
the
grass.(
副词
)
请勿践踏草地。
Traffic
in
Britain
keeps
to
the
left.(
介词短语
)
英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。
注意:一般情况下,
keep
后接形容词较为多见。再如:
She
knew
she
must
keep
calm.
她知道她必须保持镇静。
Please
keep
silent
in
class.
课堂上请保持安静。
三、与介词或副词搭配,构成动词短语
away< br>意为
使
)
离开;
(
使
)
不接近
,其后常接介词
from
。如:
Would
you
keep
your
dog
away
from
my
boy,
please?
请把狗拉得离我孩
子远点好吗?
Keep
everybody
away
from
the
accident.
人人远离事故!
back
意为
阻止;留在后面
。如:
She
sat
down
quietly,
but
she
couldn't
keep
back
her
tears.
她静静地坐下来,却忍不住流下了眼泪。
together
意为
在一起;动作协调
。如:
Keep
together,
please.
请聚在一起。
The
eight
men
kept
together
during
the
boat
race
as
though
they
were
on
e.
赛船时,这
8
个人动作协调,好像一个人似的。
up
意为
持续;使不低落
。如:
The
noise
kept
up
all
night.
噪音整夜持续着。
To
keep
your
strength
up,
eat
well
and
get
enough
sleep.
为了保持力气,
要吃好、睡足。
up
with
意为
跟上;和
……
来往
。如:
I'm
trying
my
best
to
keep
up
with
the
others
in
class.
我正在设法赶上班
里的其他人。
Do
you
still
keep
up
with
Tom?
你和汤姆还有联系吗?
...in mind
意为
把
……
记在心里
。如:
The
teacher
asked
us
to
keep
these
sentences
in
mind.
老师要我们把这些
句子记在心里。
四、含
keep
的常用句型
doing
sth.
意为
继续干某事
,表示不 间断地持续干某事,
keep
后不
能接不定式或表示静止状态的
v-ing< br>形式,而必须接延续性的动词。如:
He
kept
working
all
day,
because
he
wanted
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
他整天都在不停地工作,因为他想准时完成工作。
Keep
passing
the
ball
to
each
other,
and
you'll
be
OK.
坚持互相传球,
你们
就行。
on
doing
sth.
意为
持续做某事
。如:
The
pupil
kept
on
asking
me
the
same
question.
这个学生不断地问我同一
个问题。
I
kept
on
thinking
about
the
match
in
the
afternoon.
我总是想起下午的那
场比赛。
3.
keep...from
doing
sth.
意为
阻止
/
防止
……
做某事
。如:
The
heavy
snow
kept
us
from
going
out.
大雪使我们不能出去。
初中英语中
Like
用法归纳
like
一词具有多种词性和词义,以及多种用法。现简述如下:
一、用作动词:
+
名词
/
代词,意为
喜欢某人或某物
。例如:
Tom
likes
fish
very
much.
汤姆非常喜欢鱼。
Mr
Wang
is
a
good
all
like
him.
王老师是个好老师,
我们都喜
欢他。
to
do
sth.
意为
偶尔或具体地
)
喜欢做某事
。例如:
I
like
to
swim
with
you
today.
今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。
doing
sth.
意为
经常或习惯地
)
喜欢做某事
。例如:
He
likes
singing.
他喜欢唱歌。
sb.
to
do
sth.
意为
喜欢某人做某事
。例如:
She
likes
them
to
ask
questions
like
this.
她喜欢他们像这样问问题。
like
to
do
sth.
(=want
to
do
sth.)
意为
想要做某事
。例如:
I'd
like
to
go
shopping
with
you.
我想要和你一起去买东西。
like
sb.
to
do
sth.
意为
想要某人做某事
。
I'd
like
you
to
meet
my
parents.
我想要你见见我的父母亲。
二、用作介词:
1.
be
like,
look
like
后接名词或代词作宾语,意为
像
……< br>;跟
……
一样
。
例如:
What
is
he
like?
他是怎么样的一个人?
The
little
girl
looks
like
her
father.
那个小姑娘看起来像她的父亲。
2.
feel
like
后接
V?
鄄
ing
形式、代词或名词,意为
想要做某事
。例如:
Do
you
feel
like
having
a
rest?
你想休息吗?