初中英语语法专项习题5.代词
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2021年01月19日 16:43
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1
初中英语语法专项习题
-
代词
代词（
pron.
）代替名词
,
兼有名词和形容词的作用
（一）代词的类别
相互代词
each other,one another
指示代词
this,that,these,those
不定代词（不指明特定的人或事物的代词）< br>each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,
（
a
）
few,
（
a
）
little,s ome,any,many,much,other,another
复
合
不
定
代
词
one,every- thing,something,anything,nothing
疑问代词
what,who,whom,which,whose
直接代词
疑问代词都可作连接代词，引导宾语从句。表语从句等。
关系代词
who,whom,whose,that,which
用引导定语从句。
（二）代词的用法
1.
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法
（
1
）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。
eg. She gave me a red apple.
她给了我一个红苹果：
（
She
作主语
,me
作动词宾语）
Kath
is near him.
凯西靠近他。
（介词
near
的宾语）
2.
物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。
①
形容词性物主代词位于名词前：
their school,his backpack
②
名词性物主代词相当干一个名词
,
在句中可作主语、宾 语等，后面不能再接名词。
egIt isn’t
my
pen.→Mine
（
=my
pen
）
is
missing.
（作主语）
I
left
my
pen
at
home. You
can
use
hers
（
=her
pen
）
,
（作宾语）
③
“of+
名词性物主代词
”
属双重所有格的一种形式。
eg.a cat of hers
她的一条狗
,a friend of yours
你的一个朋友
（
3
）反身代词
①
反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。
eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.
（作同位语）
She bought herself a new bag.
（作动词宾语）
He’s
not worried about himself.
（作介词宾语）
②
带有反身代词的常用短语。
teach oneself
自学
help oneself to
随便吃些
…
吧
say to oneself
自言自语。
learn……by oneself
自学
…
enjoy oneself
过得愉快
（
4
）相互代词
①
表示相互关系，可用作动词或介词的宾语，用法区别不大。
eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another
（
each other
）
。多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。
We should learn from each other.
我们应当互相学习。
everyb ody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyon e,no
leave one by oneself
把某人单独留下
hurt oneself
伤了自己
dress oneself
自己穿衣服
come to oneself
苏醒过来
2
②
可以用格表示所有关系：
each other’s, one another’s
互相的，彼此的
are looking at each other’s pictures.
他们相互看对方的照片。
（
5
）指示代词
①
指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。
eg. This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.
这是一棵苹果树，那是一棵桔子树。
These are my friends,and that is my sister.
这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。
②
指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情：
had a bad
／
That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
2.
不定代词的用法
（
1
）
each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法
①
each“
每个／各个
”
（强调个体），用于两者或两者以上。
girls came and l gave an apple to each.
来了俩姑娘，我给她们每人一个苹果。
Each of them has a nice ring.
她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。
②
every“
每个／各个
”
（强调全体）
，用于两者以上。
every
常作形容词用。
day is important to us.
每天对我们都很重要。
He has read every book
（
all the books
）
On the subject.
他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。
③
both
表 示两者
“
都
”
（强调全体）
。
parents are both doctors.
她父母都是医生。
Both of them are doctors.
他俩都是医生。
They both like potatoes.
他俩喜欢吃土豆。
④
all“
全体／大家／一 切
”
用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。
’s a
ll for today.
今天到此为止。
All of us are from China.
我们都来自中国。
All the food is delicious.
所有的食物都很好吃。
⑤
either“
两 者之一
”
，用于两者（强调个体）
。
two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.
那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。
⑥
neither“
两个都不
”
，用于否定两者。
eg. Neither Of the books is
／
are so interesting.
那两本书没一本好看的。
⑦
no
（
=not any
／
not a
）
“
没有
”
可接可数名词单复数，也可接不可数名词。
eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.
我没有兄弟姐妹。
A clock has no mouth,but it can talk.
钟表没有嘴，但能说话。
There is no fire without some smoke.
有火就有烟。
⑧
none“
没有一个人／物
”
用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词
Of them has
／
have been to Japan.
他们都没去过日本。
I like none of the books.
这些书我全都不喜欢。
⑨
neither
和
none
表示完全否定；
all,both ,each
和
every
（含
every
的复合词）等与
n ot
连用时表示部分
否定。
eg.I don’t know all of you.
我不完全认识你们。
3
Not everyone Of us know how to go there.
不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。
（
2
）
one,ones
和
no one
的用法
one
用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人
,< br>以免重复；
复数
ones
用来代替前面提到的一些物或
一些人；
no one
表示否定。
eg.
——
Would you please pass me the science book
？给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗？
一
Which one
？哪一本？
一
The one on my shelf.
我书架上的那本。
No one has traveled farther than to the moon.
没有人旅行远过月球。
（< br>3
）
（
a
）
few,
（
a
）
little
；
many,much
；
some,any
的用法< br>
①
many
（
+
复数名词）
,much
（
+
不可数名词）表示
“
许多
/
很多
”
。< br>
Of the students come from England.
那些学生许多是从英国来的。
Thanks,it’s too much for me.
谢谢
,
我承受不起。
②
few
（
+
复数名词）
,little
（
+
不可数名词） 表示
“
没多／很少
”
（表否定）
。
eg,There were few people in the street last night.
昨晚街上没什么人。
I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.
我担心，我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。
③
a few
（
+
复数名词）
,a little
（
+
不 可数名词）表示
“
有一些／有几个
”
（表肯定）
。
eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.
我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意：
quite a few
表示
“
相当多
”
are quite a few students over there.
那儿有相当多的学生。
④some
（
+
复数名词／不可数名词）
,any
（
+< br>复数名词／不可数名词）表示
“
有一些／有几个
”
（表
肯定）
。
are some birds in the tree.
树上有些鸟。
There is some water in the bottle.
瓶里有些水。
I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.
我没有
Is there any tea in the cup
？杯子里有茶吗？
⑤
some
一般 用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中，多用
some.
eg
：
Would you like some beer
？你要不要来点啤酒吗？
Why didn’t you buy some sweets
？（
You should have bought……
）你怎么没买点糖果？
⑥
any
一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句
isn’t any water left.
没有剩下一点水。
If you have any questions, put up your .
如果有问题，请举手。
⑦
some+
单数名词表示
“
某一个
”,any+
单数名 词表示
“
随便哪一个
”
或
“
任何一个
”
。
eg.I’ll catch up with you some day
有一天我会赶上你的。
Come
any day you like.
你哪天来都行。
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。
④
one ,other, others, the others ,another
等的用法
1.○ ● one……the other
表示两个人或两件东西中的
“
一个
…
另一个
”
Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.
4
2....one……another
表示不定数目中的
“
一个< br>”
与
“
另
—
个
”
。
eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another.
3..one ……the others
强调在一定 范围中的
“
一个
”
与
“
其余的
”
。
eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese.
4.○○○
●●●● some…… the others
表示许多人或物
,
不在一定范围中的
“
一部分
”
与
“
其余的全部
”
。
students are reading,the others are drawing pictures.
⑤
others=other+
名词；
the
others
＝
the
Other+
名词。
students like traveling,others
（
other students
）
like watching TV at home. ⑥
another
表示
“
再／又
”
时既可接单数名词， 也可接数词
+
复数名词。
eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.
再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。
（
4
）复合不定代词的用法
①
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e is knocking at the door.
有人在敲门
②
修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。
is something important On toda
y’s
newspaper.
今天的报纸有些重要新闻。
③
复合不定代词变否定句时，要否定主语：
ing
is
wrong.
（变为否定句）
Something isn’t wrong.
（错误）
Nothing is wrong.
（正确）
④
Somebody,someone,somet hing
一般用于肯定句；
anybody,anyone,anything
一般用 于否定句、
疑问
句及条件句。
is something new in the park.
公园里有些新的景点。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us
？你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗？
⑤
当
somebody, someone
等用于疑问句时，表示肯定、请求、建议或反问；
anybody,anyon e
等用在
肯定句中表示
“
任何人
”
。
someone coming this afternoon
？今天下午有客人来吗？
Anyone can make mistakes.
任何人都可能犯错误。
3.
疑问代词的用法。
（
1
）
who
／
whom
谁（指人）
。
①
作主语
eg. Who wants to go with him
？
②
作宾语
／
Whom are you waiting for
？（作介词
for
的宾语）
／
Whom do you want to meet
？（作动词
meet
的宾语）
③
作表语
／
Whom are they
？
（
2
）
whose
谁的
①
作定语
eg. Whose pen is this
？
②
作表语
eg. Whose is this pen
？
5
（
3
）
which
哪一个
,
哪一些
①
作定语
girl is Kathy
？
②
作表语
e
g. Which is the boy’s ball
？
（
4
）
what
什么
①
作主主语
eg. What’s on the table
？
②
作宾语
eg. What are you doing
？
③
作表语
eg. What is he
？
④
作定语
eg. What class are you in
？
4.
关系代词的用法
关系代词 用来引起定语从句，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词，另
——
方面又
在 从句中充当一个成分。
eg·
This is the man who gave me the book.
这就是给我书的那个人。
The money that
／
which is on the table is mine.
桌上的钱是我的。
The money that
／
which my mother gave me is on the table.
我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。
代词
--
练习题
1
(
) 1 Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
(
) 2 Tom and ____ will go to see our teacher, for ___ is ill.
A. I; she. B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her
(
) 3 Is___a boy or girl?
A. she B. he C. one D. it
(
) 4 Only____know it.
A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you
2
(
) 1 I saw___ playing in the street at that time.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs
2 Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
(
) 3 Please ask____ not to skate on the thin ice.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
(
) 4 The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please.
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
(
) 5 Let me go and give the coat to____.
A. he B. his C. himself D. him
(
) 6 They asked___ to do the work.
A. you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him
3
(
) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman.
6
A. She B. This C. It D. He
(
) 2 -Who's that in the picture?
A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I
(
) 3 -Look, who is coming?
-___ must be our English teacher.
A. She B. He C. It D. This
(
) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be?
A. one B. he C. she D. it
4
(
) 1 ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That B. It C. This D. It's
(
) 2 What time is ____ now?
A it B. all C. this D: that
(
) 3 ___ a heavy rain last night.
A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is
(
) 4 ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There B. It C. This D. The place
5
(
) 1 The bird built___ nest in the tree.
A. it's B. her's C. hers D. its
(
) 2 Have you seen___pen, a black one?
A. these B. my C. you D. hers
3 Sorry I have forgot ____ telephone number.
A. yours B. him C. you D. his
6
(
) I The bear was shot in___ head. ? A. the B. its C. a D. this
(
) 2 The old man took the girl by ____ hand and they went down the street.
A. her B. a C. the D. that
(
) 3 He apologized to me for hitting me___ face.
A. on the B. at the C. in the D. in my
7
(
)
T
Our
room
is
big,
but____
is
bigger
than____.
A.
their;
our
B.
their;
ours
C.
theirs;
ours
D.
theirs; our
(
) 2 They aren't our books. Are they____?
A. your B. his C. her D. their
(
) 3 Our room is bigger than ___.
A. you B. your C. yours D. her
(
) 4 You have a good room, I should say. But
it's not as big as___.
A. I B. my C. me D. mine
8
(
) 1 ____ is the best season of the year?
A. When B. What C. Which D. What time
(
) 2 o-____ is your sister?
-She is a nurse.
A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
(
) 3 -___ colour are your new shoes?
-They are brown.
A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What