时态讲解:现在完成时

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2021年01月19日 22:48
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2021年1月19日发(作者:姜椿芳)
时态讲解:现在完成时

1
)现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一 动作对现在造成
的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的
结果或影响
。< br>

My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。


I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。


She has arrived.
她到了。

2
)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状 态,往往和包括现在在
内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如
recently, already, just, lately,
for…,
since…,yet
等。如:

I haven’t heard from her these days.

这些日子我没有收到她的信。




We haven’t seen you recently.

最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years.

他们离开已经两年了。








She has been with us since Monday.
3

.
现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内
重复发生的动作
.

We have had four texts this semester.

6. have been to

have gone to
的区别

have been to
强调

去过

,现已不在那里,如:

He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。
(过去

到美国

,现在已

不在美国



have gone to
主要强调的是

去了

,现在人不在说话的现场,如:

--Where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪?

--She has gone to the hospital. --
她去医院了。




结构

1.< br>肯定句:主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分词
+
其他

2.
否定句:主语
+have/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
其他

3.
一般疑问句:
have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他




Yes,
主语
+have/has.


No ,
主语
+have/has+not
4.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词
+ have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他




常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语

注意
:.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,
(
如表示过去的时间状语


yesterday(morning

afternoon),last(mo rning

afternoon)
等,除非与
for, since
连用
.
1.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用


already

肯定)
, yet
(否定,
疑问)
, just, before, recently, still, lately

Just,

already,

yet,

ever,

never,

before,

twice(
重复性时间
)


for+
短时间,

since+
点时间,

so far,

how long
提问的疑问句中
.......



He has already obtained a scholarship.



I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).



We have seen that film before.



Have they found the missing child yet ?
2.
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
,



ever, never, twice, several times

:



Have you ever been to Beijing



I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.



I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.



George has met that gentleman several times.
3.
现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
,



up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to
present(now), so far

:



Peter has written six papers so far.



Up to the present everything has been successful.




当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时,谓语动词必
须使用延续性 动词。
如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延
续性动词。


若不是和短时间连用,则不用转化。

英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,
使用中应注意两者的区别。

1.
持续性动词
:
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。

常见的
study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly,
stay, sit, stand, lie, keep
等。

2.
瞬间性动词
:

表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。

常见的
--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter,
hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take
away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off


3.
瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状 语连用,通常用意思相
当的持续性动词来替换

He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.

(他参军已有
3
年了。

不用
has
joined



She has been up for quite some time.

(她起床已有好久了。)不用
has got up






Has your brother been away from home for a long time?
(离家已有好久了吗?)


has left


常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系:

1

go

be away


2

come

be here


3

come back

be back


4

leave

be
away

be not here


5

buy

have






6

borrow

keep





7

die
——
be dead






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