基础英语3期末复习材料上课讲义
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基础英语
3
期末复习材料
Unit5
Ⅰ
.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
When we start to tell the first lie, we are likely
a tangled web we weave, when first we
to tell more to cover the first one. One lie will
practice to deceive.
lead to another, then we will get ourselves in a
complicated situation.
2.
to
make
more
distinctions
can
coarsen;
the
liar`s perception of his chances of being caught
may warp.
Psychological
barriers
become
smaller
and
smaller.
We
tell
lies
without
hesitation
even
if
the
deceit
was
uncovered.
The
liar
wouldn`t
take it seriously.
most
understandable
and
forgivable
lies
According to ethicizes, the most forgivable and
are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the
acceptable lies are based on principle of caring
principle of trust for the principle of caring.
and love instead of trust.
Ⅱ
.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
lies were most often not what most of us
would call earth- shattering.
ing
to
DePaulo,
women
in
their
interactions
with
other
women
lied
mostly
to
spare the other`s feeling.
then
there
are
professions
—
lawyers,
pundits,PR
consultant
—
whose
members
specialize
in
shaping
or
spinning
the
truth
to
suit client`s needs.
very important to the world
avoid hurting other`s feeling
modifying the fact
opher
Sissela
Bok
warns
us
that
they
something that can lead to serious consequence
can put us on slippery slope.
all white lies to be avoided at all casts?
under any circumstances
Ⅲ
.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
1.
It is generally considered unethical for physicians to advertize.(ethics)
2.
The young actor was requested to speak in a feigned voice.(feign)
3.
We must be unsparing in our criticism of arms trade.(spare)
4.
Her hard experience has not coarsened her or made her cynical.(cynicism)
5.
Most shops are shut down during this confoundedly hot spell.(confound)
6.
The availability of credit lubricated the channels of trade.(lubricant)
7.
The ropes were entangled so Johnny was not able to untie the parcel.(tangle)
8.
Willful people cannot tolerate the slightest frustration of their wishes.(will)
Ⅳ
.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
1. The outdoor concert was called off due to the
weather.
expanded
vocabulary,as
well
as
the
improved reading speed and accuracy, will be a
record
that
can
encourage
you
to
get
over
the
boredom.
knew
that
any
failure
to
abide
by
the
terms
of
the
treaty
would
bring
international
condemnation.
was
reduced
to
begging
in
the
streets
of
Manhattan.
plain
fact
is
that
they
are
giving
me
the
sake,however they try to dress it up.
secret is not to brood over your failures,
but ta accept them as inevitable.
option of increasing investment has been
ruled out.
is wise to set food and money by in case of
a future emergency.
canceled
overcome
follow
fell into
make it more acceptable
care about
given up
reserve for future use
Ⅴ
.
Translate English to Chinese.
strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them
preoccupation or regret.
十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有是他们十分纠结或者后悔。
e
these
admission,
91percent
of
all
respondents
said
they
were
with
my
own
ethics and character.
尽管承认说谎，
91%
的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性 格还是感到满意。
”
, these
这些善意的谎言无疑是好意的，也是社会必要的润滑剂。
if you`re not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb.
truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.
如果你没有把握，
马克吐温给了我们一 条经验法则
“拿不准的时候就说实话，
这会使迷惑敌
人，震惊朋友。
”
Ⅵ
.
Translate Chinese into English.
1
、当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯
（
feign
）
Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating about what to do.
2
、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩
（
prevarication
）
Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.
3
、真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见
（
ubiquitous
）
Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.
4
、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满
（
profess
）
Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens.
5
、一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密
（
blurt out
）
On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.
6
、你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断
（
warp
）
You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.
7
、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络（
a tangled web
）
Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.
8
、他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦
（
spare
）
He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.
Unit8
Ⅰ
.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
an
end
which
it
would
be
noble
to
pursue
if
it
were
attainable
may
be
pursued
It
would
be
unwise
to
pursue
an
impossible
unwisely
if
it
is
inherently
impossible
of
goal even if it is magnificent/great.
achievement.
I think the essence of wisdom is to get one's
2.I
think
the
essence
of
wisdom
is
horizon free from the confinement of time and
emancipation,
as
far
as
possible,
from
the
space.
tyranny of the here and now.
Ⅱ
.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
these
I
should
put
first
a
sense
of
proportion:
the
capacity
to
take
account
of
all
take into consideration;
the
important
factors
and
to
attach
to
each
its
attach adequate importance to each fact
due weight.
doubt, if they could have found them, they
Surely;
would
have
conferred
great
benefits
upon
brought a good and helpful effect to mankind;
mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted.
actually
descend
to
less
heroic
matters,
consider
talk
about
something
less
worthy
or
less
the case of two men, Mr.A and Mr.B, who hate
important;
each
other
and,
through
mutual
hatred,
bring
destroy or ruin each other
each other to destruction.
and sound and touch are bound up with
our own bodies and cannot be impersonal.
lly with the years, his horizon widens,
and, in proportion as his thoughts and feelings
become
less
personal
and
less
concerned
with
his
own
physical
states,
he
achieves
growing
wisdom.
connect with
accordingly
Ⅲ
.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
main
beneficiaries
of
the
Hope
Project
are
poverty-stricken
children
living
in
remote
areas,(benefit)
ional herbal medicine is said to have less undesirable said effects.(desire)
cold
wind
drove
the
snow
almost
horizontally
at
the
soldiers
marching
in
the
wilderness.(horizon)
an
Indians
are
now
proud
to
be
the
descendants
of
North
America`s
first
inhabitants.(descend)
southern regions have increasingly relied on foreign investment(increase)
philosophical essay is beyond my daughter`s capacity.(philosophy)
down! Let`s not be unduly worried.(due)
test
theory,
standardization
refers
to
measurements
or
assessments
conducted
under
exact
specified, and repeatable condition.(standard)
Ⅳ
.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
`s picked up a throat infection that proves
very difficult to get rid of.
would
not
stand
by
and
watch
her
impulsively throw her life away.
committee
was
set
up
primarily
to
inquire into standards of public life,
nurse will attend to your wounds as soon
as she`s free.
decided
to
abandon
fishing
and
head
for
home before I froze to death.
6.I
must
have
blacked
out;
the
next
thing
I
remembered was two men pulling me from the
car.
service
provided
by
this
canteen
is
far
from
being
satisfactory,
but
we
shall
just
have
to put up with it.
community
committee
offered
the
residents
a
lecture
on
how
to
dispose
of
the
household
garbage
and
the
recyclable
resources.
suffered from
look on unconcerned
investigate
treat
go
lost consciousness
bear
deal with
Ⅴ
.
Translate English to Chinese.
people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge,
there has been no correlative in wisdom.
大 多数人或许都会同意
,
虽然我们所处的时代在知识积累方面远远超过以往任何时代
,< br>但在智
慧方面却没有相应的增长
.
has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the
standard of life in the most populous parts of the world.
它产生了完 全出人意料的后果
,
即在世界上人口最为稠密的地区
,
食品供应短缺
,
生活水平下
降
.
is
by
no
means
uncommon
to
find
men
whose
knowledge
is
wide
but
whose
feeling
are
narrow.
有些人知识渊博而情感狭隘
,
这绝不少见
.
one can view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyone could, he would hardly be
able to remain alive.
没有人能够毫无偏见地看待世界
,
若有的话
,
他将难以活下去
.
Ⅵ
.
Translate Chinese into English.
1.
实验结果远远超出了他们的预料
（
surpass
）
The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.
2.
我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题
（
take account of
）
We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we may meet.
3.
好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一
（
contribute to
）
The fine weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.
4.
巴西球员球星罗纳尔多（
Ro naldo
）在
2002
年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球
（
spectacular
）
Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in the 2002 World Cup.
5.
罗伯特
•
弗罗斯特（
Robert
Frost
）由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位
（
confer…upon
）
Many
honorary
degrees
from
different
colleges
and
universities
in
America
were
conferred
upon
Robert Frost for his great contributions to poetry.
6.
摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力
（
emancipation from…
）
Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.
7.
他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去
（
instill
）
They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.
8.
你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正
（
impartiality
）
You should show impartiality in your assessment of the employees.
Unit11
Ⅰ
.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
When
they
start
school,
children
are
curious
en
enter
school
as
question
marks
and
about everything around them. But after several
leave as periods.
years
school
education,
they
end
up
giving
up
the ability of creating and investigation.
Learners
at
a
high
level
may
meet
mistakes
has
its
own
pitfalls
—
during
the
process
of
learning.
They
may
among
then
complacency
and
pushing
or
become
self-satisfied
with
themselves
or
may
forcing.
put too much pressure in order to achieve more.