现在完成时态

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2021年01月19日 23:10
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非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词

2021年1月19日发(作者:贝点)
一、现在完成时的结构关





1.
肯定式




现在完成时由

助动词< br>have/has+
过去分词

构成,当主语为第三人称单数时,用
“ has+
过去分词

,其他人称用
“have+
过去分词

;规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过
去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词另归纳。
ha ve
可缩写为
’ve

has
可缩写为
’s
。如:




They’ve worked in the factory for ten years.



他们在这个工厂工作十年了。




He’s been there before, hasn’t he?

他以前去过那儿,对吗?




2.
否定式



< br>现在完成时的否定式就是在
has/have
后加
not

h ave not
可缩写为
haven’t

has
not
可缩写为
hasn’t
。如:




I haven’t found my lost cat.
我还没有找到我丢失的猫。




She hasn’t finished her homework yet.
她还没有完成她的家庭作业。




3.
疑问式



< br>现在完成时的疑问式就是把助动词
has

have
提到句首,反意疑 问式也用
has

have




肯< br>定




“Yes,


+h as/have”






“No,


+hasn’t/haven’t”
,有时肯定回答也用
“Yes, already”
否定回答也用
“No, not yet”
等形式。
如:





Have you been to Dalian?
你去过大连吗?





No, not yet.
不,还没去过。




He has taught you English since two weeks ago, hasn’t he?



他从两周前就教你们英语了,对吗?





二、现在完成时的用法关




1.
已完成用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
这种用法中的谓语动词一般 为短暂性动词。如:




He has had lunch already.
他已经吃过午餐了。
(现在是饱的)




I have read the book many times.



这本书我看过多次。
(还记得书的内容)




2.
未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,这种用法中的谓< br>语动词一般为延续性动词。如:




We have lived here for over three years.
我们住在这儿已有三年多了。




We have studied English since three years ago.



我们从三年前就开始学英语了。




三、现在完成时的时间状语关




1.
现在 完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词
before

just

al ready

yet

ever
等连用。如:




I haven’tseen him before.
我以前没有见过他。




They have just done their homework.
他们刚做完作业。




2.
现在完成时与
for/since
等引导的持续性 时间状语或
these days

so far
等包括

1

现在时间

在内的时间状语连用。如:




I have known him for six years.
我认识他六年了。




The doctor has saved over two hundred people’s lives so far.



到目前为止,这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。




四、区别关




1.
一些时间状语副词的用法区别






yet

already

just

ever



yet
常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句句尾,用于疑问句 中常译为

已经

,用于
否定句中常译为

尚未, 还


already
常用于现在完成时的肯定句中,常译为
已经


当它用于疑问句时,往往表示

惊讶、怀疑、不相信< br>”
等语气,
just
常用于肯定句,
ever
常用于疑问句。 如:





Have you had your breakfast yet?
你已经吃过早餐了吗?





Yes, I have already had it.
是的,我已经吃过了。




Have you ever seen the film?
你曾经看过这部电影吗?






before

ago

just

just now



before
表示现在看来的

以 前

,常单独用于现在完成时中,一般不与表示一段时
间的词语连用,而
ag o
表示在过去某时间的

以前

,常用

一段时间
+ago”
的形式,与
过去时连用;
just
常与现在完成时连用,
多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词,
just now
多与一般过去时或一般现在时连用,一般用于句末。如:




Have you met him before?
你以前见过他吗?




My brother met her in the street two days ago.



我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。




I have just had breakfast.
我刚吃过早餐。




She had breakfast just now.



她刚吃了早餐。




2. for

since
的区别




fo r
为介词,后面要接

段时间


since
用作 介词,后接过去时间点,用作连词时,
后接从句,从句常用一般过去时。如:




I have known him for three years.




我认识他有三年了。




We have lived here since 1998.



我们从
1998
年就住在这里了。




How many English words have you learned since you came here?



自从你来这儿你学了多少英语单词?




3. have (has) been to

have (has) gone to
的区别




have (has) been t o
表示已经去过某地,
人离开了某地,
已经返回,
人对该地已有
(或 没有)
经历或体验;
have (has) gone to
表示人已经去了某地,
人不在说话地。
如:




He has been to Japan twice.
他去过日本两次。





Where is Jim?
吉姆在哪儿?



2



He has gone to the post office.
他去了邮电所。




4.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别




现在完成时表示过 去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
强调的是现在的情况;
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作 或状态,与现在没有关系,所以现在完成时不能与具
体的过去时间状语如
last year

ago

just now

in 1997< br>等连用;现在完成时动作发
生在过去,并有可能要持续下去,但一般过去时动作没有持续性;when
引导的疑问
句也不能用现在完成时,但可以用一般过去时。如:




He has lived here since 2000.



2000
年以来他一直住在这儿。
(他现在还住在这里。





He lived here in 2000.



2000
年他住在这儿。
(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里。






I have read the book before.
我以前已经看过这本书了。





When did you read it?
你什么时候看的?


现在完成时专项练习
:


.
用所给动词的适当形式

1. I


already


(see) the film. I


(see) it last week.
2.




he


(finish) his work today?



Not yet.
3.




you


(be) to Hong Kong?



Yes, I


(be) there twice.
4.




you ever


(eat ) chocolate sundaes
(圣代)
?



No, never.
5.
My father


just


(come) back from work. He is tired now.
6.

Where's Li Ming?



He


(go) to the teacher's office.
7.
Shanghai


(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it


(b
ecome) a large city.
8.
I


(work) here since I


(move) here in 1999.
9.
So far I


(make) quite a few friends here.

3
10.

How long


the Wangs


(stay) here ?




For two weeks.

.
句型转换
(
每空一词
)


1. I have been to Macau before.
(
改为否定句
)


I





been to Macau before.
2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill.
(
就划线部分提问
)








he come to school?
3. He has learned English for 5 years.
(
就划线部分提问
)














learned English?
4. I bought a new bike just now.
(

just
改写
)


I


just


a new bike.
5. We began to learn English three years ago.
(
改为同义句
)


We





English


three years.
III.
填入
has / have been

has / have gone.
1. Harry

I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.

Diana

No, it wasn't me. I


never


there.
2. Sam

Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where


they


?


Sue


To Florida, again.


Sam

How many times


they


there?


Sue

This is their third visit.
3. Joe

Can I have an apple, please?


Mary

We haven't got any. I


not


to the shops today.
4. Alan

Where's Tony?


Mary

He's got a headache so he




to bed.

4
5. Steve

Can I speak to Jill, please?


Lynn

She's out, I'm afraid. She



to the cinema this evening.


Steve

Again? She


already


to the cinema three times this w
eek.

.

for

since
填空。

1. Jill has been in Ireland


Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland


three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia


15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there


7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country


1974.
6. The bus is late. We've been waiting


20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty


many years.
8. Mike has been ill


a long time. He has been in hospital


Octob
er.

















5









现在完成时用法小结






一、现在完成时的构成



现在完成时由助动词
(has /have)
加动词的过去分词构成。它的肯定、否定及疑问形式
如下:






二、现在完成时的用法



1.
现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。



例如:
I have known Lilei for 3 years.

6

非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词


非主流个性女生头像-倾听我歌词