时态讲解:现在完成时
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2021年01月19日 22:48
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时态讲解:现在完成时
1
)现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一 动作对现在造成
的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的
结果或影响
。< br>
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.
她到了。
2
)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状 态,往往和包括现在在
内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如
recently, already, just, lately,
for…,
since…,yet
等。如:
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
3
)
.
现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内
重复发生的动作
.
We have had four texts this semester.
6. have been to
和
have gone to
的区别
have been to
强调
“
去过
”
,现已不在那里,如:
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。
(过去
“
到美国
”
,现在已
“
不在美国
”
)
have gone to
主要强调的是
“
去了
”
,现在人不在说话的现场,如:
--Where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪?
--She has gone to the hospital. --
她去医院了。
一
结构
1.< br>肯定句:主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
2.
否定句:主语
+have/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
3.
一般疑问句:
have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
Yes,
主语
+have/has.
No ,
主语
+have/has+not
4.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词
+ have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
二
常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语
注意
:.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,
(
如表示过去的时间状语
)
如
yesterday(morning
、
afternoon),last(mo rning
、
afternoon)
等,除非与
for, since
连用
.
1.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如
already
(
肯定)
, yet
(否定,
疑问)
, just, before, recently, still, lately
,
Just,
already,
yet,
ever,
never,
before,
twice(
重复性时间
)
,
for+
短时间,
since+
点时间,
so far,
how long
提问的疑问句中
.......
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
2.
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
,
如
ever, never, twice, several times
等
:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman several times.
3.
现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
,
如
up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to
present(now), so far
等
:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
三
当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时,谓语动词必
须使用延续性 动词。
如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延
续性动词。
若不是和短时间连用,则不用转化。
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,
使用中应注意两者的区别。
1.
持续性动词
:
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的
study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly,
stay, sit, stand, lie, keep
等。
2.
瞬间性动词
:
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的
--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter,
hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take
away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off
等
3.
瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状 语连用,通常用意思相
当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.
(他参军已有
3
年了。
)
不用
has
joined
She has been up for quite some time.
(她起床已有好久了。)不用
has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?
(离家已有好久了吗?)
不
用
has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系:
1
、
go
—
be away
2
、
come
—
be here
3
、
come back
—
be back
4
、
leave
—
be
away
(
be not here
)
5
、
buy
—
have
6
、
borrow
—
keep
7
、
die
——
be dead